GETTYSBURG 


THEN  AND   NOW 

The  Field  of  American  Valor 

WHERE    AND    HOW    THE    REGIMENTS     FOUGHT    AND    THE 
TROOPS    THEY     ENCOUNTERED 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  BATTLE 

GIVING     MOVEMENTS.    POSITIONS,    AND    LOSSES     OF     THE 
COMMANDS     ENGAGED 


BY 

JOHN  M.  VANDERSLICE 

A    DIRECTOR    OF    THE    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION 


Illustrated  with  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  full-page  engravings 
from  photographs  by  Tipton 


NEW    YORK 

G.    W.    Dil ling  ham    Co.,    Publishers 


COPYRIGHT,  1897,  1899 

BY 
JOHN    M.  VANDERSLICE 


295495 


Meade  and  Corps  Commanders. 


L,ee  and  his  Commanders. 


PREFACE. 


WHEN  the  Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial 
Association  transferred  its  grounds  and  the 
more  than  three  hundred  handsome  monu 
ments  erected  thereon,  to  the  General  Gov 
ernment,  thereby  practically  concluding  its 
work,  it  decided  to  publish  a  history  of  the 
Association,  including  a  brief  but  accurate 
account  of  the  battle  itself.  The  author  was 
selected  by  the  Board  of  Directors  to  write 
this  history  for  the  reasons  related  in  the 
introduction. 

The  work  was  published  only  for  private 
distribution  among  the  authorities  of  the 
States  which  had  appropriated  funds  to  the 
Association,  and  to  the  leading  public  libraries. 

There  was,  however,  such  a  great  demand 
for  the  book,  that  arrangements  were  made 
with  the  author  for  its  publication  in  another 
form,  curtailing  the  history  of  the  Association 


8  PREFACE. 

which  might  not  be  interesting  to  the  general 
reader. 

The  edition  was  soon  exhausted,  and  in 
response  to  repeated  requests  from  many  sec 
tions  of  the  country,  the  work  is  now  issued 
in  its  present  style,  containing,  as  it  does,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  full  page  half-tone 
pictures  of  the  most  interesting  parts  of  the 
field,  and  many  of  the  artistic  monuments. 

It  is  much  regretted  that  illustrations  of  all 
of  the  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  monu 
ments  now  upon  the  field  cannot  be  given. 
The  size  of  the  book,  however,  precludes  it. 
A  little  less  than  one-fourth  of  them  have 
been  selected,  a  fair  proportion  of  those  of 
each  State  represented.  From  these  the 
reader  can  form  an  idea  of  the  variety  of 
style  and  unique  character  of  the  splendid 
memorials  that  mark  with  exactness  the  posi 
tions  of  the  commands,  and  so  clearly  indicate 
the  lines  of  battle. 


CONTENTS. 


Introduction 19 

Gettysburg 31 

Losses  in  the  Twelve  Greatest  Battles  of  the  War 35 

The  Town  and  Field 39 

The  Ten  Roads  leading  into  the  Town 43 

The  Advance  of  the  Army 44 

The  Cavalry  Fight  at  Hanover 55 

Forces  Engaged  and  the  States  represented  in  the  Battle     ...  59 

FIRST  DAY'S  BATTLE. 

Approach  of  the  Confederates .  57 

Encountered  by  Buford's  Cavalry 53 

The  First  Federal  Corps  arrives  and  opens  Fire 72 

Meredith's  Federal  Brigade  charges  Archer's     .    .    , 75 

Death  of  General  Reynolds 76 

Davis's  Confederate  Brigade  attacks  Cutler's 79 

General  Heth  reforms  his  Line 79 

Doubleday's  Federal  Division  goes  into  Position 83 

Robinson's  Division  meets  Rodes's  upon  Oak  Ridge 83 

The  Federal  Eleventh  Corps  arrives  upon  the  Right 87 

Attacked  in  Flank  by  Early 's  Confederate  Division 91 

Its  Withdrawal  to  Cemetery  Hill 91 

Robinson's  Division  forced  to  abandon  Oak  Ridge 91 

The  Fight  continued  on  the  Left  by  the  First  Corps 95 

The  Corps  retires  to  Cemetery  Hill 99 

Losses  at  Reynolds's  Grove 112 

Losses  upon  Oak  Ridge 124 

Losses  upon  Eleventh  Corps  Line 128 

Number  of  Regiments  of  each  State  Engaged 135 

SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE. 

Position  of  the  Several  Corps 136 

Sickles  moves  Federal  Third  Corps  forward  to  New  Line    .    .    .  143 


1 2  CONTENTS, 

PAGE 

Opening  of  the  Battle  at  Devil's  Den 144 

It  extends  into  the  Wheat-Field I47 

Arrival  of  the  Federal  Fifth  Corps  upon  the  Field 151 

Confederates  attack  Little  Round  Top 152 

Battle  in  the  Wheat-Field  continued 156 

First  Division  of  the  Federal  Second  Corps  goes  into  Action    .    .  159 

Ayres's  Division  of  United  States  Regulars  enters  the  Field  .    .    .  164 

The  Federal  Troops  forced  to  abandon  the  Field 164 

The  Fight  at  the  Peach  Orchard 167 

Struggle  of   Humphreys's  Federal  Division  along  the  Ernmitts- 

burg  Road 171 

Withdrawal  of  Federals  to  Cemetery  Ridge 175 

The  Battle  continued  there 176 

Confederates  capture  Works  upon  Gulp's  Hill 183 

Confederate  Assault  upon  East  Cemetery  Hill 187 

Losses  at  Round  Top 192 

Losses  in  Wheat- Field 196 

Losses  in  Peach  Orchard 208 

Losses  upon  Emmittsburg  Road 215 

Losses  upon  East  Cemetery  Hill 22O 

THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE. 

Battle  opens  upon  Gulp's  Hill 231 

Confederate  Assault  upon  Cemetery  Ridge 244 

Charge  of  Pickett's,  Pettigrew's,  and  Trimble's  Divisions  ....  248 

They  reach  the  Wall  held  by  the  Federal  Second  Corps     ....  251 

They  are  repulsed  with  Great  Loss 259 

Injustice  done  to  Pettigrew's  and  Trimble's  Divisions 260 

The  Troops  engaged  in  the  Assault  and  Repulse 264 

Gregg's  Cavalry  Fight  on  the  Right  Flank 268 

Final  Charge  and  Repulse  of  Confederate  Cavalry 275 

Federal  Cavalry  Charge  upon  the  Left  Flank 280 

McCandless's  Pennsylvania  Reserves  capture  a  Battery 283 

Losses  at  Gulp's  Hill 284 

Losses  in  Assault  upon  Cemetery  Ridge 292 

Losses  in   Pickett's,  Pettigrew's,  and  Trimble's   Divisions  com 
pared  . 300 

Regiments  engaged  and  States  represented 3°7 

Cavalry  Losses 3°8 


CONTENTS.  1 5 

PAGE 

Retreat  of  Confederate  Army 312 

Points  where  Principal  Fighting  was  done  according  to  Losses    .  323 

Losses  by  Divisions 324 

Losses  by  States 327 


THE  NATIONAL  CEMETERY. 

Location 336 

Arrangement  of  Graves 339 

Dedicatory  Services 340 

Oration  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Everett 343 

The  Memorable  Address  of  President  Lincoln 352 

Design  of  the  Monument 355 


THE  BATTLE-FIELD  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 

First  Appropriation  by  Pennsylvania 36° 

Lands,  Monuments,  etc.,  transferred  to  the  United  States  Govern 
ment   391 

List  of  Directors  of  the  Association  during  its  Existence  ....  392 

Abstract  of  all  Receipts  and  Expenditures 39° 


List  of  Federal  Regiments,  Batteries,  and  General  Officers  from 
each  State 400 

Appropriations  to  Association  for  Monuments  and  Description  of 
Principal  Monuments 400 

List  of  Regiments  and  Batteries  of  the  United  States  Regular 
Army , 467 

List  of  Confederate  Commands 471 

Act  establishing  National  Military  Park 488 


INTRODUCTION. 


CONGRESS  having  passed  an  act  on  February 
n,  1895,  "to  establish  a  National  Military 
Park  at  Gettysburg,"  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial  Associa 
tion,  at  a  meeting  held  May  22,  1895,  having 
been  previously  authorized  to  do  so  by  a  vote 
of  the  stockholders,  decided  to  transfer  to  the 
United  States  government  the  six  hundred 
acres  of  land  which  had  been  acquired  by  the 
Association,  upon  which  seventeen  miles  of 
avenues  had  been  constructed,  giving  access  to 
the  most  interesting  points  of  the  battle-field, 
and  to  consign  to  the  care  and  protection  of  the 
general  government  the  three  hundred  and 
twenty  monuments  which  had  been  erected 
upon  the  field  by  the  several  States  and  by 
regimental  associations 

There  were  present  at  this  meeting  of  the 
Board  :  Colonel  C.  H.  Buehler,  of  Pennsylvania, 
vice-president ;  General  Daniel  E.  Sickles  and 
General  Alex.  S.  Webb,  of  New  York  ;  General 
Lucius  Fairchild,  of  Wisconsin  ;  Colonel  Frank 
D.  Sloat,  of  Connecticut ;  Colonel  Charles  L. 


2O 


:  INTRODUCTION. 


Young,  of  Ohio  ;  Colonel  George  E.  Briggs,  of 
Michigan  ;  Colonel  Wheelock  G.  Veazey,  of 
Vermont ;  General  D.  McM.  Gregg,  General 
Louis  Wagner,  Hon.  Edward  McPherson, 
Hon.  S.  McSwope,  Captain  H.  W.  McKnight, 
D  D.,  and  Messrs.  J.  M.  Vanderslice,  J.  L. 
Schick,  J.  A.  Kitzmiller,  Dr.  C.  E.  Goldsborough, 
and  Calvin  Hamilton,  the  Secretary  of  Pennsyl 
vania  ;  General  Joseph  B.  Carr,  of  New  York, 
and  Colonel  John  B.  Bachelder,  of  Massachu 
setts,  having  died  since  the  previous  meeting  in 
October.  There  were  also  present  Colonel 
John  P.  Nicholson,  of  Pennsylvania,  also  a 
member  of  the  Board  ;  Major  W.  M.  Robins,  of 
North  Carolina,  and  Major  C.  A.  Richardson, 
of  New  York,  composing  the  United  States 
Board  of  Battle-field  Commissioners. 

After  the  transaction  of  the  important  busi 
ness    attending    the    formal    transfer    to     the 

o 

national  government  of  the  property  of  the 
Association,  and  the  practical  completion  of  the 
work  for  which  it  had  been  organized  thirty-one 
years  before,  upon  motion  of  General  Sickles, 
it  was  decided  to  publish  a  brief  history  of  "  The 
Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial  Association." 
It  was  considered  of  importance,  historically, 
that  there  should  be  preserved  a  record  of  the 
great  results  accomplished  by  the  Memorial  As 
sociation,  the  first  of  like  character  ever  organ- 


f 


8, 


INTRODUCTION.  23 

ized.  It  was  also  deemed  proper  that  there 
should  be  some  recognition  of  the  generous 
and  patriotic  support  accorded  the  Association 
by  the  people  of  the  several  States,  whose  legis 
latures  had  made  liberal  appropriations  in 
furtherance  of  its  objects,  and  of  the  zealous 
and  effective  co-operation  given  it  by  the  sur 
vivors  of  many  of  the  commands  which  partici 
pated  in  the  battle  ;  for,  by  the  aid  thus  rendered, 
the  Association  was  enabled  to  acquire  much  of 
the  most  important  part  of  the  battle-field  and 
to  correctly  mark  the  lines  of  battle,  so  that  at 
the  conclusion  of  its  work  the  position  of  every 
volunteer  command  in  the  Union  army  except 
three  had  been  appropriately  marked  by  endur 
ing,  and  many  of  them  by  artistic  and  costly, 
monuments  or  memorials,  representing  in  the 
aggregate  an  expenditure  of  more  than  three- 
fourths  of  a  million  dollars,  and  Gettysburg  was 
not  only  more  visited  but  better  marked  and 
understood  than  any  battle-field  in  the  world. 

It  was  suggested  that  in  connection  with  the 
history  of  the  Memorial  Association  there  should 
be  published  a  concise  history  of  the  battle,  so 
that  the  work  of  the  Association  might  be  better 
understood  and  the  difficulties  attending  its 
efforts  to  secure  and  accurately  mark  the  battle 
field  be  better  appreciated,  as  well  as  to  show 
how  fitting  was  the  work  it  attempted  to  accom- 


24  INTRODUCTION. 

plish,  how  richly  the  troops  who  fought  upon 
the  field  deserved  that  it  should  be  preserved 
as  it  was  when  hallowed  by  their  services  and 
sacrifices,  how  appropriate,  too,  that  their  States 
should  erect  thereon  memorials  to  commemo 
rate  for  all  time  their  devotion  and  valor,  and 
why  the  care  and  attention  the  field  is  now 
receiving  from  the  national  Government  in 

o  o 

liberal  appropriations  and  intelligent  manage 
ment  by  able  and  judicious  commissioners  meets 
the  approbation  of  all  patriotic  people. 

The  writer  was  selected  by  the  Board  of 
Directors  to  write  this  history.  As  he  had  been 
actively  identified  with  the  work  of  the  Associa 
tion  for  sixteen  years,  for  the  most  of  that  time 
being  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee 
and  Secretary  of  the  Committee  on  the  Loca 
tion  of  and  Inscriptions  on  Monuments,  it  was 
probably  thought  that  his  familiarity  with  the 
work  and  the  information  he  had  acquired 
might  in  a  measure  qualify  him  for  the  duty. 

While  highly  appreciative  of  its  confidence  in 
him,  as  evinced  by  this  action  of  the  Board,  he 
is  equally  appreciative  of  the  responsibility  he 
assumes  and  of  probable  disappointment  with 
the  results  of  his  work. 

It  is  proposed  to  briefly  and  accurately  de 
scribe  the  position,  movement,  services,  and 
losses  of  every  regiment  and  battery  engaged 


INTRODUCTION.  2  J 

in  the  battle,  as  established  by  the  information 
gathered  and  collated  by  the  Association,  by  the 
official  reports,  and  by  statements  of  officers 
and  men  of  both  armies,  who,  by  its  invitation 
upon  several  occasions,  met  and  conferred  upon 
the  field  for  the  purpose  of  marking  the  lines  of 
battle,  which  statements  have  been  most  care 
fully  examined,  compared,  and  verified. 

There  will  be  no  criticisms  upon  strategical 
or  tactical  movements  upon  the  field.  In  fact, 
there  were  few  such.  As  has  been  well  said, 
"  Gettysburg  was,  in  a  measure,  the  American 
soldiers'  battle,"  a  battle  of  the  ranks,  a  struggle 
of  American  prowess  and  courage,  of  discipline 
and  tenacity,  of  unwavering  fidelity  and  unselfish 
devotion,  a  contest  of  American  manhood. 


GETTYSBURG. 


THERE  are  many  reasons  why  Gettysburg 
was  selected  at  such  an  early  period  for  preser 
vation,  and  why  it  has  attracted  more  attention 
and  been  visited  by  more  people  than  all  the 
other  battle-fields  of  the  Rebellion. 

In  every  epoch  of  history  there  will  be  found 
some  battle  which  ever  remains  prominent 
above  others  of  the  same  period,  though  they 
be  of  greater  magnitude.  As  in  Napoleon's 
campaigns,  Lodi,  Arcole,  Rivoli,  Jaffa,  Aboukir, 
Marengo,  Austerlitz,  Jena,  Eylau,  Friedland, 
Burgos,  Wagram,  Lutzen,  Dresden,  and  even 
Borodino,  when  Russia  and  the  whole  continent 
lay  at  the  feet  of  the  invincible  conqueror,  and 
Leipsic,  his  first  serious  and  decisive  defeat,  are 
eclipsed  by  the  memories  of  Waterloo,  because 
of  its  effects  upon  the  destinies  of  Europe  and 
of  civilization,  so  Gettysburg  will  ever  be  pre 
eminently  the  most  renowned  of  all  the  battles 
of  the  war  for  the  Union,  not  only  because  of  its 
magnitude  and  immediate  results,  but  also  by 
reason  of  the  grave  consequences  dependent 
upon  the  issue. 


32  GETTYSBURG. 

But  Gettysburg  should  not,  as  is  so  often 
erroneously  clone,  be  considered  the  Waterloo 
of  the  Rebellion.  As  one  able  writer  well  says, 
"It  was  more  like  Leipsic,  decisive  as  to  the 
field  but  not  as  to  the  struggle."  For  it  must 

ot> 

not  be  forgotten  that  while  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  and  the  other  Federal  troops  operating 
in  Virginia,  up  to  and  including  Gettysburg,  lost 
89,175  killed  and  wounded  and  48,638  missing, 
they  after  Gettysburg  lost  1 10,820  killed  and 
wounded  and  35,586  missing  before  the  final 
victory  at  Appomattox. 

Gettysburg  was,  however,  fought  at  the 
gloomiest  period  of  the  war,  which  had  then 
been  carried  on  for  two  years  upon  a  tremen 
dous  scale,  with  the  expenditure  of  so  much 
blood  and  treasure,  so  many  severe  battles 
having  been  fought  and  so  many  lives  sacri 
ficed,  without  decisive  results.  The  campaign 
of  1862  had  ended  with  defeats  in  the  East  and 
West,  and  that  of  1863  had  opened  with  one. 
The  Rebellion  had  reached  its  very  zenith  of 
success  and  triumph.  Foreign  intervention  in 
behalf  of  the  Confederacy  was  imminent. 

Gettysburg,  too,  was  the  only  battle  fought 
on  Northern  soil  during  those  four  years  of  ter 
rible  war,  north  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line,  the 
then  line  of  demarcation  between  North  and 
South. 


GETTYSBURG. 


35 


It  was  also  the  bloodiest  single  battle  of  the 
war.  The  losses  of  the  Union  or  Federal  army 
in  the  twelve  greatest  battles  of  the  war  were 
as  follows  : 


Gettysburg  .  . 
Spottsylvania  . 
Wilderness  .  . 
Antietam  '.  .  . 

Killed. 

,     ,     3°7° 
.     .     2725 
.     .     2246 
2108 

Wounded. 

14,497 
I3»4l6 

12,037 
q,C4o 

Missing. 

5434 
2258 

3383 

7^ 

Aggregate. 
23,001 

!8,399 
17,666 
,  12,410 

Chancellorsville 
Chickamauga   . 
Cold  Harbor    . 
Fredericksburg 
Manassas  (1862) 
Shiloh 

.     .     1606 
.     .     1656 

.     .     1844 
.     .     1284 

.     .     1747 
17^4 

;/  "  J    *  s 

9,762 

9.749 
9.077 
9,600 

8,452 
8,408 

/•JO 

59J9 
4774 
1816 
1769 
4263 
288^ 

17,287 
16,179 

12,737 
12,653 

14,462 
1^,047 

Stone's  River   . 
Petersburg  (first 
sault,  1864)  . 

•     •     1730 
as- 
.    .    1688 

v_/  j  T-^-"  ^ 

7,808 
8,513 

"**j 

3717 

1185 

O  *       *  I 

r3>255 
11,386 

Many  of  the  wounded  died  of  their  wounds, 
and  should  be  added  to  the  killed,  while  many 
accounted  for  as  missing"  were  either  killed  or 

o 

wounded,  and  at  Fredericksburg  and  Cold  Har- 

o 

bor  nearly  all  such  were  among  the  killed,  as 
but  few  if  any  were  captured  in  those  assaults. 
Then,  too,  Gettysburg,  being  located  in  a  pop 
ulous  Northern  State,  and  being  comparatively 
easy  of  access,  has  ever  since  the  battle  been 
visited  by  great  numbers  of  the  people  of  our 
own  and  other  lands.  The  smoke  of  battle  had 
scarcely  cleared  away  before  thousands  of  patri- 


36  GETTYSBURG. 

otic  people  were  thronging  to  the  place,  with  sup 
plies  and  comforts,  to  render  what  aid  they  could 
to  the  wounded  and  help  bury  the  dead.  And  all 
through  the  months  the  immense  hospitals  were 
located  there,  multitudes  came  and  went,  many 
tenderly  carrying  with  them  a  stricken  dear  one, 
that  he  might  die  at  home,  amid  the  scenes  of  his 
childhood,  or  a  lifeless  body,  to  inter  it  beside 
those  of  kindred  and  friends.  From  no  other 
field  were  so  many  of  the  fallen  taken  to  their 
homes  as  from  Gettysburg.  The  interest  thus 
early  awakened  in  the  place  has  never  abated, 
and  each  year  the  number  of  visitors  increases, 
and  seldom  does  one  leave  Gettysburg  without 
a  strong  desire  to  revisit  it. 

Aside  from  the  historic  association  and  in 
terest,  there  is  much  that  is  attractive  in  the 
magnificent  and  beautiful  surrounding  scenery 
which  enhances  the  pleasure  of  the  visitor.  In 
the  woods  and  meadows,  in  the  glens  and  vales 
of  the  battle-field,  there  is  many  a  romantic  and 
charming  bit  of  landscape,  while  from  the  ele 
vated  portions  of  the  field  there  are  splendid 
and  delightful  views  extending  for  miles  in  every 
direction.  The  prospect  from  the  National 
Cemetery,  as  the  sun  is  setting  behind  the 
South  Mountain,  is  one  that  is  unexcelled  in 
beauty  and  impressiveness. 


THE    TOWN    AND    FIELD.  39 

THE    TOWN    AND    FIELD. 

The  old  town  of  Gettysburg,  founded  in  1780, 
is  the  county-seat  of  Adams  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  is  about  seven  miles  from  the  southern 
border  of  the  State.  It  has,  as  it  had  at  the 
time  of  the  battle,  a  population  of  a  little  more 
than  three  thousand.  It  was  little  known  be 
fore  those  memorable  July  days  that  were  to 
make  it  forever  historic.  Until  then  its  chief 
distinction  was  that  it  had  been  for  many  years 
the  home  of  Thaddeus  Stevens,  ''the  great 
Commoner,"  the  brilliant  leader  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  during  the  war,  and  the  life 
long  and  unyielding  champion  of  human  rights. 
It  furnished  its  full  quota  of  splendid  soldiers, 
though  none  of  its  companies,  except  one  in  the 
ist  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  participated  in  the 
battle,  the  rest  being  on  duty  elsewhere, — by  a 
strange  occurrence  several  of  them  being  in 
two  of  the  regiments  under  French  at  Harper's 
Ferry,  which  were  not  permitted  to  join  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  until  after  the  battle. 

The  town  is  in  the  centre  of  the  battle-field, 
as  the  fighting  on  July  i  was  north  and  west  of 
it,  while  on  the  2d  and  3d  it  was  on  the  south 
and  east,  it  being  peculiar  that  during  the  battle 
the  Northern  army  should  be  in  a  position  to 
the  south  of  that  of  the  Southern  army,  com- 


4-O  GETTYSBURG. 

pletely  reversing  the  positions  that  the  two 
armies  would  naturally  be  expected  to  oc 
cupy. 

The  town  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley  be 
tween  two  ridges,  which  are  now  classic  by  rea 
son  of  the  importance  attaching  to  them  in-  the 
battle.  The  hill  north  and  west  of  the  town  and 
about  a  mile  from  the  centre  thereof  is  Seminary 
Ridge,  the  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  lo 
cated  there  giving  it  the  name.  The  ridge  runs 
for  many  miles  northeast  and  southwest,  a  por 
tion  of  it  being  the  line  held  by  the  Federal 
troops  during  the  first  day's  battle,  and  forming 
the  principal  line  of  defence  of  the  Confederate 
army  during  the  remainder  of  the  battle.  The 
ridge  south  and  southwest  of  the  town  is  Cem 
etery  Hill,  so  named  because  Evergreen,  the 
town  cemetery,  was  located  thereon,  on  the 
Baltimore  Pike,  a  half-mile  from  the  town,  the 
National  Cemetery  being  placed  there  also  after 
the  battle.  This  ridge  begins  a  few  hundred 
yards  northeast  of  the  cemetery  entrance  and 
extends  in  a  line  nearly  parallel  with  Seminary 
Ridge.  Big  and  Little  Round  Tops  are  spurs 
of  this  ridge,  which  formed  the  main  line  of  the 
Federal  army  during  the  second  and  third  days' 
battles.  A  short  distance  east  of  the  cemetery 
this  ridge  bends  sharply  to  the  right,  forming 
two  rocky  and  wooded  prominences,  Culp's  and 


THE    TOWN    AND    FIELD.  43 

Spangler's  Hills,  terminating  in  Wolf's  Hill,  a 
steep  knob  beyond  Rock  Creek. 

Ten  roads  concentrate  in  the  town  almost  as 
regularly  as  the  spokes  of  a  wagon-wheel  at 
the  hub.  That  from  Emmittsburg,  upon  which 
Buford's  cavalry,  the  First,  Third,  and  Eleventh 
Corps,  marched,  comes  from  the  southwest; 
that  from  Taneytown,  upon  which  the  Second 
Corps  marched,  from  the  south  ;  the  Baltimore 
Pike,  upon  which  the  Sixth  and  Twelfth  Corps 
marched,  from  the  southeast ;  that  from  Han 
over,  upon  which  Gregg's  and  Kilpatrick's  cav 
alry  and  the  Fifth  Corps  marched,  from  the  east ; 
those  from  Mummasburg,  Carlisle,  Harrisburg, 
and  York,  upon  which  Ewell's  corps  marched, 
from  the  north  and  northeast ;  that  from  Cham- 
bersburg,  upon  which  Hill's  and  Longstreet's 
corps  marched,  from  the  northwest ;  and  that 
from  Hagerstown  from  the  west,  or,  rather, 
southwest. 

From  these  unusual  facilities  for  the  move 
ment  and  concentration  of  large  bodies  6f 
troops,  together  with  the  conformation  of  the 
surrounding  hills  and  fields,  it  would  seem  as  if 
Gettysburg  had  been  designed  by  nature  for  a 
battle-field. 

While  the  field  is  said  to  cover  twenty-five 
square  miles,  the  principal  and  important  oper 
ations  were  confined  to  a  much  more  limited 


44  GETTYSBURG. 

space,  and  there  are  many  points  upon  it  from 
which  can  be  had  a  good  view  of  the  whole 
battle-field,  with  the  exception  of  that  upon 
which  Gregg's  cavalry  fought,  thre.e  miles  east 
of  the  town  ;  and,  except  where  a  piece  of  wood 
land  may  intervene,  the  Federal  lines  of  battle 
can  be  readily  traced  by  the  monuments  which 
now  mark  the  positions  of  the  different  regi 
ments  and  batteries,  even  some  of  those  of 
Gregg's  cavalry  being  seen  off  in  the  distance. 


THE  ADVANCE  OF  THE  ARMIES. 

In  the  beginning  of  June,  1863,  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  under  Hooker  lay  north  of  the 
Rappahannock  River  in  Virginia.  The  cam 
paign  of  1862  had  ended  with  Fredericksburg, 
where  superb  valor  had  been  wasted  in  five 
successive  reckless  assaults  which  for  desperate 
courage  have  never  been  excelled  in  the  world's 
wars,  and  that  of  1863  had  opened  with  the 
brilliantly  planned  but  miserably  conducted 
struggle  in  the  woods  around  Chancellorsville, 
whence  the  veteran  army,  after  a  loss  of  over 
1 7,000  with  less  than  half  its  number  engaged, 
had  been  again  withdrawn  to  the  north  side  of 
the  river.  It  retained  its  splendid  discipline  and 
incomparable,  unfaltering  devotion,  and  was,  as 
ever,  hopeful,  ready,  confident. 


UNiv.   OF 

CALIFORNIA 


THE  ADVANCE  OF  THE  ARMIES.       47 

It  was  composed  of  the  First,  Second,  Third, 
Fifth,  Sixth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  and  the  Cavalry 
Corps,  the  Ninth  Corps  having,  after  Fredericks- 
buror  been  sent  west  to  reinforce  Grant. 

o' 

Upon  the  other  hand,  in  the  Confederate 
army,  after  the  death  of  Jackson,  his  corps, 
with  Anderson's  division  of  Longstreet's,  had 
been  reorganized  into  the  Second  and  Third 
Corps  under  Ewell  and  Hill,  Longstreet  still 
commanding  the  First  Corps,  and  this  army 
was  never  in  better,  more  effective,  and  more 
promising  condition.  In  its  camps  were  reviews 
and  inspections,  and  everything  indicated  impor 
tant  offensive  movements. 

It  being  reported  that  the  enemy  was  moving 
towards  the  Blue  Ridge,  Hooker  ordered 
Pleasonton  to  make  a  reconnoissance  with  the 
Cavalry  Corps,  and  on  June  8  Buford's  division 
moved  to  Beverly  Ford  and  Gregg's  to  Kelly's 
Ford,  they  together  numbering  about  9000. 
Before  daylight  on  the  gth  they  crossed  the  river 
and  found  Stuart's  cavalry,  about  12,000  strong, 
which  had  been  reviewed  the  day  before  by 
General  Lee  amid  much  enthusiasm.  Buford 
attacked  at  once,  and  Gregg,  moving  rapidly 
to  Brandy  Station,  attacked  from  that  point. 
Regiment  met  regiment  and  brigade  met  bri 
gade,  and  from  sunrise  until  near  sunset  these 
20,000  troopers  fought  upon  the  plains  around 


48  GETTYSBURG. 

Brandy  Station  one  of  the  most  brilliant  cavalry 
battles  of  history. 

It  was  not  only  ascertained  that  Lee's  infantry 
was  already  at  Culpeper,  but  in  one  of  the 
charges  Stuart's  head-quarters  baggage  and 
official  papers  were  captured,  and  among  them 
was  the  order  for  the  march  into  Pennsylvania. 

With  this  information  the  Federal  cavalry 
withdrew  across  the  river. 

The  great  march  northward  now  commenced, 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  moving  to  Fairfax  and 
Manassas,  while  the  Confederate  army  moved 
northwestwardly  into  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
Swell's  corps,  in  the  advance,  falling  upon  and 
dispersing  Milroy's  command  at  Winchester  on 
the  1 4th.  Stuart's  cavalry  was  assigned  the 
duty  of  protecting  the  flank  of  Lee's  army  and 
concealing  its  movements,  and  at  the  same  time 
of  watching  the  movements  of  Hooker's  army; 
but  on  June  17  it  was  encountered  at  Aldie  by 
the  Federal  cavalry  and  driven  beyond  the  Bull 
Run  Mountains,  and  after  three  or  four  days  of 
severe  fighting  it  was  driven  through  Middleburg 
and  Upperville  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  Federal 
cavalry  thus  not  only  masked  the  movements  of 
its  own  army,  but  a  reconnoissance  to  the  top  of 
the  mountain  discovered  Lee's  whole  army  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  about  to  cross  the 
Potomac. 


Bronze  Monument,  26th  Penna.  Emergency  Regiment.    CHambersburg 
Street,  Edge  of  Town. 


THE  ADVANCE  OF  THE  ARMIES.       51 

Ewell's  corps  crossed  at  Williamsport  and 
Sheppardstown  on  June  22,  and  was  followed 
shortly  afterwards  by  Longstreet's  and  Hill's. 
Ewell,  with  Rodes's  and  Johnson's  divisions,  and 
Jenkins's  cavalry,  moved  rapidly  to  Chambers- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  and  up  the  Cumberland 
Valley  to  Carlisle,  arriving  there  June  27,  while 
Early 's  division  moved  to  Cashtown,  eight  miles 
from  Gettysburg,  and  on  the  26th  moved  to 
York  via  Mummasburg,  except  Gordon's  bri 
gade,  which,  accompanied  by  Early  in  person, 
entered  Gettysburg.  This  brigade  was  pre 
ceded  by  White's  cavalry,  which  charged  through 
the  town,  yelling  and  firing.  On  this  day  the 
26th  Emergency  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
which  there  was  a  company  of  college  boys  from 
Gettysburg,  arrived  from  Harrisburg  and  moved 
out  some  three  miles  towards  Cashtown,  where 
it  encountered  White's  cavalry  and  after  some 
skirmishing  retreated  towards  Harrisburg.  A 
home  company  of  the  2  ist  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
under  Captain,  afterwards  Major,  Bell,  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Memorial  Association, 
rendered  efficient  service  as  scouts,  and"  the 
first  soldier  killed  at  Gettysburg  was  of  this 
company.  The  Confederates  left  on  the  2  7th 
for  York,  before  Early's  requisition  for  money 
and  supplies  was  complied  with. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Federal  army  had  moved 


52  GETTYSBURG. 

rapidly  across  the  Potomac  to  Frederick,  Mary 
land.  Here,  on  June  27,  General  Hooker, 
having  asked  that  the  ten  thousand  troops  at 
Harper's  Ferry  under  General  French  be  as 
signed  to  his  command,  and  having  been  curtly 
refused  by  General  Halleck,  resigned.  General 
Meade,  of  the  Fifth  Corps,  who  had  been  with 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  its  organization, 
commencing  his  career  in  it  as  commander  of  a 
brigade  of  the  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  was,  on 
the  28th,  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  army, 
which  continued  its  march  northward,  east  of 
the  South  Mountain,  moving  in  three  columns, 
— the  left  wing,  under  General  Reynolds,  being 
preceded  by  Buford's  division  of  cavalry. 

On  the  night  of  the  29th,  Buford  discovered 
the  camp-fires  of  the  enemy  between  Monterey 
and  Fairfield,  and  upon  reporting  it  to  Reynolds, 
at  Emmittsburg,  early  on  the  3Oth  was  ordered 
to  move  to  Gettysburg.  He,  with  two  brigades 
of  cavalry,  entered  the  town  after  noon  as  Pet- 
tigrew's  brigade  of  Confederate  infantry  was 
approaching  on  the  Chambersburg  Road  with  a 
wagon-train  for  the  purpose  of  getting  supplies, 
especially  shoes,  in  the  town.  Upon  the  arrival 
of  Buford,  Pettigrew  withdrew  towards  Cash- 
town,  and  the  Federal  cavalry  went  into  camp 
on  the  Chambersburg  Pike  west  of  the  town. 

General  Buford  at  once  noticed  the  number 


THE  ADVANCE  OF  THE  ARMIES.        55 

of  roads  concentrating  in  the  town,  and  also 
believed  he  was  confronting  the  advance  of 
Lee's  army,  and  that  Gettysburg  was  to  be  the 
scene  of  a  great  battle.  He  said  to  Colonel 
Devin,  <(  In  the  morning  they  will  come  booming 
on,  three  lines  deep,  and  we  will  have  to  fight 
like  devils  to  hold  this  position." 

On  this  day,  the  3Oth,  Kilpatrick's  Federal 
cavalry  division,  moving  in  advance  of  the  centre 
of  Meade's  army,  encountered  Stuart's  cavalry 
in  the  town  of  Hanover,  some  sixteen  miles  east 
of  Gettysburg,  as  it  was  endeavoring  to  join 
Lee,  and  after  a  sharp  contest,  in  which  the  5th 
New  York  and  i8th  Pennsylvania  were  princi 
pally  engaged,  Stuart  withdrew.  As  Gregg's 
Federal  cavalry  division  was  moving  in  advance 
of  the  right  wing  of  the  army  still  farther  to  the 
east,  Stuart  was  compelled  to  move  towards  the 
Susquehanna  and  then  to  Carlisle,  where,  after 
a  ride  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles 
since  the  morning  of  the  3Oth,  he  arrived  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  ist,  only  to  find  that  the  Con 
federate  infantry  had  hastily  withdrawn  from 
there  and  gone  towards  Gettysburg.  After  a 
long,  circuitous,  and  hard  march  the  Confeder 
ate  cavalry  joined  its  army  during  the  battle, 
having  been  rendered  practically  useless  during 
the  advance  into  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  mean  time,  General  Lee,  having  been 


56  GETTYSBURG. 

deprived  of  the  aid  of  Stuart's  cavalry  in  keep 
ing  him  informed  of  the  movements  of  the 
Federal  army,  was  surprised  on  the  28th,  at 
Chambersburg,  to  learn  by  a  scout  that  it  had 
not  only  crossed  the  Potomac,  but  was  in  pur 
suit  and  being  manoeuvred  so  as  to  endanger 
his  army.  He  ordered  Longstreet  and  Hill  to 
move  from  the  vicinity  of  Chambersburg,  re 
called  Ewell  from  his  threatened  attack  upon 
Harrisburg,  and  Early  from  that  upon  Columbia, 
upon  the  Susquehanna,  and  hastily  directed  a 
concentration  of  his  army  east  of  the  South 
Mountain. 

The  two  great  armies,  the  mighty  antagonists 
that  had  met  and  fought  upon  so  many  fields, 
were  thus  approaching  each  other  for  the  stu 
pendous  and  memorable  contest  at  Gettysburg. 


THE  BATTLE. 

THE    FORCES    ENGAGED. WHAT   STATES   THEY 

REPRESENTED. 

THERE  were,  according  to  the  Field  Return 
of  June  30,  "  present  for  duty,  equipped,"  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  83,900  infantry  and  ar 
tillery,  including  the  Sixth  Corps  of  14,516,  but 
a  small  portion  of  which  was  actively  engaged 
in  the  battle,  and  10,800  cavalry,  while  from 
the  best  information  obtainable  the  Confederate 
army  at  the  same  time  had  upon  the  field  and 
engaged  about  70,000  infantry  and  artillery  and 
10,000  cavalry,  so  that  the  opposing  forces  were 
approximately  equal. 

The  Federal  army  was  composed  of  seven 
corps  of  infantry  and  one  of  cavalry,  while  the 
Confederate  army  had  but  three  corps  of  infan 
try  and  a  division  of  cavalry.  There  were  nine 
teen  Federal  divisions  of  infantry  as  against  but 
nine  Confederate  divisions,  but  all  the  sub 
divisions  of  the  latter  army  were  much  larger 
than  those  of  the  former.  For  illustration,  the 
largest  Federal  corps  was  the  Sixth,  with  14,516, 
and  the  smallest  was  the  Twelfth,  with  8193, 
while  Rodes's  Confederate  division,  by  the  Field 

59 


60  GETTYSBURG. 

Return  of  June  30,  had  present  for  duty  8042, 
and  the  smallest  division  in  that  army  was  7000 
strong.  The  one  division  of  Confederate  cav 
alry  was,  numerically,  almost  as  strong  as  the 
Federal  corps  of  cavalry  of  three  divisions. 
The  Confederate  regiments  were  on  an  average 
forty  per  cent,  larger  than  those  of  the  Federal 
army,  and  some  of  them  were  twice  as  large. 
The  Confederate  war  department  pursued  the 
wise  policy  of  putting  its  new  forces  into  old 
veteran  regiments,  thus  keeping  them  recruited, 
instead  of  organizing  new  regiments,  as  was 
done  in  the  North.  This  great  difference  in  the 
strength  of  divisions,  brigades,  and  regiments  in 
the  two  armies  should  be  borne  in  mind  when 
we  come  to  consider  them  as  they  contended 
with  one  another. 

It  is  remarkable  that  every  loyal  State  east  of 
the  Mississippi  except  one, — Kentucky, — to 
gether  with  Minnesota,  west  of  the  river,  and 
every  one  of  the  Confederate  States,  was  repre 
sented  by  troops  upon  the  field  of  Gettysburg. 

There  were  present  in  the  Federal  or  Union 
army  246  regiments  of  infantry,  34  of  cavalry, 
and  68  batteries  of  artillery,  and  in  the  Con 
federate  army,  171  regiments  of  infantry,  26  of 
cavalry,  and  68  batteries  of  artillery. 

They  were  divided  among  the  States  as 
follows : 


THE    BATTLE.  63 

In  the  Federal  army,  of  infantry,  Connecticut 
had  5  regiments  ;  Delaware,  2  ;  Illinois,  I  ; 
Indiana,  5  ;  Maine,  10  ;  Maryland,  3  ;  Massa 
chusetts,  1 8  ;  Michigan,  7  ;  Minnesota,  i  ;  New 
Hampshire,  3  ;  New  Jersey,  12  ;  New  York,  67  ; 
Ohio,  13  ;  Pennsylvania,  68  ;  Rhode  Island,  i  ; 
Vermont,  10  ;  Wisconsin,  6;  West  Virginia,  i. 
There  were  also  1 1  regiments  of  United  States 
Regulars  and  2  of  United  States  Sharp-shooters. 
Of  cavalry,  Pennsylvania  had  9  regiments  ;  New 
York,  7  ;  Michigan,  4  ;  Illinois,  2  ;  Indiana,  i  ; 
Maine,  i  ;  Massachusetts,  i  ;  Vermont,  i  ;  New 
Jersey,  i  ;  Maryland,  i  ;  Ohio,  i,  and  a  squad 
ron  ;  West  Virginia,  i,  and  a  squadron  ;  United 
States  Regulars,  4.  Of  artillery,  Connecticut 
had  3  batteries  ;  Maine,  3  ;  Maryland,  i  ; 
Massachusetts,  4  ;  Michigan,  i  ;  New  Hamp 
shire,  i  ;  New  Jersey,  2  ;  New  York,  15  ;  Ohio, 
4 ;  Pennsylvania,  5  ;  Rhode  Island,  5  ;  West 
Virginia,  i  ;  and  United  States  Regulars,  23. 

In  the  Confederate  army,  of  infantry,  Virginia 
had  41  regiments  ;  Georgia,  36  ;  North  Carolina, 
34  ;  Alabama,  1 7  ;  South  Carolina,  1 1  ;  Missis 
sippi,  1 1  ;  Louisiana,  10  ;  Tennessee,  3  ;  Florida, 
3  ;  Texas,  3  ;  Arkansas,  i  ;  and  Maryland,  i. 
Of  cavalry,  Virginia  had  19  regiments  ;  South 
Carolina,  3  ;  North  Carolina,  2  ;  Georgia,  2. 
Of  artillery,  Virginia  had  39  batteries  ;  Louisi 
ana,  7  ;  Georgia,  6  ;  South  Carolina,  5  ;  North 


64  GETTYSBURG. 

Carolina,  4 ;    Maryland,  4  ;    Alabama,  2  ;   and 
Mississippi,  i. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  with  the  excep 
tion  of  the  cavalry,  which  carried  breech-loading 
carbines,  all  the  troops  in  both  armies  were 
armed  with  muzzle-loading  rifles  and  muskets, 
and  that  the  artillery  was  of  muzzle-loading 
guns.  Before  the  close  of  the  war  many  infan 
try  regiments  were  armed  with  breech-loading 
rifles,  but  this  had  not  been  done  at  the  time  of 
Gettysburg.  In  considering  the  battles  of  the 
Rebellion,  the  character  of  the  arms  as  com 
pared  with  those  of  to-day  is  often  entirely 
overlooked. 

NOTE. — The  insignia  or  marks  of  the  several  Corps  of  the 
Federal  Army  of  the  Potomac  engaged  at  Gettysburg-  were 
as  follows  :  First  Corps,  a  full  moon,  Q) ;  Second,  a  clover 
leaf,  ^  ;  Third,  a  diamond  or  lozenge,  <0>  ;  Fifth,  a  Maltese 
cross,  ||3  ;  Sixth,  a  Greek  cross,  «y» ;  Eleventh,  a  crescent,  ^  ; 
Twelfth,  a  five  pointed  star,  ^  ;  Cavalry,  cross  sabres,  X  > 
Artillery,  cross  cannon,  X-  The  mark  of  the  Corps  to  which 
the  regiment  belonged,  it  will  be  noticed,  is  embraced  in  the 
designing  of  the  monuments  upon  the  field. 


9th  New  York  Cavalry  Monument— Granite  and  Bronze— First  Day's 
Field. 


FIRST  DAY'S  BATTLE,  JULY  i. 

GENERAL  BUFORD,  having  arrived  on  the  3Oth 
with  two  brigades  of  his  cavalry,  went  into  camp 
on  McPherson's  farm,  just  beyond  the  western 
limits  of  the  town.  His  position  was  upon  a 
ridge  sloping  west  to  Willoughby  Run.  Ve 
dettes  and  pickets  were  thrown  out  as  far  as 
Marsh  Creek,  three  miles  to  the  west,  as  also 
to  the  north,  and  the  roads  were  carefully 
patrolled. 

In  the  mist  of  the  early  morning  of  Wednes 
day,  July  i,  the  cavalry  pickets  posted  on  the 
Chambersburg  Pike  at  the  bridge  crossing 
Marsh  Creek  discovered  the  advance  of  the 
enemy,  being  the  head  of  Heth's  Confederate 
division,  which  had  moved  from  its  camp  at 
Cashtown,  about  four  miles  farther  west,  at  five 
o'clock.  One  of  the  pickets  rode  to  the  reserve 
with  the  information  and  the  other  rode  across 
the  bridge  to  reconnoitre.  He  was  hailed  by 
the  advance-guard  of  the  enemy,  but,  wheeling 
his  horse,  galloped  back  over  the  bridge  and 
down  behind  the  wall  of  the  abutment,  and  from 
that  position  fired  upon  the  enemy  the  first  shot 
of  the  battle. 

67 


68  GETTYSBURG. 

Apprised  of  the  position  of  the  Federal 
pickets,  the  Confederates  halted  and  prepared 
for  a  cautious  advance.  Archer's  Tennessee 
brigade  was  deployed  on  the  right  of  the  pike, 
and  Davis's  Mississippi  on  the  left,  a  strong  line 
of  skirmishers  was  thrown  out  in  advance  of 
both  brigades,  Marye's  Virginia  artillery,  posted 
on  Lohr's  Hill,  opened  fire,  and  the  advance 
commenced. 

On  the  other  hand,  additional  squadrons  of 
the  8th  Illinois  galloped  to  the  support  of  that 
on  picket  on  that  portion  of  the  line  which  did 
most  of  the  skirmishing.  These  dismounted 
cavalry  skirmishers  with  their  carbines  kept  up 
an  incessant  fire  upon  the  enemy,  and  by  con 
cealing  themselves  in  the  tall  grass  or  behind 
fences  and  bushes,  and  by  acting  so  boldly  as 
to  indicate  strong  support,  so  harassed  and  de 
layed  the  enemy  that  nearly  two  hours  were 
consumed  in  advancing  from  Marsh  Creek  to 
Willoughby  Run,  though  their  artillery  had  kept 
up  a  fire  successively  from  Lohr's,  Whistler's, 
and  School-House  Ridges. 

About  eight  o'clock  the  Confederates  reached 
the  little  stream  and  encountered  Gamble's  bri 
gade, — 8th  New  York,  8th  Illinois,  two  squad 
rons  of  the  1 2th  Illinois,  and  three  squadrons 
of  the  3d  Indiana  Cavalry, — which  Buford  had 
advanced,  in  line  of  battle,  dismounted,  to  the 


8th  Illinois  Cavalry,  near  Reynold's  Grove— First  Dr>y's  Field. 


FIRST    DAYS    BATTLE.  71 

creek.  Calef  s  horse  artillery,  Battery  A,  2d 
United  States,  of  six  3-inch  rifle-guns,  was  in 
position,  with  two  sections  on  the  pike  and  the 
other  in  rear  of  the  8th  New  York,  the  left  regi 
ment.  Farther  to  the  right  was  Devin's  brigade 
of  cavalry, — 6th  and  gth  New  York,  i  yth  Penn 
sylvania,  and  two  companies  of  the  3d  West 
Virginia, — holding  the  several  roads  from  the 
north  and  guarding  against  movements  from 
that  direction. 

For  nearly  two  hours  more  did  this  little  force 
— fighting  the  strong  infantry  brigades  of  Archer 
and  Davis,  supported  by  Pegram's  battalion  of 
five  batteries  of  artillery  posted  at  short  range 
on  Herr's  Hill — hold  the  enemy  in  check. 

General  Buford,  in  his  report,  says, — 

"  The  two  lines  soon  became  hotly  engaged,  we  having 
the  advantage  of  position,  the  enemy  of  numbers.  Gam 
ble's  brigade  held  its  own  for  more  than  two  hours.  Calef 's 
battery  fought  upon  this  field  as  is  seldom  witnessed.  At 
one  time  the  enemy  had  upon  it  a  concentric  fire  of  twelve 
guns  at  short  range,  but  Calef  worked  his  guns  deliberately 
and  with  wonderful  effect  upon  the  enemy.  The  brigade 
maintained  this  unequal  contest  until  the  First  Division  of 
the  First  Corps  came  up  to  its  assistance,  and  then  most  re 
luctantly  did  it  give  up  the  front,  a  portion  of  the  3d  Indi 
ana  continuing  to  fight  with  the  troops  that  relieved  them. 
Devin's  brigade  had  its  hands  full.  The  enemy  advanced 
upon  it  by  four  roads,  and  on  each  was  checked  until  the 
infantry  arrived  to  relieve  it. ' ' 


72  GETTYSBURG. 

A  little  after  nine  o'clock  General  Reynolds, 
riding  at  furious  speed,  arrived  upon  the  field 
in  advance  of  the  First  Corps,  and  was  merrily 
accosted  by  his  old  companion  Buford.  To 
gether  they  rode  along  the  line,  encouraging  the 
troopers  in  the  unequal  struggle,  while  a  staff- 
officer  was  sent  to  hurry  up  Wadsworth's  di 
vision  of  the  First  Corps,  which,  leaving  the 
Emmittsburg  Road,  on  which  it  was  marching, 
double-quicked  across  the  fields  and  arrived  in 
rear  of  the  line  held  by  the  cavalry  shortly 
before  ten  o'clock. 

Reynolds  at  once  posted  the  leading  brigade, 
Cutler's,  across  the  Chambersburg  Pike.  On  the 
right  of  the  pike  and  north  of  the  cut  of,  at  that 
time,  an  abandoned  railroad,  which  runs  almost 
parallel  with  the  pike,  in  the  order  named,  from 
right  to  left,  were  the  ;6th  New  York,  56th 
Pennsylvania,  i47th  New  York,  and  left  of  the 
pike  were  the  i4th  Brooklyn  and  the  95th  New 
York  Infantry,  the  7th  Indiana  of  the  brigade 
being  on  duty  with  the  trains  in  the  rear.  As 
the  right  regiments  moved  into  position  and  re 
lieved  the  cavalry  they  were  confronted  by  the 
42d  and  2d  Mississippi  and  55th  North  Carolina 
Infantry,  of  Davis's  brigade,  the  nth  Missis 
sippi  being  detached. 

In  naming  the  regiments  opposing  each  other, 
they  will  be  named  in  the  order  of  their  forma- 


FIRST    DAY'S    BATTLE.  75 

tion  from  right  to  left,  and  it  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  right  regiment  of  one  brigade  will 
ordinarily  face  the  left  one  of  the  opposing 
brigade. 

The  56th  Pennsylvania  was  the  first  to  move 
into  line,  and  as  it  did  so  it  immediately  opened 
fire  upon  the  2d  Mississippi.  The  other  two 
regiments  north  of  the  railroad  cut  at  once 
did  the  same,  and  Davis's  advance  was  halted. 
Hall's  Maine  battery  galloped  up  and  relieved 
Calef's.  On  the  left,  Meredith's  brigade — 
2d  and  7th  Wisconsin,  igth  Indiana,  and  24th 
Michigan  Infantry,  the  6th  Wisconsin  being  in  re 
serve  in  rear  near  the  seminary — advanced  upon 
McPherson's  woods,  now  known  as  Reynolds's 
Grove,  just  as  the  cavalry  was  being  forced  out 
of  it.  Opposed  to  it  was  Archer's  brigade, — 
ist  Tennessee,  I3th  and  5th  Alabama,  i4th 
and  7th  Tennessee  Infantry, — which  had  crossed 
Willoughby  Run  and  was  moving  up  through  the 
woods.  Meredith's  brigade  at  once  charged, 
the  2d  Wisconsin  entering  the  woods,  where  it 
fought  at  close  quarters,  while  the  7th  Wiscon 
sin,  1 9th  Indiana,  and  24th  Michigan,  farther  to 
the  left,  swept  down  to  and  across  the  creek 
and  up  the  slope  beyond,  taking  the  ist  Ten 
nessee  in  flank  and  the  rest  of  the  line  partially 
in  the  rear  while  the  2d  Wisconsin  fought  it  in 

o 

front,  compelling  Archer  and  a  number  of  men 


76  GETTYSBURG. 

to  surrender  and  the  rest  to  break  in  confusion. 
The  three  Federal  regiments  were  then  with 
drawn  across  the  creek  into  the  woods  and  the 
brigade  line  reformed  and  shortened,  the  7th 
going  to  right  of  the  2d  Wisconsin  and  the  24th 
Michigan  to  right  of  the  iQth  Indiana. 

General  Reynolds  had  returned  to  the  left  of 
the  line  as  the  2d  Wisconsin  was  charging  into 
the  woods,  and  while  riding  forward,  and  near 
the  edge  of  the  woods,  was  struck  in  the  head 
by  a  bullet  and  almost  instantly  killed.  This 
noble  Pennsylvanian,  who,  like  Meade,  had 
commanded  a  brigade  of  the  Pennsylvania  Re 
serves,  and  who  had  risen  to  the  command  of 
the  First  Corps,  one  of  the  idolized  chieftains  of 
the  army,  was  doomed  to  fall,  at  the  head  of  his 
troops,  upon  the  soil  of  his  native  State. 

General  Doubleday  succeeded  to  the  com 
mand  of  the  corps.  North  of  the  railroad  cut 
the  42d  and  2d  Mississippi  advanced  against 
the  76th  New  York,  56th  Pennsylvania,  and 
1 47th  New  York,  in  front,  while  the  55th  North 
Carolina,  overlapping  their  right,  wheeled  and 
took  them  in  flank.  The  two  right  regiments 
were  driven  back,  while  the  I47th  was  almost 
surrounded,  and  Hall's  Maine  battery,  on  its 
left,  lost  a  gun.  The  i4th  Brooklyn  and  95th 
New  York,  south  of  the  pike,  being  threatened 
in  rear,  were  hastily  withdrawn  a  short  distance 


FIRST    DAY  S    BATTLE.  79 

and  formed  a  new  line  facing  the  cut,  while  the 
6th  Wisconsin,  in  reserve  near  the  seminary, 
double-quicked  to  their  support,  and,  throwing 
two  companies  into  the  cut,  took  in  flank  the 
Confederates  who  had  taken  shelter  in  it.  Ex 
posed  to  front  and  flank  fires,  Davis  was  com 
pelled  to  retreat  with  great  loss,  the  prisoners 
including  a  large  portion  of  the  Mississippi  regi 
ments,  with  the  colors  of  the  2d  The  I4yth 
New  York  was  relieved  from  its  dangerous 
position  and  the  gun  taken  recaptured. 

It  was  now  eleven  o'clock,  and  Heth  reformed 
his  line.  Archer's  brigade  was  moved  farther  to 
the  right,  where  it  was  ht\d  in  check  by  Gam 
ble's  cavalry  brigade.  The  remnant  of  Davis's 
brigade  was  withdrawn  to  its  former  position, 
still  north  of  the  pike.  On  its  right,  occupying  the 
ground  Archer  had,  was  placed  Brockenbrough's 
Virginia  brigade,  while  on  the  right  of  the  latter 
was  Pettigrew's  North  Carolina  brigade.  Peg- 
ram's  battalion  of  five  batteries  was  reinforced  by 
the  eight  batteries  of  Garnett's  and  Mclntosh's 
battalions,  and  all  these  continued  the  fire  upon 
the  Federal  line. 

Upon  the  Federal  side,  Doubleday's  Pennsyl 
vania  division  of  the  First  Corps  had  arrived, 
with  the  remaining  four  batteries  of  the  corps. 
Biddle's  brigade,  the  i5ist  Pennsylvania  being 
left  in  reserve  near  the  seminary,  was  posted 


80  GETTYSBURG. 

on  the  left  of  the  woods  occupied  by  Meredith's 
in  the  following  order:  1426.  Pennsylvania,  2Oth 
New  York,  and  i2ist  Pennsylvania  Infantry, 
Cooper's  Pennsylvania  battery  being  between 
the  14.26.  and  2Oth.  The  brigade  was  opposed 
to  the  52d,  47th,  and  nth,  and  the  right  of 
the  26th  North  Carolina  Infantry,  of  Pettigrew's 
brigade,  the  left  of  the  26th  facing  the  woods. 
Stone's  Pennsylvania  brigade — i43d,  i4Qth, 
and  i5oth  Infantry — went  into  position  beyond 
McPherson's  barn,  on  the  right  of  Meredith's 
brigade,  and  confronted  at  first  the  remnant  of 
Davis's  Mississippi  brigade  and  the  47th  and 
55th  Virginia,  of  Brockenbrough's,  the  22d  and 
4Oth  of  the  latter  facing  Meredith's  brigade 
in  the  woods.  Reynolds's  New  York  battery 
took  position  in  rear  of  McPherson's  woods 
and  orchard,  and  Stewart's  United  States  and 
Stevens' s  Maine  batteries  in  the  rear  on  the 
slope  near  the  seminary.  Calef 's  United  States 
again  relieved  Hall's  Maine  on  the  pike.  After 
another  determined  attempt  upon  the  part  of 
the  Confederates  to  carry  the  line  held  by  the 
First  Corps,  and  after  another  hour  of  heavy 
musketry,  the  corps  still  retained  its  position 
against  fearful  odds. 

o 

A  little  after  one  o'clock,  as  Pender's  division 
of  Hill's  corps  was  about  to  reinforce  Heth's  in 
front,  a  new  danger  threatened  the  flank  and 


FIRST    DAY'S    BATTLE.  83 

rear  of  the  First  Corps.  Devin's  cavalry  dis 
covered  the  approach  of  Rodes's  large  division 
of  five  brigades  of  infantry  of  Ewell's  corps 
coming  from  the  north.  It  was  moving  along 
Oak  Ridge,  which  is  the  northern  prolongation 
of  Seminary  Ridge,  held  by  the  Federals. 

Fortunately,  Robinson's  division  of  the  First 
Corps  had  reached  the  field  some  time  before, 
and  was  lying  in  the  grove  near  the  seminary. 
Baxter's  brigade  moved  rapidly  to  the  Mum- 
masburg  Road  and  formed  along  it  in  this  order  : 
9Oth  Pennsylvania,  I2th  Massachusetts,  88th 
Pennsylvania,  83d  New  York,  97th  New  York, 
and  nth  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  just  as  O'Neal's 
Alabama  brigade  was  advancing  to  it.  Baxter's 
command  had  just  encountered  the  Alabama 
brigade  when  it  had  to  change  front  to  the  left 
to  meet  an  attack  by  Iverson's  North  Carolina 
brigade, — I2th,  23d,  2Oth,  and  5th  Infantry. 
Taking  position  behind  a  stone  wall  along  the 
crest  of  the  hill,  it  poured  destructive  volleys 
into  the  North  Carolinians  and  then  charged 
them,  while  the  right  regiments  of  Cutler's 
brigade,  which  had  been  withdrawn  to  the  ridge) 
swung  around  upon  their  flank.  Iverson  lost 
500  killed  and  wounded,  1000  prisoners,  and 
3  stands  of  colors,  the  88th  Pennsylvania  taking 
those  of  the  23d  North  Carolina  and  the  26th 
Alabama,  the  9;th  New  York  those  of  the  2oth 


84  GETTYSBURG. 

North  Carolina,  thus  making  the  third  success 
for  the  day  for  the. troops  of  the  First  Corps. 

O'Neal's  brigade  was  now  advancing  against 
the  right,  when  the  goth  Pennsylvania  was  put 
in  position  along  the  Mummasburg  Road  at 
right  angles  to  the  rest  of  the  brigade,  and 
Paul's  brigade  of  the  division — i3th  Massa 
chusetts,  io4th  New  York,  i6th  Maine,  io7th 
Pennsylvania,  and  94th  New  York  Infantry 
—moved  to  the  support  of  Baxter's,  extending 
and  strengthening  its  line,  a  portion  of  the  line 
being  nearly  parallel  with  the  Mummasburg 
Road  and  the  rest  at  right  angles  with  it  along 
the  ridge.  O'Neal's  Alabama  brigade — i  2th, 
26th,  6th,  and  5th  Infantry — attacked  the  right 
and  was  driven  back  in  confusion.  Ramseur's 
North  Carolina  brigade — Hth,  3Oth,  2d,  and 
4th  Infantry — reinforcing  Iverson's,  repeatedly 
attacked  the  front,  but  without  success. 

Another  of  Rodes's  brigades,  Daniel's  North 
Carolina,  moved  past  the  front  of  Robinson's 
division,  and  while  the  53d  Regiment  of  the 
brigade,  with  the  3d  Alabama,  of  O'Neal's, 
which  had  been  detached  from  its  brigade,  and 
the  1 2th  North  Carolina,  of  Iverson's,  attacked 
the  76th  New  York,  56th  Pennsylvania,  and 
i47th  New  York,  of  Cutler's  brigade,  on  the 
left  of  Robinson,  Daniel's  other  regiments — 
32d,  45th,  2d  (battalion),  and  the  43d  North 


FIRST    DAY'S    BATTLE.  87 

Carolina  Infantry — moved  farther  to  the  right 
around  to  the  railroad  cut  and  attacked  the  I43d 
and  1 49th  Pennsylvania,  of  Stone's  brigade, 
which  had  been  withdrawn  from  their  first 
position  and  placed  along  the  Chambersburg 
Pike  to  meet  this  attack.  These  regiments 
were  mostly  from  the  lumber  regions  of  Penn 
sylvania,  and  were  expert  riflemen,  and  the 
volleys  with  which  they  greeted  Daniel's  men 
were  said  by  Confederate  officers  to  be  the 
most  destructive  they  ever  witnessed. 

With  Rodes's  division  was  Carter's  battalion 
of  artillery  of  four  batteries,  which  took  posi 
tion  upon  Oak  Ridge  and  added  their  destruc 
tive  fire  to  those  of  Hill's  corps.  Still,  though 
exposed  to  this  fire  of  some  sixty  guns  and 
attacked  by  eleven  brigades,  the  First  Corps  of 
six  brigades  and  six  batteries  held  its  ground 
until  its  rear  was  threatened  by  the  repulse  of 
the  Eleventh  Corps. 

In  the  mean  time,  General  Howard  had  ar 
rived  and  succeeded  to  the  command.  His 
corps,  the  Eleventh,  now  commanded  by  Schurz, 
had  also  come  up,  and  Schurz's  and  Barlow's 
divisions  moved  rapidly  through  the  town  and 
formed  upon  the  open  level  ground  north  of  it, 
while  Steinwehr's  division  with  Weidrick's  New 
York  battery  remained  in  reserve  upon  East 
Cemetery  Hill,  south  of  the  town.  It  was  in- 


88  GETTYSBURG. 

tended  that  the  two  divisions  should  advance 
and  prolong  the  line  held  by  Robinson's  division 
along  Oak  Ridge.  But  after  nearly  an  hour  of 
manoeuvring,  these  troops  were  put  in  line  of 
battle,  in  the  open  low  fields,  where,  without 
shelter  of  any  kind,  they  were  exposed  to  a  very 
short-range  fire  of  Carter's  and  Page's  Virginia 
and  Reese's  Alabama  batteries,  posted  on  the 
ridge  they  were  to  occupy,  and  to  that  of  the 
5th  Alabama  Sharp-shooters.  At  about  2.30 
o'clock,  while  still  exposed  to  this  fire,  Von 
Amsberg's  brigade  of  Schurz's  division, — 6ist 
Ohio,  82d  Illinois,  74th  Pennsylvania,  45th  and 
1 5 7th  New  York  Infantry, — on  the  right  of  the 
Mummasburg  Road,  gallantly  advanced  and 
encountered  Doles's  Georgia  brigade  of  Rodes's 
division, — 2ist,  44th,  4th,  and  i2th  Infantry. 
Portions  of  O'Neal's  Alabama  brigade  rein 
forced  Doles's,  and  Krzyzanowski's  brigade — 
26th  Wisconsin,  iiQth  New  York,  75th  Penn 
sylvania,  and  82d  Ohio  Infantry — moved  to  the 
right  and  in  support  of  Von  Amsberg's,  while 
Dilger's  and  Heckman's  Ohio  and  Wheeler's 
New  York  batteries  engaged  those  of*  the 
enemy.  About  the  same  time  Barlow's  division 
rapidly  advanced  to  the  right  and  took  posi 
tion  on  higher  ground,  between  the  Carlisle 
and  Harrisburg  Roads. 

Barlow's  command  consisted  of  Von  Gilsa's 


2, 


FIRST    DAYS    BATTLE.  9! 

brigade, — 54th  New  York  and  i53d  Pennsyl 
vania  Infantry  (the  4ist  and  68th  New  York 
being  detached), — Ames's  brigade, — iyth  Con 
necticut,  25th,  75th,  and  loyth  Ohio  Infantry, — 
and  Wilkeson's  United  States  Battery.  These 
regiments  were  threatening  the  flank  and  rear 
of  Rodes's  division  when,  at  three  o'clock, 
Early' s  division,  coming  west  from  Heidlersburg, 
appeared  upon  their  flank,  and  while  the  bat 
teries  of  Jones's  battalion  of  artillery  enfiladed 
the  Eleventh  Corps  line,  Gordon's  Georgia 
brigade — 6oth,  3ist,  i3th,  6ist,  38th,  and  26th 
Infantry — suddenly  emerged  from  beyond  Rock 
Creek  and  attacked  Barlow's  division,  which 
made  a  desperate  resistance  and  then  fell  back 
to  the  Almshouse,  where  around  the  buildings 
it  maintained  itself  until  General  Barlow  had 
fallen  severely  wounded  and  Hays's  Louisiana 
brigade,  on  the  left  of  Gordon,  was  moving  upon 
its  rear,  when  it  retreated  to  Cemetery  Hill. 
In  the  mean  while,  Schurz's  division  had  been 
compelled  to  fall  back  to  the  cross-road  running 
from  the  Mummasburg  Road  to  the  Carlisle 
Road,  where  in  the  open  ground  it  continued 
to  fight  until  its  right  was  turned,  when  it  was 
driven  through  the  town,  several  of  the  regi 
ments,  however,  keeping  their  formation  and 
retreating  in  order. 

Hays's  Louisiana  and  Hoke's  North  Carolina 


92  GETTYSBURG. 

brigades,  of  Early' s  division,  which  were  moving 
to  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the  Eleventh  Corps, 
were  delayed  by  Devin's  cavalry  brigade  until 
Coster's  brigade  of  Steinwehr's  division  double- 
quicked  from  East  Cemetery  Hill  to  the  north 
east  of  the  town  to  aid  in  covering  the  retreat. 
The  73d  Pennsylvania  threw  up  a  barricade 
across  the  Harrisburg  Road  at  the  entrance  to 
the  town,  while  the  27th  Pennsylvania  and  1 34-th 
and  1 54th  New  York  Infantry  moved  out  and 
pluckily  encountered  the  enemy,  being  con 
fronted  by  Hays's  Louisiana  brigade, — 5th,  6th, 
7th,  8th,  and  gth  Infantry, — and  Hoke's  North 
Carolina  brigade, — 6th,  2ist,  and  57th  Infantry. 
Fighting  until  they  had  lost  half  their  numbers, 
while  Devin's  cavalry  continued  to  harass  the 
enemy  on  the  flank,  these  regiments  held  their 
positions  until  the  corps  reached  Cemetery  Hill, 
with  the  loss  of  more  than  a  thousand  prisoners, 
most  of  whom  were  taken  in  the  streets  through 
which  the  corps  crowded,  and  one  gun. 

The  withdrawal  of  the  £leventh  Corps  en 
dangered  the  First.  Robinson's  division,  as 
sailed  in  front  and  flank,  fighting  desperately, 
the  1 6th  Maine  being  almost  sacrificed  in  cov 
ering  the  movements,  fell  back  along  Oak  Ridge 
to  near  the  seminary,  after  which,  with  the  rest 
of  the  corps,  it  withdrew  to  Cemetery  Hill,  being 
the  last  troops  to  leave  the  field. 


i 7th  Penna.  Cavalry.     First  Day's  Field.     Horse  and  Rider,  Full  Size 
Cut  in  Granite, 


FIRST    DAY  S    BATTLE.  95 

Returning  to  the  left  of  the  line,  Meredith's 
brigade  still  held  McPherson's  woods,  with 
Stone's  brigade  on  its  right  on  the  pike  and 
Biddle's  on  its  left  in  the  open  field.  While  the 
fighting  had  been  going  on  on  the  right,  Brock- 
enbrough's  Virginia  brigade  had  again  assaulted 
the  woods  and  had  again  been  repulsed.  Petti- 
grew' s  had  also  made  a  desperate  attack  upon 
Biddle's  brigade.  The  52d  North  Carolina, 
overlapping  the  line,  had  attacked  the  i2ist 
Pennsylvania  on  the  left  in  flank,  compelling  it 
to  change  front,  and  the  47th  and  nth  North 
Carolina  encountered  the  2oth  New  York  and 
I42d  Pennsylvania,  while  at  the  same  time  the 
26th  North  Carolina,  fighting  its  way  up  by  the 
woods,  was  penetrating  a  gap  between  the  I42d 
Pennsylvania  and  the  igth  Indiana,  of  Meredith's 
brigade,  the  left  of  which  had  been  forced  back. 
At  this  juncture  the  I5ist  Pennsylvania,  which 
was  in  reserve  near  the  seminary,  rushed  to  the 
front  and  met  the  26th  North  Carolina  in  one 
of  the  bloodiest  struggles  that  took  place  on 
the  field,  as  will  be  noticed  when  the  losses  of 
these  regiments  are  stated.  The  Federal  line 
was,  however,  still  held. 

Pender's  division  of  Hill's  corps  now  also  ad 
vanced  to  the  attack.  Pettigrew's  was  relieved 
by  Perrin's  South  Carolina  brigade, — ist,  I4th, 
1 3th,  and  i2th  Infantry, — and  Brockenbrough's 


96  GETTYSBURG. 

was  relieved  by  Scales' s  North  Carolina  bri 
gade, —  1 6th,  22d,  34th,  1 3th,  and  38th  Infantry, 
— while  on  the  right  of  Perrin's  was  Lane's 
North  Carolina  brigade, — yth,  37th,  28th,  i8th, 
and  33d  Infantry, — Thomas's  Georgia  brigade 
being  kept  in  reserve.  These  three  brigades  at 
once  renewed  the  attack  upon  the  two  small 
Federal  brigades  of  Meredith  and  Biddle. 
Lane's  was,  however,  halted  by  the  fire  which 
Gamble's  brigade  of  dismounted  cavalry  poured 
into  its  flank  at  short  carbine  range,  while  'a 
mounted  regiment  threatened  it  with  a  charge 
in  front.  Scales' s  and  Perrin's  fresh  troops  con 
tinued  to  advance,  and  after  an  heroic  resist 
ance  the  decimated  commands  of  Meredith  and 
Biddle  were  forced,  step  by  step,  from  the  posi 
tions  they  had  held  for  so  many  hours  to  the 
open  grove  near  the  seminary,  where  they  con 
tinued  the  battle. 

Stone's  Pennsylvania  brigade  still  held  its 
position.  An  attempt  had  been  made  to  flank 
the  1 43d  and  i4Qth  on  the  pike,  but  the  i5Oth 
on  the  left  changed  front  forward  and  repulsed 
the  flanking  force.  Daniel's  North  Carolina 
and  the  remnant  of  Davis' s  Mississippi  brigades 
succeeded  in  crossing  the  railroad-cut,  and  met 
the  1 43d  and  I49th  face  to  face,  while  the  left 
regiments  of  Brockenbrough's  Virginia  brigade 
attacked  the  1 5oth  from  the  west ;  but  still  the 


Penna.,  Granite,  near  Chambersburg  Pike.  Color  Bearer  Shak 
ing  His  Fist  at  Advancing  Enemy  Before  Falling,  as  Noticed  by 
Gen.  Hill. 


FIRST    DAY  S    BATTLE.  99 

brigade  held  its  ground  until  almost  surrounded, 
Scales' s  brigade  having  passed  its  rear,  when  it 
withdrew  in  perfect  order  to  the  position  taken 
up  by  the  other  brigades  and  continued  fight 
ing. 

This  was  a  new  brigade,  and  this  was  really 
its  first  battle.  General  Doubleday  says  of  it, — 

"It  came  upon  the  field  shouting,  'We  have  come  to 
stay  !'  and  it  kept  the  promise.  Every  regiment  of  the 
brigade  changed  front  forward  and  two  changed  front  to 
the  rear  while  closely  engaged.  The  most  eminent  military 
writers  regard  the  first  movement  as  difficult  and  the  latter 
as  almost  impossible  to  be  executed  under  fire." 


It  was  with  the  1 5oth  that  old  John  Burns,  a 
citizen  of  the  town,  fought  with  his  squirrel 
rifle  until,  by  the  advice  of  Colonel  Wistar, 
he  went  into  the  woods  and  joined  the  7th 
Wisconsin. 

From  their  new  position  these  brigades  of 
Stone,  Meredith,  and  Diddle  maintained  the 
fight,  while  the  corps  artillery  poured  grape 
and  canister  into  the  double  lines  of  battle  ad 
vancing  upon  their  front  and  flank,  the  execu 
tion  of  Stewart's  Battery  B,  4th  United  States, 
upon  Scales' s  brigade  being  fearful.  Scales  says 
his  line  was  broken  up,  and  only  squads  here 
and  there  indicated  where  regiments  had  stood. 


IOO  GETTYSBURG. 

There  was  but  one  field-officer  left  in  this 
brigade. 

At  length,  at  4.30  o'clock,  the  First  Corps, 
after  contending  for  six  hours  against  more 
than  twice  its  numbers,  was,  by  the  withdrawal 
of  the  Eleventh  Corps,  compelled  to  withdraw 
to  Cemetery  Hill,  taking  back  all  its  artillery 
except  a  single  gun,  the  horses  of  which  had 
been  killed.  It  lost  but  one  flag,  that  of  the 
i5Oth  Pennsylvania,  whose  guard  having  all 
been  killed  or  wounded,  the  bearer,  being 
wounded,  sat  down  in  the  town  to  rest  and  was 
killed.  This  flag  was  presented  to  Jefferson 
Davis,  and  was  found  among  his  baggage  when 
he  was  captured. 

Keeping  more  to  the  west,  the  First  Corps 
avoided  the  streets,  which  were  crowded  with 
the  troops  of  the  broken  Eleventh  Corps,  and 
retired  in  good  order  to  Cemetery  Hill,  Gam 
ble's  brigade  of  cavalry  covering  its  retreat,  as 
Devin's  had  that  of  the  Eleventh. 

General  Meade  was  back  at  Taneytown  when 
he  received  news  of  General  Reynolds's  death 
and  a  message  from  Buford  urging  him  to 
send  some  one  to  take  command.  He  had  in 
the  mean  time  directed  General  Hancock  to 
turn  over  the  command  of  the  Second  Corps 
to  General  Gibbon  and  proceed  to  Gettysburg. 
Hancock  arrived  just  as  the  Eleventh  Corps 


FIRST    DAY  S    BATTLE.  1 03 

reached  Cemetery  Hill.  He  at  once  restored 
order  and  inspired  confidence.  The  batteries 
were  placed  so  as  to  sweep  the  approaches  to 
the  hill,  he  personally  putting  Stewart's  upon 
the  Baltimore  Pike.  The  Eleventh  Corps  was 
posted  along  Cemetery  Hill,  while  Wadsworth's 
division  of  the  First  went  into  position  on  its 
right  on  Culp's  Hill,  and  Robinson's  and  Dou- 
bleday's  prolonged  the  line  to  the  left  of  the 
Eleventh.  Farther  to  the  left,  towards  Round 
Top,  was  Buford's  cavalry.  General  Hancock 
said,  ''The  splendid  spectacle  of  that  gallant 
cavalry  as  it  stood  there,  unshaken  and  un 
daunted,  was  one  of  the  most  inspiring  sights 
of  my  military  experience."  About  five  o'clock 
General  Sickles  arrived  from  Emmittsburg  with 
portions  of  the  Third  Corps,  and  extended  the 
line  nearly  to  Round  Top.  An  hour  later, 
General  Slocum  came  up  with  the  Twelfth 
Corps,  Williams' s  division  going  on  the  right  of 
Wadsworth's,  and  Geary's  on  the  extreme  left, 
on  the  slope  of  Round  Top.  During  the  night 
the  Second  Corps  reached  the  field  and  went 
into  position  between  the  First  and  Third. 
Slocum,  outranking  Hancock,  assumed  com- 

o 

mand  until  General  Meade  arrived  at  midnight. 
Fortunately,    the   enemy  had   failed   to  take 
advantage  of  its  success  and  attack  the  posi 
tion  until  the  arrival  of  these  fresh  troops  had 


IO4  GETTYSBURG. 

made  it  secure,  and  the  battle  of  the  first  day 
was  ended. 


Having  related  where  the  several  commands 
fought  on  that  day,  it  may  be  interesting  to 
consider  how  they  fought,  as  shown  by  the 
losses  they  suffered. 

In  order  to  anticipate  criticism  and  question 
ing  of  the  correctness  of  the  figures  here  given, 
it  should  be  understood  that  the  losses  in  the 
Federal  regiments  are  taken  from  the  official 
reports.  Of  course,  subsequent  information 
shows  that  these  figures  should  be  revised. 
Many  of  those  reported  missing,  it  was  after 
wards  learned,  were  either  killed  or  wounded, 
and  on  an  average  a  fourth  of  the  missing 
should  be  added  to  the  killed  or  wounded.  In 
inscriptions  upon  many  of  the  monuments  these 
corrections  have  been  made,  the  Memorial  As 
sociation  being  furnished  with  the  names  of  the 
killed  and  wounded  in  affidavits  of  those  com 
petent  to  make  them.  But,  to  save  confusion, 
the  figures  will  be  taken  from  the  official  reports, 
and  the  reader  can  bear  in  mind  that  in  most 
instances  a  fourth  of  the  missing  should  be 
added  to  the  killed  and  wounded,  in  many  cases 
the  percentage  being  even  higher.  This  will 
be  just  to  all  the  commands.  As  to  the  Con 
federate  reports,  unfortunately,  little  reliance 


FIRST   DAY'S    BATTLE.  IOJ 

can  be  placed  in  their  accuracy,  the  losses  being 
generally  understated.  For  instance,  they  re 
port  a  loss  at  Gettysburg  of  captured  or  missing 
of  5150,  while  the  record  of  prisoners  of  war 
in  the  office  of  the  Adjutant-General  at  Wash 
ington  bears  the  names  of  12,227  captured  at 
Gettysburg  from  July  i  to  5.  Again,  for  Tver- 
son's  brigade,  there  is  a  report  of  308  captured 
or  missing,  while  Robinson's  division  captured 
over  1000  of  that  brigade  in  one  charge. 
There  is  not  much  doubt  that  this  understate 
ment  of  losses  upon  the  part  of  the  Confeder 
ates  was  not  only  sanctioned  but  required  by 
their  war  department  and  the  commander  of 
their  army,  as  is  shown  by  the  following 
general  order : 


"  GENERAL  LEE'S  ORDERS,  No.  63. 

"  HEAD-QUARTERS  OF  ARMY  OF  NORTHERN 
"  VIRGINIA,  May  14,  1863. 

"  The  practice  which  prevails  in  the  army  of  including  in 
the  list  of  casualties  those  cases  of  slight  injuries  which  do 
not  incapacitate  the  recipients  for  duty  is  calculated  to 
mislead  our  friends  and  encourage  our  enemies  by  giving 
false  impressions  as  to  the  extent  of  our  losses. 

"The  loss  sustained  by  brigade  or  regiment  is  by  no 
means  an  indication  of  the  services  performed  or  perils 
encountered,  as  experience  shows  that  those  who  attack 
rapidly,  vigorously,  and  effectually  generally  suffer  the  least. 
It  is  therefore  ordered  that  in  the  future  the  reports  of  the 
wounded  shall  include  only  those  whose  injuries,  in  the 


IO8  GETTYSBURG. 

opinion  of  medical  officers,  render  them  unfit  for  duty. 
It  has  also  been  observed  that  the  published  reports  of 
casualties  are  in  some  instances  unaccompanied  by  a  state 
ment  of  the  number  of  men  taken  into  action.  The  Com 
manding  General  deems  it  unnecessary  to  do  more  than 
direct  the  attention  of  the  officers  to  the  impropriety  of 
thus  furnishing  the  enemy  with  the  means  of  computing 
our  strength,  in  order  to  insure  the  immediate  suppression 
of  this  pernicious  and  useless  custom. 

"  By  command  of  General  Lee, 

"W.  H.  TAYLOR, 
"  Assistant  Adjutant-  General. ' ' 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  policy  of  under 
stating  the  losses  upon  the  Confederate  side 
was  pursued,  and  that  they  cannot  be  given 
with  exactness,  for  it  would  not  only  be  interest 
ing  but  a  fitting  tribute  to  the  bravery  of  the 
troops. 

The  same  modesty,  however,  was  not  always 
shown  in  reporting  successes.  Especially  was 
this  so  with  Brockenbrough's  Virginia  brigade, 
which  is  reported  by  General  Heth  as  having 
captured  two  stands  of  colors,  ''the  names  of 
those  who  did  it  and  the  regiments  to  which  the 
flags  belonged,  unfortunately,  not  being  given," 
he  says.  There  was  a  good  reason  for  this 
failure  to  give  particulars,  for  the  only  Federal 
flag  taken  on  that  line  was  that  of  the  i49th 
Pennsylvania,  which  was  placed  to  the  left  of  that 
regiment  at  the  railroad  cut  to  deceive  and  en- 


?d_Wisconsin  in  Reynold's  Grove. 


FIRST    DAY  S    BATTLE.  I  I  I 

tice  the  enemy,  and  which  was  captured  by  men 
of  Davis' s  Mississippi  brigade  after  all  the  guard 
had  fallen.  It,  however,  was  recaptured  in  a 
charge  by  the  1 5oth  Pennsylvania.  The  colors 
of  the  latter  regiment  were  taken  in  the  town 
by  men  of  Daniel's  North  Carolina  brigade,  in 
the  manner  before  stated.  Again,  care  was  not 
observed  even  in  making  the  reports  of  losses 
that  were  made,  as  shown  in  Lane's  brigade, 
whose  losses  in  the  battle  are  stated  in  the  offi 
cial  report  as  389  and  in  another  of  August  1 3 
as  660. 

Then,  in  considering  the  losses  of  Archer's, 
Davis's,  Pettigrew's,  Scales's,  and  Lane's  bri 
gades,  it  must  be  remembered  that  they  partici 
pated  in  Longstreet's  assault,  July  3,  and  that 
their  reported  losses  include  those  for  both 
days,  as  do  those  of  O'Neal's  and  Daniel's  in 
clude  the  losses  in  their  fight  at  Gulp's  Hill  on 
the  3d. 

From  the  interesting  statistics  compiled  by 
Colonel  Fox  in  his  "Regimental  Losses,"  and 
the  revised  reports  of  the  War  Department,  it 
would  appear  that  there  were  about  three 
killed  or  mortally  wounded  to  seven  otherwise 
wounded. 

Commencing  on  the  left,  where  the  battle  was 
opened  by  the  First  Corps,  the  losses  were, — 


112  GETTYSBURG. 

REYNOLDS'S  GROVE  AND  VICINITY. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 
Cutler'  's  Brigade. 


56th  Penna  ......  74  56  130  252 

76th  N.  Y  ......  164  70  234  378 

1  4th  Brooklyn  .  .  .  .  118  99  217  .  . 

95th  N.  Y  ......  69  46  115 

I47th  N.  Y  ......  177  92  269  380 

Total  ......  602     363     965     .  . 

In  only  a  few  instances  is  the  number  engaged 
reported. 

Subsequent  reports  show  that  of  the  ninety- 
two  missing  in  the  147^1  New  York,  40  were 
found  to  have  been  killed  or  severely  wounded. 

The  dead  of  this  regiment  distinctly  marked 
the  line  it  held  with  great  regularity. 

Meredith?  s  Briade. 


*•*--«.  »  Missing. 

2d  Wis  .......    182              51  233  302 

6th  Wis  .......    146             22  168  .    . 

7th  Wis  .......    126             52  178  .    . 

I9th  Ind  .......    160             50  210  338 

24th  Mich  .....  .    .    272             91  363  496 

Total  ......    886  266         1152 

The  24th  Michigan  was  a  new  regiment,  this 
being  its  first  battle.  It  suffered  the  greatest 
numerical,  but  not  the  greatest  pro  rata,  loss 
of  any  Federal  regiment  in  the  battle.  It  had 


24th  Michigan  in  Reynold's  Grove.    Granite. 


FIRST   DAY'S   BATTLE.  115 

7  color-bearers  killed  and  all  the  guard  killed 
or  wounded. 

Stone's  Brigade. 

Regiment.                        ^UtrndS?  Missin&-  Toss*1  Engaged. 

I43d  Penna 162  91  253            465 

I49th  Penna 225  in  336           450 

I5oth  Penna 187  77  264            397 

Total 574  279  853          1312 

This,  as  before  stated,  was  the  first  battle  for 
this  splendid  brigade,  and  it  here  commenced 
its  brilliant  record. 

Biddle"  s  Brigade. 

2oth  N.  Y 146  24  170  287 

1 21  st  Penna 118  61  179  306 

I42d  Penna 141  70  21 1  362 

I5ist  Penna 237  100  337  467 

Total 642     255     897    1422 

The  1 5 1  st  Pennsylvania  was  one  of  the  two 
Pennsylvania  nine  months'  regiments  engaged 
in  the  battle,  and  whose  time  expired  in  a  few 
days.  In  it  were  several  companies  recruited 
from  academies,  one  company  being  exclusively 
composed  of  boys  from  the  academy  in  Juniata 
County,  of  which  Colonel  McFarland,  who  here 
lost  his  leg,  was  the  principal,  and  in  the  regi 
ment  were  over  a  hundred  who  had  been  school 
teachers. 


I  I  6  GETTYSBURG. 

It  contended  for  most  of  the  time  with  the 
26th  North  Carolina,  which  lost  584  out  of  800 
engaged,  and  also  for  a  time  with  the  i2th 
South  Carolina.  The  manner  in  which  it  fought 
is  not  only  shown  by  its  loss,  twenty-five  of  the 
missing,  as  it  was  afterwards  learned,  being 
among  the  killed,  but  General  Heth,  in  his  re 
port,  speaking  of  the  line  held  by  this  regiment, 
says  the  "  dead  of  the  enemy  marked  its  line 
of  battle  with  the  accuracy  of  a  line  at  a  dress 
parade." 

Artillery  Brigade. 


Hall's  Me  ...................  18 

Stevens's  Me  ..................  23 

Reynolds's  N.  Y  ................  17 

Cooper's  Penna.      .        .............  II 

Stewart's  U.  S  .................  36 

Total    ........  '  ..........  105 

Gamble  's  Cavalry  Brigade. 

Regiment.                                                                   KUledaad  Mlssi 

8th  111  ...............      6  i 

I2th  111  ...............    14  6 

3d  Ind  ..........        ....    27  5 

8th  N.  Y  ..............    24  16 

Calef's  U.  S.  Battery     ........    12 

Total    .............    83  28 


CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 

The  losses  of  the  enemy  facing  these  troops 
during  the  day,  as  reported,  were,  — 


FIRST    DAYS    BATTLE. 
Dam's1  s  Mississippi  Brigade. 


2d  Miss  ...................    232 

42d  Miss  ...................    265 

55th  N.  C  ..................    198 

Total  .................    695 

There  are  no  missing  reported  for  the  brigade, 
though  the  greater  part  of  the  first  two  regi 
ments  was  captured.  A  portion  of  the  other 
losses  was  suffered  on  the  3d. 

Archer"  s  Tennessee  Brigade. 

• 

The  1  3th  Alabama,  5th  Alabama,  ist  Ten 
nessee,  7th  Tennessee,  and  i4th  Tennessee  re 
port  a  loss  of  1  60  killed  and  wounded  and  517 
missing,  75  of  which  were  captured  on  the  ist, 
the  rest  being  lost  on  the  3d. 

BrockenbrougW  $  Virginia  Brigade. 
The  4oth,  47th,  55th,  and  22d  (battalion)   re 
ported  a  total  loss  of  killed  and  wounded  of  1  48. 

Pettigrew  's  North  Carolina  Brigade. 

Killed  and 
Regnnent.  wounded. 

nth  N.  C  ..................  209 

26th  N.  C  ..................  588 

47th  N.  C  ..................  161 

52dN.C  ..................  147 

Total    .............    ....    1105 


1  2O  GETTYSBURG. 

The  loss  of  the  26th  should  be  584,  and  of 
the  remaining  216,  130  were  lost  on  the  3d,  its 
total  loss  in  the  battle  being  588  killed  and 
wounded  and  126  missing  out  of  800  engaged. 
One  company,  3  officers  and  84  men,  lost  all 
but  one. 

A  company  in  the  nth  went  into  the  fight 
with  3  officers  and  35  men  and  lost  2  officers 
and  3  1  men,  the  captain  and  4  men  going  into 
the  fight  on  the  3d  and  3  of  them  being  killed 
or  wounded. 

This  brigade  lost  over  500  additional  on  the  3d. 

* 

Scales'1  's  North  Carolina  Brigade. 

a-*-""- 

1  3th  N.  C  ..................    126 

i6th  N.  C  ..................     66 

22d   N.  C  ...................        89 

34th  N.  C  .............    .....      64 

38th  N.  C  ..................      79 

Total  ..................    424 

Missing,  no. 

The  missing  and  probably  100  of  the  others 
were  lost  on  the  3d. 

Perrin's  South  Carolina  Brigade. 


ist  S.  C  ...................  95 

1st  S.  C.  Rifles  ..............        .  n 

1  2th  S.  C  ...................  132 

1  3th  S.  C  ........    ..  ..  .    ........  130 

I4th  S.  C  ...................  209 

Total  .................  577 


i47th  N.  Y.     Front  of  Seminary,  near  Railroad  Cut. 


FIRST   DAYS    BATTLE.  123 

Lane's  North  Carolina  brigade  suffered  but 
slight  loss  on  the  first  day,  probably  not  over 
1  20,  it  being  engaged  but  slightly.  Most  of 
its  reported  loss  occurred  on  the  3d,  the  total 
being  660. 

Daniel  's  North  Carolina  Brigade. 


32d  N.  C  ...................  142 

43<1  N.  C  ...................  147 

45th  N.  C  ..................  219 

53d  N.  C  ...................  117 

2d  N.  C.  Battalion    ..............  153 

Total  ..................    778    ' 

Missing,  116. 

The  loss  of  this  brigade  on  the  first  day  was 
approximately  750. 

Pegram's,  Mclntosh's,  and  Garnett's  artil 
lery  reported  84  killed  and  wounded  and  16 
missing. 

The  total  Federal  losses  in  the  vicinity  of 
Reynolds'  s  Grove  in  the  brigades  of  Cutler, 
Meredith,  Stone,  and  Biddle,  constituting  the 
divisions  of  Wadsworth  and  Doubleday  (tem 
porarily  under  the  command  of  Rowley),  and 
including  those  of  the  corps  artillery  and  Gam 
ble's  cavalry,  were  2880  killed  and  wounded 
and  1191  missing,  while  those  of  the  eight  Con 
federate  brigades  opposing  them  were,  accord 
ing  to  their  imperfect  reports,  3971  killed  and 
wounded  and  317  missing. 


1 24  GETTYSBURG. 

OAK    RIDGE. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 
Baxter's  Brigade. 


Regiment. 

Killed  and     ,T.    . 
wounded.      MlSSlnS- 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

uthPenna, 

....        70                 62 

132 

292 

88th  Penna 

....     59            51 

no 

296 

90th  Penna 

....      50            44 

94 

208 

83d  N.  Y.     . 

....      24             58 

82 

.     . 

97th  N.  Y 

....      48             78 

126 

.     . 

1  2th  Mass.     . 

•    •    •    •     57            59 

116 

.     . 

Total 

....   308          352 

660 

Paul's  Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Killed  and     , 
wounded.      MlsslnS- 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

1  3th  Mass.      . 

....      84           ioi 

185 

94th  N.  Y. 

....        78               I75 

253 

.     . 

I04th  N.  Y 

....      IO2                  92 

194 

.     . 

io7th  Penna. 

....        67                  98 

165 

255 

i6th  Me 

....      68           164 

232 

298 

Total 

....    399           630 

1029 

.     . 

CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 

The  losses  of  the  enemy  opposing  these  two 
brigades  were,— 

O"1  Neaf  s  Alabama  Brigade. 

«•"—'•  —3d 

3d  Ala 91 

6th  Ala 131 

1 2th  Ala ' 8;, 

26th  Ala 130 

Total 435 

Missing,  193. 


i3th  Mass.      Oak  Ridge,  near  Mummasburg  Road.      Granite  Statue  of 
Color  Bearer.     Where  He  Fell. 


FIRST   DAY  S   BATTLE.  I  2  / 

Tver  sort  's  North  Carolina  Brigade. 

SSSffl? 

5th  N.  C  ...................    143 

I2th  N.  C  ..................     56 

20th  N.  C  ..................     122 

23d  N.  C  ...................    134 

Total  ..................   455 

Missing,  308. 

Ramseur1  s  North  Carolina  Brigade. 


Regiment.  e^n        Missing 

2d  N.  C  ...........  31  i  32 

4th  N.  C.   ..........  32  24  56 

I4th  N.  C  ..........  42  2  44 

30th  N.  C  ..........  40  5  45 

Total  ..........    145  32  177 

A  portion  of  the  loss  of  O'Neal's  brigade 
was  incurred  at  Gulp's  Hill  on  the  morning  of 
the  3d.  It  is  known  that  Iverson  lost  in  prison 
ers  over  1000,  and  at  one  time  he  reported  his 
loss  in  killed  and  wounded  at  500. 

The  total  losses  of  the  brigades  of  Baxter  and 
Paul,  Robinson's  division,  First  Corps,  on  Oak 
Ridge  were  707  killed  and  wounded  and  982 
missing,  and  those  of  the  troops  opposing  them 
were  955  killed  and  wounded  and  at  least  1400 
missing. 

The  total  losses  of  the  First  Corps  this  day 
were  3587  killed  and  wounded  and  2173  missing, 
while  those  of  the  enemy  confronting  it  were 
4926  killed  and  wounded  and  1717  missing. 


128  GETTYSBURG. 

ELEVENTH  CORPS,  LINE. 

It  is  a  great  injustice  to  the  troops  of  the 
Eleventh  Corps  to  suppose,  as  is  often  done, 
that  they  did  not  fight  with  bravery  on  July  i, 
and  nothing  more  eloquently  tells  of  the  courage 
they  exhibited  while  exposed  in  the  open  level 
ground  to  the  fire  of  eighteen  guns  than  the 
statement  of  their  losses. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 
Von  Amsberg  s  Brigade. 

Regiment.  ^illed^d     Missing>          Total         £ngaged 


82d  111. 

2~" 

89 

112 

45th  N.  Y.    . 

....     45 

1  68 

2I3 

I57th  N.  Y. 

....    193 

114 

307 

6istOhio  .    . 

42 

12 

54 

74th  Penna.  . 

....     50 

70 

120 

Total      . 

•    •        -    353 

453 

806 

Krzyzanowski\s  Brigade. 


Regiment. 

Killed  and     »».     . 
wounded.      Mlssmg- 

ii9th  N.Y.  .    .    . 

.    .     81            59 

82d  Ohio  .... 

.      .     IO2                 89 

26th  Wis.     .    .    . 

.     .      155                  62 

75th  Penna.      .    . 

.    .    128              3 

Total 

.     4-66             213 

™  I^cd 

140  .         . 

217  .         . 

131  208 

679  .         . 


Von  Gilsd1  s  Brigade. 


Regiment.                                                   wounded*  MissinS'  Total« 

54th  N.  Y  ..........      54  48            102 

I53d  Penna  ..........    165  46            211 

Total  ..........    219  94           313 


74th  Penna.     nth  Corps  I«ine.     The  Falling  Color  Bearer.     Granite. 


FIRST   DAYS   BATTLE.  13! 

Ames's  Brigade. 


woundfd' 

1  7th  Conn  ......    101  96  197  386 

25th  Ohio    .....    109  75  184 

75th  Ohio    .....      90  96  186 

loyth  Ohio  .....    134  77  211 

Total    .....   434          344  778 

Coster's  Brigade. 

Killed  and     Ml.    .  Total 

Regiment.  wounded.     MlssmS-         loss. 

27th  Penna  ..........   34     77     m 

I34th  N.  Y  ..........  193     59     252 

1  54th  N.  Y  ..........  22    178     200 

Total     .........   249          314  563 

Corps  Artillery. 

Wheeler's  N.  Y.  Battery    ........  8  3 

Dilger's  Ohio  Battery     .........  13 

Heckman's  Ohio  Battery  ........  13  2 

Wilkeson's  U.  S.  Battery  ........  13  4 

Total    ..............    47  9 

1  CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 

The    losses    of    the    enemy    opposing    the 
Eleventh  Corps  were,  — 

Doles'  s  Georgia  Brigade. 

Killed  and       ,,.    .  Total 

Regiment.  wounded.        Mlssl"g-         loss. 

4th  Ga  ............  38  7  45 

!2thGa  ...........  39  I0  49 

2ist  Ga  ...........  12  7  19 

44th  Ga  ...........  9  5$  67 

5th  Ala.  (O'Neal's  Brigade)  .    .  209  .    .  209 

Total  ..........  3°7  82         389 


132  GETTYSBURG. 

A.  part  of  the  loss  of  this  brigade  was  caused 
by  the  flank  fire  of  the  right  regiments  of  Paul's 
brigade  of  the  First  Corps. 

Gordon'  s  Georgia  Brigade. 


I3th  Ga.      .    .    .    .......    103  .    .  103 

26th  Ga  ...........        6  5  II 

3ist  Ga  ...........  43  43 

38th  Ga  ...........  63  29             92 

6othGa  ...........  33  5            38 

6istGa  ...........  93  93 

Total  ..........    341  39  380 

Hays's  brigade,  63  ;   Hoke's,  145. 

The  total  losses  of  the  Eleventh  Corps  on 
this  day,  in  less  than  two  hours,  were  1768 
killed  and  wounded  and  1427  missing.  Those 
of  the  enemy,  as  reported,  were  856  killed  and 
wounded  and  121  missing. 

The  casualties  in  the  Eleventh  Corps  were 
in  a  great  measure  caused  by  the  terrific  artil 
lery  fire  of  Carter's  eighteen  guns  posted  on 
Oak  Ridge,  but  a  short  distance  in  front. 

The  Federal  losses  for  the  clay  in  the  two 
corps  were  5355  killed  and  wounded  and  3600 
missing.  The  Confederate  losses  were  5882 
killed  and  wounded  and  1838  missing. 

Among  the  casualties  were  General  Rey 
nolds,  killed  ;  Generals  Meredith,  Stone,  and 
Biddle,  Colonel  Wistar,  who  succeeded  Stone 
in  command  of  the  brigade,  General  Paul,  shot 


_    c/i 


*% 


FIRST    DAYS    BATTLE.  135 

through  both  eyes,  Colonels  Leonard,  Root,  and 
Coulter,  succeeding  to  the  command  of  the  bri 
gade,  wounded.  Besides  these  were  the  colonel 
and  lieutenant-colonel  2d  Wisconsin,  lieutenant- 
colonel  7th  Wisconsin,  lieutenant-colonel  iQth 
Indiana,  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  major 
24th  Michigan,  major  commanding  76th  New 
York,  colonels  95th  and  i47th  New  York,  major 
commanding  88th  Pennsylvania,  colonel  i42d 
Pennsylvania,  colonel  and  major  i49th  Pennsyl 
vania,  colonel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  major 
i5oth  Pennsylvania,  colonel  1 5  ist  Pennsylvania, 
of  the  First  Corps,  and  General  Barlow,  and  the 
colonels  of  the  1 7th  Connecticut,  26th  Wisconsin, 
82d  Ohio,  and  i  igth  New  York,  of  the  Eleventh. 

Of  the  28  regiments  of  the  First  Corps  en 
gaged  this  day,  there  were  1 1  of  Pennsylvania, 
9  of  New  York,  3  of  Wisconsin,  2  of  Massa 
chusetts,  i  of  Indiana,  i  of  Michigan,  and  i  of 
Maine.  Of  the  48  regiments  opposing  them 
there  were  28  of  North  Carolina,  6  of  Alabama, 
5  of  South  Carolina,  4  of  Virginia,  3  of  Ten 
nessee,  and  2  of  Mississippi. 

Of  the  20  regiments  of  the  Eleventh  Corps 
engaged,  there  were  7  of  New  York,  5  of  Ohio, 
5  of  Pennsylvania,  i  of  Connecticut,  i  of  Illi 
nois,  i  of  Wisconsin  ;  and  of  the  19  regiments 
opposing  them,  10  were  of  Georgia,  5  of  Louisi 
ana,  3  of  North  Carolina,  and  i  of  Alabama. 


SECOND   DAY'S   BATTLE,  JULY    2. 

ON  the  morning  of  Thursday,  July  2,  the  po 
sition  of  the  Federal  troops,  which  remained 
nearly  the  same  during  the  remainder  of  the 
battle,  was  as  follows  : 

Slocum's  Twelfth  Corps  had  the  right,  Wil- 
liams's  division  occupying  an  irregular  line,  run 
ning  from  Rock  Creek  by  way  of  Spangler's 
Spring  to  Culp's  Hill,  and  Geary's  division 
being  posted  on  the  hill,  having  been  moved 
from  its  former  position  near  Round  Top. 
Wadsworth's  division  of  the  First  Corps  held 
the  line  between  Culp's  Hill  and  Cemetery  Hill. 
At  the  foot  of  Cemetery  Hill  was  Barlow's 
division  of  the  Eleventh  Corps,  now  commanded 
by  Ames  ;  on  the  hill,  across  the  pike,  was  the 
division  of  Schurz,  of  the  same  corps,  and  on 
the  left  of  it  was  that  of  Steinwehr.  On  the  left 
of  Steinwehr  was  Robinson's  division  of  the 
First  Corps  (the  corps  now  being  commanded 
by  Newton),  extending  across  the  Taneytown 
Road  as  far  as  Zeigler's  Grove,  while  Double- 
day's  division  of  the  same  corps  was  in  reserve 
in  rear.  On  the  left  of  Zeigler's  Grove  was 
Hancock's  Second  Corps,  the  divisions  of  Hays, 


Meade's  Headquarters. 


I^ee's  Headquarters. 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE.  I  3Q 

Gibbon,  and  Caldwell,  then  Sickles's  Third 
Corps,  the  divisions  of  Humphreys  and  Birney. 
Later  in  the  day,  the  Fifth  Corps,  under  Sykes, 
which  had  marched  all  night  from  Hanover  and 
arrived  in  the  early  morning,  near  where  Rock 
Creek  crosses  the  Baltimore  Pike,  occupied  the 
ground  on  and  about  Round  Top,  on  the  left 
of  the  Third  Corps.  The  Sixth  Corps,  under 
Sedgwick,  which  came  up  late  in  the  afternoon 
of  this  day  after  a  continuous  march  of  thirty- 
two  miles,  was  posted  in  the  rear  as  a  reserve, 
and  portions  of  it  were  moved  to  different  points 
of  the  field,  as  circumstances  demanded.  On 
the  left  was  Buford's  cavalry. 

The  Federal  line  from  Cemetery  Hill  to 
Round  Top  faced  nearly  west,  but  from  Ceme 
tery  Hill  to  the  extreme  right  it  faced  east, 
being  about  four  miles  long,  nearly  semicircular 
in  shape,  the  two  flanks  being  one  and  a  half 
miles  distant.  The  Confederate  line  was  nearly 
the  same  shape,  but,  being  the  outer  line,  was 
about  five  and  a  half  miles  long.  On  the  right 
of  it,  in  front  of  Round  Top,  were  the  divisions 
of  Hood  and  McLaws,  of  Longstreet's  corps. 
On  their  left,  extending  along  Seminary  Ridge, 
were  the  divisions  of  Anderson  and  Fender,  of 
Hill's  corps,  on  the  left  of  which,  extending 
around  and  through  the  town,  was  Rodes's  di 
vision  of  Ewell's  corps,  then  Early' s  and  John- 


1 40  GETTYSBURG. 

son's  divisions  of  the  same  corps,  the  latter 
reaching  to  Benner's  Hill,  on  Rock  Creek. 
Heth's  division  of  Hill's  corps  was  in  reserve 
in  the  rear  some  distance,  near  where  the 
Springs  Hotel  now  stands.  Pickett's  division 
of  Longstreet's  corps  was  back  towards  Cham- 
bersburg,  guarding  trains. 

Meade's  head-quarters  was  on  the  Taneytown 
Road,  a  short  distance  in  the  rear  of  the  Second 
Corps. 

Lee's  head-quarters  was  in  the  brick  house, 
on  the  Chambersburg  Road,  in  the  rear  of  and 
near  the  seminary. 

Wednesday  night  and  Thursday  forenoon 
passed  in  comparative  silence,  there  being  but 
little  firing.  But  the  troops  had  not  been  idle. 
Here  and  there  rifle-pits  were  thrown  up  and 
defences  made  of  the  fences  and  stone  walls, 
salients  and  lunettes  constructed,  artillery  placed 
in  position,  ammunition  and  supplies  brought 
up,  and  all  preparations  made  for  the  impend 
ing  contest. 

By  some  mistake,  Buford's  two  brigades  of 
cavalry  had  been  ordered  to  Westminster  before 
Merritt's  regular  brigade  or  that  of  Farnsworth, 
of  Kilpatrick's  division,  had  arrived  to  take 
their  places,  and  there  had  been  thus  left  no 
protection  on  the  left  flank. 

To  discover  what  force  confronted  him,  Gen- 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  143 

eral  Sickles  ordered  Berdan's  ist  United  States 
Sharp-shooters  and  the  3d  Maine  Infantry  on  a 
reconnoissance  into  the  woods,  a  mile  or  more 
beyond  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  where  they  met 
Wilcox's  brigade, — 8th,  Qth,  loth,  nth,  and  i4th 
Alabama  Infantry, — and  were  compelled  to  fall 
back. 

Convinced  that  a  strong  force  of  the  enemy 
was  in  front,  Sickles  moved  the  Third  Corps  to 
what  he  thought  a  better  position.  Birney's 
division  was  thrown  out  on  a  line  almost  per 
pendicular  to  Cemetery  Hill,  reaching  from  the 
Peach  Orchard  on  the  right  towards  Little 
Round  Top,  while  Humphreys's  division  was 
advanced  to  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  at  a  right 
angle  to  Birney's.  The  left  of  the  line  nearest  to 
Round  Top  was  held  by  Ward's  brigade,  in  the 
woods  beyond  Devil's  Den,  the  right  of  it  reach 
ing  into  the  "  Wheat-Field  ;"  De  Trobriand's 
came  next,  extending  the  line  through  the  field 
and  woods  in  the  direction  of  the  Peach  Orchard, 
at  the  intersection  of  the  Emmittsburg  and 
Millerstown  Roads,  which  was  held  by  Graham's 
brigade,  part  of  which  faced  south  and  the  bal 
ance  west  along  the  Emmittsburg  Road.  On 
the  right  of  Graham,  extending  along  the  road 
about  half  a  mile  from  Sherfy's  house  to  near 
Codori's  house,  were  the  brigades  of  Brewster 
and  Carr,  of  Humphreys's  division.  Burling's 


144  GETTYSBURG. 

brigade  was  in  the  rear  of  De  Trobriand  and 
Ward,  and  was  afterwards  divided  and  sent  to 
reinforce  different  parts  of  the  line.  The 
batteries  of  the  corps  were  well  posted,  Turn- 
bull's  F,  3d  United  States,  was  near  Hum 
phreys' s  right ;  on  its  left  was  Seely's  K,  4th 
United  States,  while  Randolph's  E,  ist  Rhode 
Island,  was  behind  the  Sherfy  house,  Clark's 
New  Jersey  on  the  road  running  towards  Round 
Top,  Smith's  New  York  on  the  knoll  above 
Devil's  Den,  in  front  of  Round  Top,  and  Wins- 
low's  New  York  in  the  Wheat-Field,  to  the 
right. 

Lee  had  perceived  this  projection  of  Meade's 
left  and  took  advantage  of  it.  He  prepared  to 
turn  that  flank,  and  hoped  to  take  his  line  in 
reverse  and  drive  it  from  its  strong  position. 
He  directed  Longstreet  to  make  the  attempt, 
while  Ewell  should  attack  Meade's  right  and 
Hill  threaten  his  centre,  so  as  to  prevent  rein 
forcements  being  sent  to  the  left.  Longstreet 
moved  under  cover  of  heavy  fire  of  his  guns  on 
Seminary  Ridge  and  at  other  points.  He  sent 
his  right  division  under  Hood  to  strike  De 
Trobriand  and  Ward  on  the  left. 

At  about  four  o'clock  Hood's  division  ad 
vanced,  and,  driving  back  the  2d  United  States 
Sharp-shooters  upon  the  skirmish  line,  the  ist 
Texas  and  3d  Arkansas  Infantry,  of  Robert- 


SECOND    DAYS    BATTLE.  147 

son's  Texas  brigade,  advanced  upon  Smith's 
battery,  on  the  knoll  above  Devil's  Den, 
and  were  encountered  by  the  left  of  Ward's 
brigade, — 99th  Pennsylvania  and  4th  Maine 
Infantry, — while  Anderson's  Georgia  brigade — 
59th,  nth,  Qth,  7th,  and  8th  Infantry — attacked 
the  right  of  Ward's, — 2oth  Indiana,  86th  and 
1 24th  New  York  Infantry  (the  3d  Maine  and  ist 
United  States  Sharp-shooters  of  this  brigade 
being  detached  at  the  Peach  Orchard).  A  des 
perate  struggle  ensued;  the  ist  Texas  at  one 
time  almost  seized  the  battery  ;  but  the  enemy, 
being  attacked  in  flank  by  De  Trobriand,  was 
repulsed.  The  left  of  Anderson's  brigade 
—9th,  7th,  and  8th  Infantry — then  attacked 
De  Trobriand's  brigade, — iioth  Pennsylvania, 
5th  Michigan,  and  i7th  Maine  Infantry — and 
was  also  repulsed.  Robertson  and  Anderson 
were  now  reinforced  by  Benning's  brigade,— 
1 5th,  1 7th,  2oth,  and  2d  Georgia  Infantry, — and 
the  three  brigades  made  a  desperate  assault 
upon  those  of  De  Trobriand  and  Ward,  which, 
though  greatly  outnumbered,  held  their  ground, 
aided  by  Smith's  and  Winslow's  New  York 
batteries. 

In  the  mean  time,  Law's  brigade, — I5th,  47th, 
4th,  44th,  and  48th  Alabama  Infantry, — with 
the  4th  and  5th  Texas,  of  Robertson's  brigade, 
the  two  latter  regiments  following  Law  by  a 


148  GETTYSBURG. 

misunderstanding  of  orders,  moved  forward, 
over  as  rough  ground  as  was  ever  passed  over 
by  troops,  to  seize  Round  Top,  and  were,  after 
skirmishing  with  the  26.  United  States  Sharp 
shooters,  met  by  the  4th  Maine,  4oth  New  York, 
and  6th  New  Jersey  Infantry,  the  latter  being 
of  Burling' s  brigade,  which  had  been  hurried 
into  position  to  oppose  them.  Though  making 
brave  resistance,  these  regiments  were  forced 
back,  and  the  position  of  Round  Top  and 
Ward's  left  endangered. 

De  Trobriand's  brigade  again  repulsed  that 
of  Anderson,  who  was  severely  wounded,  but 
Ward's,  having  been  reduced  in  reinforcing  the 
troops  trying  to  protect  Round  Top,  was  again 
assailed  by  Robertson's  and  Benning's  brigades. 

Kershaw's  brigade  of  McLaws's  division, — 
1 5th,  7th,  3d,  2d,  and  8th  South  Carolina,- — 
coming  up,  also  threatened  the  right  of  De  Tro 
briand's  brigade,  now  composed  of  but  three 
regiments. 

Cabell's  Confederate  battalion  of  Carl  ton's 
Georgia,  Eraser's  Georgia,  McCarthy's  Virginia, 
and  Manley's  North  Carolina  batteries,  and  Al 
exander's  battalion  of  Jordan's  Virginia,  Wool- 
folk's  Virginia,  Moody's  Louisiana,  Rhett's 
South  Carolina,  Taylor's  Virginia,  and  Parker's 
Virginia  batteries,  in  all  about  sixty  guns,  had 
taken  position  on  Warfield  Ridge,  and  were 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  151 

directing  their  fire  upon  the  Third  Corps,  and 
especially  upon  the  troops  at  the  Peach  Or 
chard  and  along  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  while 
Latham's  and  Reilly's  North  Carolina  batteries, 
posted  beyond  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  directed 
their  fire  upon  Devil's  Den  and  Round  Top. 
Upon  the  Federal  side,  Ames's  New  York, 
Thompson's  Pennsylvania,  and  Hart's  New 
York  batteries  had  been  sent  to  the  Peach 
Orchard,  and  Phillips' s  and  Bigelow's  Massachu 
setts  were  put  in  position  on  the  cross-road  to 
the  left  of  the  orchard. 

In  the  mean  time,  Sykes  had  been  ordered  up 
with  the  Fifth  Corps,  which  had  been  resting  in 
the  rear,  and  Tilton's  and  Sweitzer's  brigades  of 
Barnes's  division  went  into  position  on  the  right 
and  rear  of  De  Trobriand's  brigade.  Kershaw's 
right  regiments, — i5th,  yth,  and  3d  South  Caro 
lina, — facing  east,  attacked  the  i  i8th  Pennsylva 
nia,  1 8th  and  22d  Massachusetts,  and  ist  Michi 
gan  Infantry,  of  Tilton's  brigade,  on  the  right 
of  De  Trobriand's,  while  his  left  regiments, — 3d 
(battalion),  2d,  and  8th, — facing  north,  attacked 
the  3d  Maine,  3d  Michigan,  and  1415!  Pennsyl 
vania  Infantry  at  the  Peach  Orchard.  Tilton's 
brigade,  being  unprotected  on  the  right,  retired, 
exposing  the  right  of  De  Trobriand,  and  com 
pelling  Sweitzer's  brigade — 32d  Massachusetts, 
62 d  Pennsylvania,  and  4th  Michigan  Infantry  (the 


I  5  2  GETTYSBURG. 

9th  Massachusetts  being  on  picket  duty) — to  fall 
back,  notwithstanding  the  stubborn  resistance 
it  made. 

During  this  time,  General  Warren,  chief 
engineer  on  Meade's  staff,  had  ascended  Little 
Round  Top,  and  not  only  saw  the  importance 
of  holding  it,  but  saw  the  columns  of  the  enemy 
under  Law,  of  Hood's  division,  advancing  to 
seize  it,  driving  before  them  the  regiments  at  its 
base.  He  hastened  to  the  road  where  Ayres's 
division  of  the  Fifth  Corps  was  passing  to  the 
front,  detached  the  i4Oth  New  York  Infantry 
from  Weed's  brigade,  and  hurried  it  up  the 
steep  hill. 

Before  the  i4oth  reached  its  position,  Vin 
cent's  brigade  of  Barnes's  division,  which  had 
been  sent  to  hold  Round  Top,  arrived  upon  the 
summit  and  went  into  position  upon  a  ledge 
just  below,  the  i6th  Michigan  Infantry  on  the 
right,  the  44th  New  York  and  83d  Pennsyl 
vania  in  the  centre,  and  the  2Oth  Maine  on 
the  left.  Hood's  troops  were  already  charging 
up  the  hill,  and  a  desperate  encounter  ensued. 
At  last,  Law,  believing  he  could  not  force  the 
front,  attempted  a  flank  movement  upon  the 
1 6th  Michigan  with  the  48th  and  the  44th  Ala 
bama  Infantry,  while  the  4th  Alabama,  5th  and 
4th  Texas  attacked  the  i6th  Michigan,  44th 
New  York,  and  83d  Pennsylvania  in  front.  At 


SECOND    DAYS    BATTLE.  155 

the  same  time  the  47th  Alabama  engaged  the 
20th  Maine  farther  to  the  left  in  front,  and  the 
1 5th  Alabama  endeavored  to  turn  its  left.  The 
movement  upon  the  flank  of  the  1 6th  Michigan 
was  proving  successful,  when  O'Rorke  reached 
the  right  of  the  i6th  with  his  i4oth  New  York. 
The  enemy  were  within  a  few  feet  of  the  top, 
and  O'Rorke  had  no  time  to  form,  but  charged 
his  regiment  down  the  opposite  slope.  Haz 
lett's  Battery  D,  5th  United  States,  had,  by 
great  effort,  scaled  the  heights  and  opened  upon 
the  Confederates. 

The  youthful  O'Rorke,  who  had  but  two 
years  before  left  West  Point,  was  among  the 
killed. 

For  nearly  an  hour  the  terrible  conflict  went, 
on  upon  the  crest  of  Little  Round  Top,  the 
fighting  continuing  desperate  (especially  on  the 
front  of  the  83d  Pennsylvania  and  the  2Oth 
Maine),  where  at  times  the  enemy  broke  through, 
and  hand-to-hand  encounters  occurred.  At  last 
a  charge  of  the  2Oth,  when  its  ammunition  was 
exhausted,  led  by  Colonel  Chamberlain,  drove 
the  enemy  from  the  hill  with  a  loss  of  many  pris 
oners.  The  balance  of  Weed's  brigade — Qist 
and  1 5 5th  Pennsylvania,  and  i46th  New  York- 
had  taken  position  on  Vincent's  right,  and  the 
rocky  summit  of  the  Federal  left  was  secured, 
but  at  the  cost  of  the  lives  of  Generals  Vincent 


156  GETTYSBURG. 

and  Weed,  Colonel  O'Rorke,  Lieutenant  Haz- 
lett,  and  many  others.  General  Vincent  was 
killed  while  urging  on  his  men.  He  had  just 
been  promoted  from  the  colonelcy  of  the  83d 
Pennsylvania,  by  which  regiment,  and  by  his 
whole  brigade,  he  was  greatly  beloved,  being  a 
cultured  and  gallant  young  officer. 

General  Weed  was  slain  at  his  former  bat 
tery,  Hazlett's,  on  the  summit  of  Little  Round 
Top.  Seeing  his  commander  fall,  Lieutenant 
Hazlett  hastened  to  his  side.  The  general 
seemed  desirous  of  telling  something,  and  while 
Hazlett  was  bending  over  him  the  bullet  of  a 
sharp-shooter  killed  the  lieutenant,  and  he  fell 
upon  the  body  of  his  dead  comrade.  The  Con 
federate  General  Hood  was  also  wounded  here. 

Beyond  Devil's  Den,  along  the  line  of  Bir- 
ney's  division,  the  struggle  still  continued. 
Robertson's  ist  Texas  and  3d  Arkansas,  Ben- 
ning's  1 5th,  i7th,  2oth,  and  4th  Georgia,  and 
the  59th  and  nth  Georgia  of  Anderson's  re 
newed  the  attack  upon  Ward's  brigade, — 2Oth 
Indiana,  86th  and  I24th  New  York,  and  ggth 
Pennsylvania, — and  drove  it,  with  Smith's  and 
Winslow's  batteries,  the  former  losing  three 
guns,  from  the  ground,  young  Colonel  Ellis,  of 
the  1 2 4th  New  York,  being  among  the  killed. 

De  Trobriand's  three  regiments — i  ioth  Penn- 

o 

sylvania,  I7th  Maine,  and  5th  Michigan  (the  3d 


SECOND    DAYS    BATTLE.  159 

Michigan  being  at  the  Peach  Orchard  and  the 
40th  New  York  having  been  sent  to  the  left  of 
Ward) — had  been  reinforced  by  the  8th  New 
Jersey  and  ii5th  Pennsylvania,  of  Burling's 
brigade.  Benning's  brigade  at  once  assailed 
De  Trobriand's  thin  line  on  the  left  flank,  while 
Anderson's  attacked  it  in  front  and  Kershaw's 
threatened  it  from  the  right.  The  2d  South 
Carolina  attempted  to  take  Clark's  New  Jersey 
battery,  to  the  right,  but  the  i4ist  Pennsylvania, 
of  Graham's  brigade,  lying  in  the  road  to  the 
left  of  the  Peach  Orchard,  poured  into  the  regi 
ment  such  destructive  volleys  that  it  was  almost 
destroyed. 

But  the  remnant  of  Birney's  troops  on  the 
left  was  almost  surrounded,  though  still  fighting, 
when  Caldwell's  First  Division  of  the  Second 
Corps,  which  Hancock  sent  to  the  assistance 
of  the  Third  Corps,  arrived  and  moved  into  the 
Wheat-Field,  which  was  to  be  afterwards  known 
as  the  "whirlpool"  of  the  battle.  This  was 
Hancock's  old  division,  the  largest  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  one  of  the  best.  It  lost 
more  men  in  killed  and  wounded  during  the  war 
than  any  other  division. 

Cross's  brigade — 6ist  New  York,  8ist  and 
1 48th  Pennsylvania,  and  5th  New  Hampshire  In 
fantry — at  once  advanced  to  the  left  of  De  Tro- 
briand,  driving  Anderson's  Georgia  brigade  back 


l6o  GETTYSBURG. 

upon  Semmes's  Georgia  brigade  of  McLaws's 
division,  which  had  just  come  into  position  to 
its  left  and  rear.  Birney  led  what  remained  of 
De  Trobriand's  command  forward  with  cheers 
to  the  support  of  Cross.  Semmes's  53d,  5ist, 
loth,  and  5oth  Georgia  in  turn  charged  Cross, 
and  a  desperate  fight  ensued,  in  which  Colonel 
Cross  was  killed.  He  was  colonel  of  the 
famous  5th  New  Hampshire,  a  most  fearless 
officer,  idolized  by  his  men.  In  a  letter  written 
before  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  he  said, 
"  Having  received  nine  wounds  in  the  present 
war,  and  three  in  other  wars,  I'm  not  afraid  of 
rebel  bullets."  He  lived  a  few  hours  after  re 
ceiving  his  fatal  wound.  His  last  words  were, 
"I  did  hope  I  would  live  to  see  peace,  and  our 
country  restored.  I  have  done  my  duty.  I 
think  the  boys  will  miss  me.  All  my  effects  I 
give  to  my  mother.  Oh,  welcome,  death  !  Say 
farewell  to  all." 

At  the  same  time,  the  Irish  (Kelly's)  Brigade, 
— 1 1 6th  Pennsylvania  (4  companies),  the  28th 
Massachusetts,  and  the  63d,  69th,  and  88th  New 
York  Infantry  (each  of  the  three  latter  regi 
ments  consolidated  into  but  two  companies),— 
having  knelt  in  the  open  field  beyond  the  road 
and  received  absolution  from  the  chaplain,  with 
wild  cheers  charged  across  the  field  to  the  right 
of  De  Trobriand's  line,  just  to  the  rear  of  the 


Irish  Brigade  Bronze  Monument  in  Grove  West  of  Wheat  Field. 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  163 

position  that  had  been  occupied  by  Tilton,  and 
met  the  7th  and  3d  South  Carolina,  of  Kershaw's, 
and  the  5oth  Georgia,  of  Semmes's  brigade,  and 
after  several  volleys  at  a  distance  of  thirty  paces 
drove  them  back.  Wofford's  Georgia  brigade  of 
McLaw's  division — i6th,  i8th,  and  24th  Infantry, 
and  Cobb's  and  Phillips's  Legions — now  ad 
vanced  to  the  left  of  Kershaw,  and  was  met  by 
Caldwell's  Third  Brigade,  Zook's, — i4Oth  Penn 
sylvania,  52d  and  66th  New  York  Infantry, — with 
the  5  7th  New  York  in  support.  At  the  same  time, 
the  Fourth  Brigade,  Brooke's,  —  H5th  Penn 
sylvania,  27th  Connecticut,  53d  Pennsylvania, 
64th  New  York,  and  2d  Delaware  Infantry, — 
charged  across  the  Wheat-Field  to  the  support 
of  Cross,  and  breaking  through  Anderson's 
Georgia  brigade  and  then  through  the  right 
regiments  of  Semmes's, — 53d,  5ist,  and  loth 
Georgia, — continued  on  across  the  little  stream 
and  to  the  high  ground  several  hundred  yards 
beyond,  where  alone  it  attempted  to  hold  the 
ground  gained.  Sweitzer,  with  the  4th  Mich 
igan,  62d  Pennsylvania,  and  32d  Massachusetts 
Infantry  (of  the  Fifth  Corps),  also  charged  to 
support  Brooke,  and  reached  the  wall  at  the 
farther  side  of  the  Wheat-Field.  But  Zook 
had  been  killed  and  his  brigade  outflanked  on 
the  right,  compelling  the  other  troops  to  with 
draw,  leaving  Brooke's  and  Sweitzer 's  com- 


164  GETTYSBURG. 

mands  isolated  and  almost  surrounded.  Still, 
in  a  desperate  struggle,  they  fought  their  way 
back  over  the  Wheat-Field.  General  Brooke 
was  wounded,  and  Colonel  Jeffords,  of  the  4th 
Michigan,  was  run  through  by  a  bayonet  while 
struggling  over  the  colors  of  his  regiment. 

As  Birney's  and  Calcl well's  commands,  each 
with  a  loss  of  over  1 200  and  three  out  of  four 
brigade  commanders  in  Caldwell's  division,  were 
being  forced  from  the  field,  Ayres's  division  of 
United  States  Regulars,  of  the  Fifth  Corps, 
moved  into  action  on  the  left.  It  was  formed 
in  two  lines,  the  first  being  Burbank's  brigade, 
— 2d,  7th,  loth,  nth,  and  17th  Infantry, — and 
the  second,  Day's  brigade, — 3d,  4th,  6th,  i2th, 
and  1 4th  Infantry, — the  regiments  each  aver 
aging  from  five  to  six  companies. 

The  withdrawal  of  Caldwell's  division  uncov 
ered  Ayres's  flank,  and  his  brave  regulars  were 
soon  attacked  by  the  brigades  of  Benning, 
Anderson,  Kershaw,  andWofford,  but  the  mag 
nificent  division,  with  its  thorough  discipline, 
fought  its  way  through  the  forces  that  almost 
surrounded  it  and  took  position  on  the  right  of 
Weed's  brigade,  upon  Little  Round  Top,  having 
lost  950  out  of  2000. 

Emboldened  by  their  continued  successes,  the 
Confederates  with  wild  yells  now  swarmed  into 
the  intermediate  low  ground  between  the  timber 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  167 

and  Round  Top.  On  they  rushed  for  the  pos 
session  of  the  hill,  but  they  suddenly  halted,  for 
before  them  they  saw  the  solid  line  of  troops 
that  had  been  hurried  up  from  other  portions  of 
the  field.  Then  McCandless's  brigade  of  Craw 
ford's  division  of  Pennsylvania  Reserves — 6th, 
nth,  ist,  and  2ci  Infantry,  and  Bucktail  Rifles- 
dashed  forward  with  cheers,  Crawford  carrying 
the  flag  of  the  ist,  over  the  low  marshy  ground 
in  front.  At  the  same  time,  Wheaton's  brigade 
of  the  Sixth  Corps — 62d  New  York,  i3Qth, 
93d,  and  98th  Pennsylvania  Infantry  (the  io2d 
Pennsylvania  being  on  duty  with  the  trains)— 
advanced  on  the  rip-ht  of  the  Reserves.  The 

o 

Confederates  fought  with  determination,  but 
they  received  a  destructive  volley,  and  were 
driven  to  the  stone  wall  at  the  top  of  the  knoll. 
Here  another  effort  was  made  to  retain  this 
position,  but  they  were  compelled  to  withdraw 
to  the  Wheat-Field  beyond,  and  the  Reserves 
held  the  wall.  Here  Colonel  Fred.  Taylor,  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Bucktail  Rifles,  was  shot 
through  the  heart  while  leading  his  men  for 
ward.  It  was  now  nearly  dark,  and  the  battle 
was  ended  upon  this  part  of  the  line. 

In  the  mean  time  the  3d  Maine  and  3d  Mich 
igan  Infantry,  in  the  Peach  Orchard  out  at  the 
angle  of  the  line  at  the  Emmittsburg  and  Mil- 
lerstown  (now  Wheat-Field)  Roads,  had  been  at- 


1 68  GETTYSBURG. 

tacked  by  the  3d  Battalion,  and  2d  and  8th  South 
Carolina  Regiments  of  Kershaw's  brigade  from 
the  south,  while  Barksdale's  Mississippi  bri 
gade  of  McLaws's  division, — 2ist,  iyth,  i3th, 
and  1 8th  Infantry, — advancing  from  the  west, 
attacked  Graham's  Pennsylvania  brigade  of 
Birney's  division, — 63d,  io5th,  57th,  ii4th,  68th, 
and  i4ist  Pennsylvania  Infantry, — the  first  five 
facing  west  and  the  i4ist  south. 

The  2 d  New  Hampshire  Infantry,  of  Burling' s 
brigade,  which  had  had  roll-call  upon  the  field 
under  fire,  a  little  distance  in  the  rear,  and  but 
eight  found  to  be  absent,  was  ordered  into  the 
orchard  between  the  68th  and  14151,  and  the 
yth  New  Jersey  of  the  same  brigade  was  or 
dered  forward  to  support  the  batteries.  While 
Randolph's  Rhode  Island,  Clark's  New  Jersey, 
Ames's  New  York,  Thompson's  Pennsylvania, 
and  Hart's  New  York  batteries  poured  shell 
and  canister  into  the  advancing  Confederates, 
and  most  of  the  Confederate  batteries  in  front 
battered  the  Peach  Orchard  and  vicinity,  a  des 
perate  struggle  took  place  between  the  Missis- 
sippians  and  the  Pennsylvania  and  New  Hamp 
shire  troops,  in  which  the  former  lost  747,  the 
Pennsylvanians  739,  and  the  New  Hampshire 
men  193.  With  their  left  flank  and  rear  ex 
posed  by  the  withdrawal  of  the  troops  from  the 
Wheat-Field,  the  Federal  troops  were  forced  to 


New  York  Excelsior  Brigade  Granite  Monument,  near  Peach  Orchard. 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  171 

abandon  the  position  with  the  loss  of  a  gun, 
thus  uncovering  the  left  of  Humphreys's  divis 
ion  on  their  right,  along  the  Emmittsburg  Road. 
General  Graham  was  wounded  and  captured. 

General  Sickles,  while  fearlessly  exposing  him 
self  beyond  the  Trostle  House,  was  wounded, 
losing  a  leg,  and  General  Birney  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  the  Third  Corps. 

Humphreys  had  maintained  his  position  along 
the  Emmittsburg  Road  with  little  trouble,  though 
his  line  was  exposed  to  a  severe  front  and  en 
filading  artillery  fire.  But  as  Barksdale's  Mis 
sissippi  brigade,  followed  by  Alexander's  bat 
talion  of  six  batteries,  now  swept  around  his  left, 
the  brigades  of  Wilcox,  Perry,  and  Wright,  of 
Anderson's  division  of  Hill's  Corps,  moved 
against  his  front,  while  on  their  left  those  of 
Mahone  and  Posey,  of  the  same  division,  and 
the  whole  of  Pender's  division,  prepared  for  an 
advance  against  the  Federal  line.  The  ist 
Massachusetts  Infantry,  of  Carr's  brigade,  and 
the  5th  New  Jersey,  of  Burling's,  on  the  skir 
mish  line,  were  driven  in.  The  left  of  Wilcox's 
Alabama  brigade — nth,  8th,  and  gth  Infantry — 
was  met  by  the  26th  Pennsylvania,  ist  and  i  ith 
Massachusetts  Infantry,  the  right  of  Carr,  and 
the  fire  of  Turnbull's  United  States  battery, 
while  Perry's  Florida  brigade — 5th,  2d,  and  8th 
Infantry — moved  upon  the  right  flank  of  the 


1 72  GETTYSBURG. 

26th.  Wilcox's  right  regiments,  the  loth  and 
1 4th  Alabama,  and  the  left  regiments  of  Barks- 
dale,  the  1 3th  and  i8th  Mississippi  Infantry, 
encountered  Seely's  United  States  battery,  sup 
ported  by  the  5th  New  Jersey  and  the  other 
regiments  of  Carr, — i6th  Massachusetts,  nth 
New  Jersey,  and  i2th  New  Hampshire  (the 
84th  Pennsylvania  being  on  duty  with  the 
trains), — the  73d  New  York  (4th  Excelsior), 
of  Humphreys's  other  brigade,  and  the  iO5th 
Pennsylvania,  of  Graham's  brigade,  the  latter 
regiment,  though  separated  from  its  brigade,  still 
fighting  on  the  left.  Barksdale's  right  regi 
ments,  the  2ist  and  i7th  Mississippi  Infantry, 
moving  upon  the  left  flank,  met  the  other  regi 
ments  of  the  New  York  Excelsior  Brigade, 
Brewster's, — joth,  7ist,  72d,  74th,  and  i2Oth 
Infantry, — which  were  also  exposed  to  the  fire 
of  Alexander's  batteries.  Farther  to  the  right 
of  the  division,  Wright's  Georgia  brigade  was 
at  the  same  time  moving  past  the  flank. 

Humphreys,  with  but  two  brigades, — all  of 
Burling' s  except  the  5th  New  Jersey  having 
been  sent  to  the  support  of  Birney, — and  with 
his  flanks  now  exposed,  seeing  the  splendid 
lines  of  the  three  brigades  of  Anderson  coming 
to  attack  him,  wanted  to  go  forward  to  meet 
them,  but  Birney  ordered  him  to  fall  back  upon  a 
line  with  the  Second  Corps.  No  finer  manoeu- 


o  • 

o 

If 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE.  I  75 

vring,  it  is  said,  was  ever  witnessed  on  a  battle 
field  under  such  terrible  fire.  His  regiments, 
massed  in  double  columns,  executed  a  backward 
march  with  great  precision,  undisturbed  by  the 
volleys  poured  into  them,  halting  at  points  indi 
cated  to  form  line  of  battle  and  open  fire  upon 
the  advancing  enemy.  He  reached  his  position 
in  splendid  order,  after  having  lost  1 506  of  his 
division  killed  and  wounded,  including  1 1  of  his 
staff,  and  only  163  missing,  most  of  whom  were 
among  the  killed. 

In  the  mean  time,  Hancock  had  been  intrusted 
with  the  command  of  this  part  of  the  line.  Into 
the  gap  which  separated  it  from  the  left  around 
Round  Top  thirty  pieces  of  artillery,  under 
Major  McGilvery,  had  been  hurried,  being  so 
posted  that  the  centre  faced  the  Trostle  House, 
and  Willard's  brigade  of  Hays' s  division  of  the 
Second  Corps  took  position  in  the  centre  of  the 
gap.  Reinforcements  were  also  ordered  from 
the  First,  Sixth,  and  Twelfth  Corps. 

Willard's  fine  brigade — inth,  i26th,  i25th, 
and  39th  New  York  Infantry — moved  out  to 
cover  the  left  of  Humphreys,  and  met  the  2ist, 
1 7th,  1 3th,  and  i8th  Mississippi,  of  Barksdale's 
brigade.  With  both  flanks  exposed,  Willard's 
brigade  suffered  terribly,  losing  over  700,  among 
the  killed  being  General  Willard,  who  fell 
among  the  dead  that  surrounded  him. 


1 76  GETTYSBURG. 

Barksdale's  brigade,  with  its  brave  leader 
riding  ahead  of  it,  rushed  forward  in  a  gal 
lant  charge  upon  Humphreys  ;  but  Barksdale 
was  mortally  wounded  and  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  Federals,  while  his  splendid  brigade  was 
driven  back. 

Wilcox's  Alabama  and  Perry's  Florida  bri 
gades,  upon  Barksdale's  left,  now  again  at 
tacked  Humphreys's  two  small  brigades,  that 
had  already  lost  more  than  half  their  numbers, 
— Brewster's  (Excelsior)  and  Carr's.  The  nth 
Alabama,  supported  by  the  loth  and  i4th,  was 
passing  around  the  left  flank  of  Humphreys 
when  the  ist  Minnesota  Infantry,  of  Gibbon's 
division,  Second  Corps,  which  regiment  had  been 
moved  to  that  part  of  the  field,  was  ordered  by 
Hancock  to  charge  the  Alabamians,  and  the 
regiment  made  its  renowned  charge,  losing  in 
it  20 1  of  263  engaged. 

Doubleday's  and  a  portion  of  Robinson's  di 
visions  of  the  First  Corps  were  now  brought 
forward  by  General  Newton  and  placed  on 
Humphreys's  left. 

The  Confederate  brigades  of  Barksdale,  Wil- 
cox,  and  Perry  fought  desperately,  losing  one- 
third  their  number  in  killed  and  wounded,  but 
were  repulsed  and  driven  beyond  the  Emmitts- 
burg  Road. 

Farther  to  the  left,  Lockwood's  brigade  of 


First  Minnesota  Heroic  Size  in  Bronze. 
Where  Regiment  made  its  Renowned  Charge,  July  2d. 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE.  I  79 

two  regiments — i5oth  New  York  and  ist  Mary 
land  Infantry  (Potomac  Home  Brigade) — crossed 
Plum  Creek  and  attacked  the  left  of  Wofford's 
Georgia  brigade. 

The  i Qth  Massachusetts  and  42 d  New  York 
Infantry,  of  Gibbon's  division,  had  been  ordered 
to  the  support  of  Humphreys' s  right,  but  were 
outflanked  and  suffered  severely. 

While  the  brigades  of  Barksclale,  Wilcox, 
and  Perry  were  assailing  Humphreys' s  position, 
Wright's  Georgia  brigade — 30!,  22d,  48th  In 
fantry,  and  2cl  (battalion) — had  passed  farther 
to  his  right,  where  it  encountered  the  i5th 
Massachusetts  and  Sad  New  York  Infantry, 
of  the  Second  Corps,  which  regiments  had  been 
ordered  forward  to  the  Emmittsburg  Road. 
These  two  regiments  fought  until  the  I5th  lost 
148  and  the  82d  123,  and  both  the  regimental 
commanders  had  fallen,  when  they  fell  back  to 
their  former  positions.  The  Georgians,  alone, 
with  no  supports  upon  either  flank,  gallantly  ad 
vanced  in  the  face  of  musketry  and  the  fire  of 
Ransom's  United  States  and  Brown's  Rhode 
Island  batteries,  over  almost  the  same  ground 
that  Pickett's  division  were  to  move  the  follow 
ing  day,  and  bravely  attacked  the  line  held  by 
Gibbon's  division,  taking  Brown's  Rhode  Island 
battery,  and  then  encountering  the  69th  Penn 
sylvania,  59th  New  York,  yth  Michigan,  and 


l8o  GETTYSBURG. 

Maine  Infantry.  Unaided,  the  brave  brigade 
maintained  its  position  up  to  within  a  hundred 
feet  of  the  wall  held  by  the  Federal  troops. 
The  7  ist,  7 2 d,  and  io6th  Pennsylvania  Infantry, 
advancing  to  the  support  of  the  first  line,  the 
Confederates  were  driven  back,  and,  being 
charged  by  the  three  last  regiments  and  the 
1 9th  Maine,  were  driven  beyond  the  Emmitts- 
burg  Road,  with  a  loss  of  many  prisoners, 
including  several  officers  and  two  flags,  Brown's 
battery  being  also  recaptured.  The  assault 
made  by  Wright's  brigade  displayed  courage 
and  intrepidity  unsurpassed  in  the  battle.  Gen 
erals  Lee,  Hill,  and  the  division  commander, 
Anderson,  together  were  eye-witnesses  of  it, 
and  yet  nothing  was  done  to  support  it,  neither 
Mahone's  or  Posey's  brigades,  of  Anderson's,  on 
the  left  of  Wright's,  nor  Pender's  division  being 
ordered  to  advance.  It  is  said  that  General 
Pender  was  about  to  give  the  order  to  advance 
to  his  division  when  he  was  mortally  wounded 
by  a  shell. 

At  twilight  the  Confederates  gave  up  the 
attack  on  the  Federal  left  and  retired.  The 
Federal  position  had  been  greatly  strengthened 
by  the  arrival  of  fresh  troops,  the  balance  of  the 
Sixth  Corps  being  in  reserve  in  the  rear  of 
Little  Round  Top. 

The  2oth  Maine,  of  Vincent's  brigade  of  the 


9th  Penna.  Reserves  Granite 'Monument.     Between  the  Round  Tops. 
"  By  a  Comrade's'Grave." 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  183 

Fifth  Corps,  and  Fisher's  brigade  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Reserves,  of  the  same  corps, — 5th, 
9th,  loth,  and  I2th  Infantry, — had  taken  pos 
session  of  Big  Round  Top,  capturing  a  small 
force  of  the  enemy  occupying  it. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  struggle  on  the 
left,  in  the  evening,  simultaneous  and  fierce 
assaults  were  made  on  the  extreme  right  and 
right  centre.  On  the  right,  at  Gulp's  Hill, 
Williams' s  division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  and 
Candy's  and  Kane's  brigades  of  Geary's  divi 
sion  had  been  hastily  withdrawn  to  support  the 
left  when  it  was  so  badly  threatened,  leaving 
only  Greene's  brigade  of  the  latter  division — 
6oth,  y8th,  iO2d,  13 7th,  and  i49th  New  York 
Infantry — to  hold  the  long  line  there.  About 
half-past  six  this  brigade  was  attacked  by  John 
son's  division  of  E well's  corps.  On  the  right  of 
the  brigade  the  works  were  held  only  by  a  skir 
mish  line,  and  they  were  captured  by  Steuart's 
brigade — ist  Maryland,  ist  and  3d  North  Caro 
lina,  loth,  23d,  and  37th  Virginia  Infantry — and 
Walker's  (Stonewall)  brigade, — 2d,  4th,  5th, 
27th,  and  33d  Virginia.  The  right  of  Greene's 
line,  the  i37th  New  York,  was  thrown  back  at 
right  angles  to  the  left,  in  order  to  meet  the  at 
tack  on  the  right,  but  at  the  same  time  his  left 
was  furiously  assaulted  by  Jones's  brigade, — 
2 ist,  25th,  42d,  44th,  48th,  and  59th  Virginia, — 


1 84  GETTYSBURG. 

supported  by  Williams's  brigade, — ist,  2d,  loth, 
I4th,  and  i5th  Louisiana  Infantry.  Wadsworth, 
to  assist  Greene,  extended  his  line  to  the  right, 
and  though  so  fearfully  outnumbered,  the  Fed 
eral  troops  held  their  position,  being  well  pro 
tected  by  breastworks  and  the  large  boulders. 

Kane's  brigade  of  Geary's  division, — 29th, 
lOQth,  and  mth  Pennsylvania  Infantry, — on  its 
way  to  resume  its  position  in  the  works,  came 
in  contact  with  Steuart's  and  Walker's  brigades, 
the  advance  of  which  was  thus  checked,  and 
about  midnight  the  fighting  ceased  for  the  night, 
except  slight  skirmishing. 

The  Confederates,  in  the  darkness,  did  not 
know  how  close  they  were  to  the  Baltimore 
Pike  in  the  rear  of  the  Federal  position,  or  to 
the  trains  and  reserve  artillery  which  were 
parked  but  a  short  distance  from  the  position 
they  had  reached,  and  which  they  might  have 
secured  or  endangered  had  they  continued  their 
advance  after  taking  the  works.  They  might 
have  inflicted  incalculable  damage  had  they  ad 
vanced  to  the  pike,  but  they  thought  they  were 
being  entrapped,  because  of  the  little  resistance 
they  met  with  at  the  abandoned  works. 

In  the  mean  time,  during  the  attacks  on  the 
left  and  right,  a  most  daring  attempt  was  made 
against  the  right  centre  to  carry  East  Cemetery 
Hill,  that  part  of  the  hill  opposite  the  entrance 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  187 

to  the  National  Cemetery.  Hays' s  brigade — 
5th,  6th,  yth,  8th,  and  Qth  Louisiana  Infantry 
— and  Hoke's  brigade — 6th,  2ist,  and  57th 
North  Carolina  Infantry — formed  quietly  in  the 
edge  of  the  town  and  advanced  across  the  low 
ground  in  magnificent  style,  as  if  to  attack 
Culp's  Hill,  until  opposite  Cemetery  Hill,  when 
they  suddenly  changed  direction  to  the  right 
and  dashed  towards  Cemetery  Hill.  Along  the 
stone  wall,  near  the  foot  of  the  hill,  lay  Ames's 
division  of  the  Eleventh  Corps.  On  the  right 
was  Von  Gilsa's  brigade, — 4ist  New  York, 
1 53d  Pennsylvania,  68th  and  54th  New  York 
Infantry, — and  on  the  left  Harris's  brigade, — 
1 7th  Connecticut,  75th,  25th,  and  io7th  Ohio 
Infantry.  The  i7th  Connecticut  had  been  in 
line  between  the  75th  and  25th  Ohio,  but  had 
been  withdrawn  and  placed  on  the  right  of  the 
division,  leaving  a  gap  in  the  line  between  the 
75th  and  the  25th  Ohio. 

Penetrating  this  gap  and  crowding  back 
Harris's  brigade  and  the  left  of  Von  Gilsa's,  the 
brave  Confederates  advanced  up  the  hill,  under 
cover  of  the  darkness  and  smoke,  and  the 
charging  columns  were  soon  rushing  among 
the  batteries  on  the  crest,  the  6th  North  Caro 
lina  and  Qth  Louisiana  leading  the  assault. 
Weidrick's  I,  ist  New  York  Battery,  was  north 
of  the  wall,  towards  the  town  ;  on  the  south  of 


1 88  GETTYSBURG. 

the  wall,  was  Ricketts's  F,  ist  Pennsylvania,  on 
its  right  being  Reynolds's  L,  ist  New  York,  and 
in  its  rear,  on  the  road,  Stewart's  B,  4th  United 
States.  Their  guns  were  depressed  as  much 
as  possible  and  fired  shell  and  canister,  but 
they  could  not  stay  the  enemy. 

Weidrick's  battery  was  captured  entire,  and 
the  left  gun  of  Ricketts's  was  spiked  while  the 
gunners  were  fighting  around  it.  This  battery 
had  received  orders  not  to  limber  up  under  any 
circumstances,  but  to  fight  to  the  last,  and  it 
obeyed  the  order.  A  fierce  hand-to-hand  fight 
ensued,  the  young  cannoneers,  fighting  with  pis 
tols,  hand-spikes,  and  rammers,  crying,  "  Death 
rather  than  surrender  our  guns  on  our  own 
soil."  The  battery  guidon  was  planted  in  one 
of  the  lunettes,  and  a  Confederate  officer  seized 
it,  when  he  was  shot  dead  by  young  Riggin,  its 
bearer,  who  himself  was  instantly  killed,  and  fell 
with  his  flag  in  his  hands.  An  officer  of  the  7th 
Louisiana  was  brained  with  a  hand-spike  by  a 
young  gunner,  and  a  sergeant  of  the  same  regi 
ment  was  severely  wounded  with  a  stone  by 
Lieutenant  Brockway.  In  the  mean  time,  Gen 
eral  Ames  had  rallied  the  left  of  Harris's 
brigade — 25th,  75th,  and  io7th  Ohio — behind 
the  wall,  near  the  crest  of  the  hill,  the  ijth 
Connecticut  continuing  the  fight  at  the  foot, 
farther  to  the  right.  The  color-bearer  of  the 


SECOND    DAYS    BATTLE.  1 9! 

Ohio  mounted  the  wall  and  waved  his 
flag,  when  he  fell  dead  ;  the  flag  was  seized  by 
Adjutant  Young,  who  immediately  afterwards 
rushed  into  the  8th  Louisiana,  shot  its  color- 
bearer,  seized  its  flag,  and,  severely  wounded,  fell 
with  it  inside  his  own  lines.  The  hand-to-hand 
fight  about  the  guns  continued  until  reinforce 
ments,  hurried  from  the  left  of  the  cemetery, 
arrived.  Carroll's  brigade  of  Hays' s  division 
of  the  Second  Corps,  the  4th  Ohio,  7th  West 
Virginia,  and  i4th  Indiana,  charged  to  the  right 
of  Ricketts's,  while  to  its  left  the  73d  Pennsyl 
vania,  of  Steinwehr's  division,  Eleventh  Corps, 
double-quicking  out  of  the  cemetery,  charged 
upon  those  who  had  taken  Weidrick's  battery. 
Schurz  led  the  58th  and  i  iQth  New  York,  of  his 
division,  also  to  its  support.  The  Confederate 
troops  who  had  made  this  daring  attack  were 
driven  from  the  hill  with  heavy  loss,  including 
Colonel  Avery,  commanding  Hoke's  brigade. 

To  the  left  of  the  pike,  Rodes's  division  ad 
vanced  against  that  part  of  Cemetery  Hill  held 
by  Schurz  and  Steinwehr  The  right  of  his  line 
not  being  supported  by  Fender's  division,  as 
arranged,  soon  came  to  a  halt,  while  the  left 
moved  forward  against  the  position  held  by  the 
27th  Pennsylvania,  55th  and  73d  Ohio,  and 
1 36th  New  York,  but  was  repulsed  with  a  loss 
of  a  stand  of  colors. 


GETTYSBURG. 

The  ground  of  the  fierce  and  sanguinary 
fighting  on  East  Cemetery  Hill  remains  almost 
unchanged.  The  redans  and  lunettes  are  still 
preserved,  with  cannon  to  mark  the  positions 
of  the  batteries. 

The  struggle  of  the  second  day  was  now 
ended,  having  during  the  day  extended  along 
nearly  the  whole  line. 

Towards  evening  Gregg's  cavalry  division, 
having  arrived  from  Hanover,  had  gone  into 
position  on  the  right  flank,  and  his  skirmishers 
had  had  a  brisk  engagement  with  two  regiments 
of  Ewell's  corps,  which  had  attempted  to  dis 
lodge  them.  Kilpatrick's  cavalry  division  had 
also  a  sharp  fight  with  a  portion  of  Stuart's  cav 
alry  near  Hunterstown  about  sundown. 

LOSSES    FOR    THE    DAY. 

Commencing  on  the  left  of  the  line,  the  losses 
on  this  day,  as  reported,  were  as  follows  : 

ROUND    TOP. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 
Vincent's   Brigade. 

R*™«"-                          Kwoundaendd  Missi»*.  Toss*'  E<^ed' 

20th  Me 120               5  125  386 

i6th  Mich 57               5  62  218 

44th  N.  Y 108               3  1 1 1 

83d  Penna 55  55  208 

Total 340     13     353 


3d  Penna.  Cavalry  Granite  Monument.     On  Gregg's  Cavalry  Line, 
On  the  Right 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  195 

Weed's  Brigade. 


Missing.  JJJ 

I40th  N.  Y 125             18  143 

I46th  N.  Y 28  28 

pist  Penna 19  19 

I55th  Penna 19  19 

Total 191             18  209 

Hazlett's  U.  S.  Battery    ....       13  13 

Federal  losses,  544  killed  and  wounded  and 
31  missing;  total,  575. 


CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 
Law's  Alabama  Brigade. 

Killed  and     M.    ,  Total 

Regiment.                                             wounded.    MlssinS-  loss. 

4thAla 87  87 

1 5th  Ala 161  161 

44th  Ala 94-  94 

47th  Ala 40  40 

48th  Ala 102  102 

Total 484           HO  484  =  630 

Robertson' s   Texas  Brigade. 

Killed  and     '  M.    ,  Total 

Regiment.                                               wounded.       Missing-  loss. 

4th  Texas 87            .    .  87 

5th  Texas .109  109 

Total 196  196 

Confederate  losses,  680  killed  and  wounded 
and  146  missing;  total,  826. 


96 


GETTYSBURG. 


WHEAT-FIELD,  INCLUDING  STRIP  OF  WOODS  ON 
SIDES  AND   DEVIL'S   DEN. 

FEDERAL     LOSSES. 


Ward's  Brigade  {Third  Corps). 


Regiment. 

20th  Ind  ......  146 

86th  N.  Y  ......  62 

I24th  N.  Y  .....  85 

99th  Penna  .....  99 

4th  Me  .......  70 

2dU.  S.  Sharp-shooters  28 

Total     .....  490 


Missing. 
10 

4 

5 
n 
74 
15 

119 


Total 

156 

66 

90 

no 

144 

43 

609 


Engagcd 
268 

238 
339 


De  Trobriand'  s  Brigade  {Third  Corps). 


4 

3 

7 

.    . 

14 


5th  Mich  ......  105 

I7th  Me  .......  130 

4Oth  N.  Y  ......  143 

IiothPenna  .....  53 


Total 


431 


109 

133 

150 

53 

445 


152 


Bur  ling's  Brigade  {Third  Corps}. 


6th  NJ  ...........  33 

8th  N.  J  ..........  45 

H5th  Pa.     .........  18 

Total    .........  96 


Mi-ing. 

8 
2 
3 

13 


Tiltorfs  Brigade  {Fifth  Corps}. 


Killed  and 
wounded. 


„      . 
Regiment. 

liSthPenna  .........  22 

1  8th  Mass  ..........  24 

1st  Mich  ..........  38 

22d  Mass  ..........  30 

Total    .........  114 


,,.     . 
Mlssing- 

3 
3 
4 
I 

II 


41 
47 
21 

109 


Total 
ioss. 

25 
27 
42 
31 

135 


4th  Michigan,  in  Wheat  Field,  where  Col.  Jeffords  Fell  Over  The  Colors. 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE. 


SweitzeSs  Brigade  (Fifth  Corps). 


199 


Regiment. 

Killed  and       «.    .          Total 
wounded.         Mlssmg-      loss. 

Engaged. 

62d  Penna.  .    .    . 

.     .       135                40              175 

426 

4th  Mich.     .    .    . 

89                76              165 

342 

.   .       75             5           8o 

•    • 

Total    .    .    . 

299               121               420 

•    • 

Cross's 

Brigade  (Second  Corps). 

Regiment. 

Killed  and    «{..5nff         Total 
wounded.     Mlssmg-         loss. 

Missing. 

5th  N.  H.    .    .    . 

80              .    .                80 

177 

6ist  N.  Y.    .    .    . 

62              .     .                62 

.    . 

8ist  Penna.      .    . 

.   .       54             8-62 

175 

I48th  Penna.   .    . 

,    .      120             5          125 

460 

Total    .    .    . 

.  .    316         13        329 

•    • 

Kelly's 

Brigade  (Second  Corps). 

Regiment. 

Killed  and        Mj    .     .      Total 
wounded.              >sing'      loss. 

Engaged. 

28th  Mass.    .    .    . 

.    .       65            35          zoo 

224 

63d  N.  Y.  (2  cos.) 

.     15         8       23 

75 

69th  N.  Y.  (2  cos. 

)    .       19              6            25 

.  . 

88th  N.  Y.  (2  cos. 

)     .        24              4             28 

90 

1  1  6th  Penna.  (4  < 

:os.)       13               9             22 

66 

Total 

136            62           5198 

-   • 

Zook'. 

r  Brigade  (Second  Corps). 

Regiment. 

Killed  and       M5     .             Total 
wounded.       MlsslnS-        loss. 

Engaged. 

I4Oth  Penna.  .    . 

.    .      181            60          241 

540 

52d  N.  Y.    .    .    . 

28             10            38 

•    • 

57th  N.  Y.  .    .    . 

.    .       32              2            34 

•    - 

66th  N.  Y.  . 

.   .       35              9          J4 

•    • 

Total    ,    .    . 

.    .     276           81          357 

.    . 

200 


GETTYSBURG. 


Brooke* s  Brigade  (Second  Corps}. 


Regiment. 

Killed  and 
wounded 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

27th  Conn.  (2  cos 

•)    •      33 

4 

37 

74 

2d  Del  

.    .     72 

12 

84 

.     . 

64th  N.  Y. 

.    .      79 

19 

98 

204 

53d  Penna.  .    .    . 

.    .      74 

6 

80 

124 

I45th  Penna.    . 

.    •     76 

8 

84 

228 

Total 

•    •    334 

49 

383" 

•     • 

AYRES'S    DIVISION 

(FIFTH 

CORPS). 

Bur  bank1  s  Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged 

2d  U.  S.  (6  cos.) 

.    .      61 

6 

67 

.     . 

7th  U.  S.  (4  cos.) 

•   -     57 

2 

59 

116 

loth  U.  S.  (3  cos. 

)     •     48 

3 

5i 

93 

nth  U.  S.  (6  cos. 

)     .    in 

9 

120 

.    . 

1  7th  U.  S.  (7  cos. 

)     •    H3 

7 

150 

260 

Total 

.    .   420 

27 

447 

Day'  s  Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

3d  U.  S.  (6  cos.) 

72 

I 

73 

4th  U.  S.  (4  cos.) 

40 

.     . 

40 

6th  U.  S.  (5  cos.) 

44 

.     . 

44 

1  2th  U.  S.  (8  cos. 

)     .    .    .    . 

•        79 

13 

92 

I4th  U.  S.  (8  cos. 

)     .    .    .    . 

128 

4 

132 

Total        ,    . 

•     363 

18 

38i 

Pennsylvania  Reserves  (Fifth 

Corps}. 

Regiment. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

Kngaged. 

.'.       46 

.     . 

46 

444 

2d  Penna.  .    .    . 

.     .       38 

.     . 

38 

273 

6th  Penna.  .    .    . 

-     •       24 

.     . 

24 

380 

Illh  Penna.    .    . 

.     .       41 

.     . 

41 

392 

Bucktail  Rifles   . 

•     •       46 

2 

48 

349 

Total  .    .    . 

.     .     195 

2 

197 

1838 

SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  203 


Wheatorf  s  i 

Brigade  (Sixth 

Corps). 

Regiment. 

Killed  anc 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

62d  N.    Y  

12 

.     . 

12 

93d  Penna    .... 

......        10 

.     - 

IG 

98th  Penna.      .    .    . 

II 

II 

2O 

20 

Total     .        .    . 

53 



53 

Artillery. 

• 

Total 

Battery.                             " 

vounded.     MissinS- 

loss. 

Smith's  N.  Y.    .    .    . 

12                  I 

13 

Winslow's  N.  Y.    .    . 

10             8 

18 

Bigelow's  Mass.    .    . 

26                  2 

28  and 

60  horses. 

Phillips's  Mass.     .    . 

21                .     . 

21  and 

40  horses. 

Total  

69                 II 

Ito 

Federal   losses    in  Wheat-Field,    3592   killed 
and  wounded  and  541  missing  ;  total,  4133. 

CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 
Robertson  s  Texas  Brigade. 

Killed  and    ' 
Reg.ment.  wounded. 

1st  Texas 93 

3d  Ark 142 

Total 235 

Anderson 's  Georgia  Brigade. 

Killed  and     ....  Total 

Regent,  wounded.      M'ssing-          loss. 

7th  Ga 15 

8ihGa 139 

9thGa 189 

uthGa 204 

59th  Ga 116 

Total 663  54  717 


204  GETTYSBURG. 

Benning  s  Georgia  Brigade. 


<S»"-  »  »«-••        TS! 

2d  Ga  ............      91 

I5th  Ga  ...........    171 

1  7th  Ga  ...........      90 

2Oth  Ga  ...........    121  122  .    . 

Total  ..........   473  122          595 


Wofford'  s  Georgia  Brigade. 

Regiment.  Billed  and 

i6th  Ga 61 

i8th  Ga 19 

24th  Ga 36  .    . 

Cobb's  (Ga.)  Legion 22  .    . 

Phillips's  (Ga.)  Legion 28 

Total  .  .    166  112 


The  total  losses  reported  for  this  brigade, 
however,  are  334,  which  is  greater  than  that 
shown  by  the  regimental  reports. 

Semmes's  Georgia  Brigade. 


loth  Ga  ...............  86 

5oth  Ga  ...............  78 

5ist  Ga  ...............  55 

53d  Ga  ...............  87 

Total  ..............    306  91 

The  total  loss  for  the  brigade  is  reported  as 
430- 


1 7th  Maine  Granite  Monument  at  Wall  in  Wheat. Field., 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE.  2O7 

Kershaw*  s  South  Carolina  Brigade. 


Regiment 

3d  S.  C. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

81 

Missing. 

2 

Total 

loss. 

^ 

7th  S  C 

.    103 

7 

no 

I5th  S   C  

.     IIQ 

18 

137 

Total  . 

.     W 

27 

330 

Confederate  losses,  2416  killed  and  wounded 
and  406  missing;  total,  2822. 

The  casualties  among  officers  were  very  se 
vere  on  both  sides  upon  this  part  of  the  field. 

Among  those  upon  the  Federal  side  killed 
or  wounded,  in  addition  to  the  Brigade  Com 
manders  Cross,  Zook,  and  Brooke,  were  the  colo 
nel,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  major  of  the  I24th 
New  York,  the  colonels  of  the  64th,  66th,  6gth, 
and  86th  New  York,  2Oth  Indiana,  4th  Maine,  3d 
and  5th  Michigan,  9Qth,  noth,  i4oth,  and  i45th 
Pennsylvania,  and  4th  Michigan,  the  major  of  the 
62d  Pennsylvania,  and  lieutenant-colonel  com 
manding  27th  Connecticut.  The  loss  of  field- 
officers  in  the  Confederate  regiments  was  also 
severe,  but  is  not  officially  reported. 

Among  the  regiments  deserving  special  men 
tion  here  is  the  i  jth  Maine,  which  went  into 
the  field  with  most  of  the  men  bare-footed  from 
hard  marching  and  without  having  had  rations 
for  twenty-four  hours,  yet  fought  until  133  of 
its  number  had  fallen. 


208 


GETTYSBURG. 

PEACH    ORCHARD. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 


Regiment. 

5S3?  *"-«• 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

3d  Me.  (Ward's 

brig.)      77             45 

122 

210 

3d  Mich.   (De  Trobri- 

and's  brigade) 

...      38              7 

45 

•     • 

Total 

...    115            52 

167 

•     • 

Graham's  Brigade. 

Regiment. 

wounddaendd     Mis^' 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

57th  Penna.   .    . 

...     57            58 

115 

207 

63d  Penna.    .    . 

...      30              4 

34 

296 

68th  Penna, 

...    139             13 

152 

320 

io5th  Penna.     . 

...    123              9 

132 

274 

H4th  Penna.      . 

...      94             60 

154 

3I2 

141  st  Penna. 

.    .    .    128             21 

149 

2O2 

Total 

...    571           165 

736 

1611 

Burling  $  Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Killed  and      A/r.    . 
wounded.       Mlssing- 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

2d  N.  H.    .    .    . 

.    .   .    157            36 

193 

330 

7th  N.  J.    .    .    . 

.    101             13 

114 

•     • 

Total 

...    258             49 

307 

•     • 

' 

Artillery. 

Battery. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

Clark's  N.  J.    .    . 

17 

5 

22 

Thompson's  Penna  24 

4 

28 

Ames's  N.  Y. 

7 

2 

9 

Hart's  N.  Y, 

16 

16 

Total 


64 


ii 


75 


Federal  losses,  1008  killed  and  wounded  and 
277  missing  ;  total,  1285. 


U4th  Penna.   (Phila.  Zouaves)  Bronze  Monument  in  Sherfy's  Yard, 
Emmittsburg  Road.     "  Loading  Rifle." 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE. 


211 


CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 


Kers  haw's  South  Carolina  Brigade. 


Regiment, 

2d  S.  C 152 

8th  S.  C 100 

3d  S.  C.  Battalion 43 

Total 295 


Killed  and     „.     . 
wounded.     Mlssl"S- 


B  arks  dale'  s  Mississippi  Brigade. 


I3th  Miss  ..........  165 

i7th  Miss  ..........  200 

i8th  Miss  ..........  loo 

2ist  Miss  ...........  103 

Total  ..........  568 


92 


Total 
loss. 

154 

100 


300 


Total 
loss. 


660 


This  brigade,  however,  reported  a  loss  of 
655  killed  and  wounded  and  92  missing,  which 
is  probably  more  correct. 

Confederate  losses,  950  killed  and  wounded 
and  97  missing  ;  total,  1047. 

The  casualties  of  the  opposing  forces  were 
nearly  equal.  A  portion  of  those  in  Barksdale's 
brigade,  however,  was  suffered  when  that  bri 
gade  afterwards  encountered  the  Excelsior  and 
Willard's  New  York  brigades.  Upon  the  other 
hand,  most  of  those  in  the  ic>5th  Pennsylvania 
occurred  as  the  regiment  fought  its  way  back 
with  Humphreys' s  division,  it  halting  in  line  and 
fighting  in  eight  different  positions,  changing 
front  to  rear,  while  under  fire,  four  times. 


212 


GETTYSBURG. 


EMMITTSBURG  ROAD,  INCLUDING  GROUND  TO 
REAR  OVER  WHICH  HUMPHREYS'S  DIVISION 
FOUGHT. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 


Carr1  s  Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Total 
loss. 

Engaged. 

1st  Mass.    . 

no 

21 

1  2O 

nth  Mass  

•    "9 

10 

I29 

1  6th  Mass  

68 

I  \ 

81 

I2th  N.  H  

.      81 

j 
II 

92 

nth  N.  J 

.    141 

12 

«53 

275 

26th  Penna  

.    206 

7 

213 

365 

Total  .    .    . 

714 

74 

788 

5th  N.J.  (Burling'  s)  . 

.      78 

/  ^ 

16 

94 

Killed  and 
wounded. 


Regiment. 

7oth  N.  Y 113 

7ist  N.  Y 78 

72d  N.  Y 86 

73d  N.  Y 154 

74th  N.  Y 86 

I2oth  N.  Y 184 

Total 701 


Total 
loss. 


Excelsior  (Brewster* 's)  Brigade. 

Missing. 

117 

91 
114 
162 

89 
203 

77* 


4 

'3 

28 

8 

3 

19 


75 


Harrow' s  Brigade  {Second  Corps}. 


Killed  and 
wounded. 


Regiment. 

ist  Minn 201 

I5th  Mass 120 

82d  N.  Y.  .  .  1 08 


Total 


429 


Missing. 


28 


43 


Total 
loss. 

20 1 

148 
123 

472 


Engaged. 

243 
305 


Engaged. 
263 

239 
461 

963 


The  loss  of  the  i5th  Massachusetts   includes 
loss  on  the  3d.     The  ist  Minnesota  on  the  3d 


Immense  Granite  Monument  ist  Mass.,  Emmittsburg  Road. 
"  Upon  the  Skirmish  Line." 


SECOND    DAY'S    BATTLE.  215 

lost  24  of  the  62  remaining  on  the  2d,  and  the 
82d  New  York  lost  69  on  that  day. 

Willard's  Brigade. 

*«*•»«*.  wSdS*     Mi»ing.         ™          Engaged. 

39th  N.  Y  ......  95  .    .  95 

inthN.  Y  .....  235  14  249  400 

I25th  N.  Y  .....  130  9  139  .    . 

I26th  N.  Y  .....  221  10  231  402 

Total      .....    681  33  7H 

The  losses  reported  include  those  for  the  2d 
and  3d,  and,  judging  by  what  troops  in  the  same 
line  suffered  on  the  3d,  this  brigade  probably 
lost  200  on  that  day. 

Artillery. 


Randolph's  R.  1.  .  .  29  I  30  and  40  horses. 

TurnbulPs  U.  S.  .  .  23  I  24 

Seeley's  U.  S.     .  .  .  21  4  25  and  28  horses. 

Watson's  U.  S.    .  .  .  20  2  22  .    . 

Total    .....    93  8  101 

Federal  losses,  2496  killed  and  wounded  and 
249  missing  ;  total,  2745. 

CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 
Wile  ox'  s  Alabama  Brigade. 

R«gi™,  «££?     Missing.        ™ 

8th  Ala  ...........    161  .    .  161 

9th  Ala  ...........      58 

loth  Ala  ...........    104 

nth  Ala  ...........      75 

I4th  Ala  ...........      48  257 

Total  .......    446 


2  I  6  GETTYSBURG. 

This  brigade  reports  a  loss,  however,  of  520 
killed  and  wounded  and  257  missing,  which  is 
nearer  correct,  but  it  also  includes  loss,  suffered 
on  the  3d,  of  204  not  reported  by  regiments. 

Perry'  s  Florida  Brigade. 


2d  Fla  .........  81 

5th  Fla  ............  75 

8th  Fla  ............  94 

Total  ..........  250  205  455 


One  hundred  and  fifty-five  of  the  above  were 
lost  on  the  3d,  not  reported  by  regiments,  but 
included  in  the  missing. 

Wright's  Brigade. 


-        issi"S-         Toss*' 
3d  Ga  ............    100 

22d  Ga  ............      96  .    .  .    . 

48th  Ga  .........        .90 

2d  Battalion  .........      49 

Total      .........    335  333  668 

The  casualties  in  Bafksdale's  brigade  have 
been  given  with  those  at  Peach  Orchard,  though 
probably  half  of  them,  370,  were  suffered  upon 
this  line. 

Confederate  artillery  engaged  during  the  day 
reported  losses  for  the  2d  and  3cl  as  follows  : 


SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.  219 

Killed  and  M-    •  Total 

wounded.  Missing-  loss. 

CabelPs  battalion 37  .    .  37 

Alexander's  battalion 133  6  139 

Henry's  battalion 27  .    .  27 

Lane's  battalion 24  6  30 

Total 221  12  233 


Confederate  losses,  1326  killed  and  wounded 
and  652  missing;  total,  1978. 

Among  the  field-officers  killed  or  wounded 
on  the  Federal  side  upon  this  part  of  the 
line  were  General  Willard  and  the  commanders 
of  the  5th,  jth,  and  nth  New  Jersey,  39th,  72d, 
82d,  and  iiith  New  York,  ist  Minnesota,  i5th, 
1 6th,  and  2Oth  Massachusetts,  the  major  of  the 
26th,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  68th  Pennsylvania, 
and  colonel  of  the  3d  Maine. 

The  casualties  in  Humphreys' s  division  were 
caused  to  a  great  extent  by  the  fire  of  Alex 
ander's  battalion  of  six  batteries  of  artillery, 
which  followed  in  the  wake  of  Barksdale's  bri 
gade,  and  were  worked  with  terrible  effect. 

The  losses  of  the  other  regiments  engaged 
in  repulsing  the  assault  of  Wright's  brigade 
upon  Cemetery  Hill  are  not  given,  as  they 
were  but  slight,  and  will  be  included  in  the 
heavy  losses  which  all  those  regiments  incurred 
on  the  3d. 


2  2O  GETTYSBURG. 

EAST    CEMETERY    HILL. 

FEDERAL     LOSSES. 

The  reports  do  not  show  what  casualties  the 
1  7th  Connecticut,  25th,  75th,  and  io7th  Ohio, 
of  Harris's  brigade,  or  the  54th  New  York  and 
1  53d  Pennsylvania,  of  Von  Gilsa's,  suffered  in 
the  attack  upon  East  Cemetery  Hill,  as  their 
reports  include  the  losses  on  the  ist,  but  they 
can  be  approximated  from  those  of  the  following 
regiments  not  engaged  on  the  ist. 

Von  Gils  a1  s  Brigade. 


4ist  N.  Y  ..........      73  2  75 

68th  N.  Y  ..........     71  67          138 

Total  ..........    144  69  213 

73d  Penna  ..........     34  34 

Carrol  T  s  Brigade. 

Killed  and       ...     .  Total 

Regent.  wounded.        Mlssin«-       loss. 

4th  Ohio    ..........      26  5  31 

I4th  In.l  .........      31  31 

7th  W.  Va  ..........      46  I  47 

Total  ..........    103  6  109 

58th  N.  Y  ..........      17  3 

33d  MaQS  ...........     45 

Weiderick's  N.  Y.  battery   ...       13  .    . 

Ricketts's  Penna.  b  ttery.         .    .      23  .    .  .    . 

Federal    losses     reported,     345     killed    and 
wounded  and  78  missing  ;  total  423. 


73d  Penna.  East  Cemetery  Hill.      Bronze  Plate   Representi 
"  ChargingrOut  of  Old  Cemetery'  to'  (Rescue*  oL  Weidrickls 


iRegiment 


SECOND    DAY  S    BATTLE. 


223 


CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 
Hays 's  Brigade. 


Killed  and      ,T.    . 
wounded.       MlsslnS- 


Regiment. 

5th  La 36  13 

6th  La 39  21 

7th  La 51  6 

8th  La 62  13 

9th  La 49  23 

Total 237  76 

Avery's  (Hoke's)  Brigade. 

Regiment.  wounddeS.d    Missine- 

6th  N.  C 151  21 

2ist  N.  C 74  37 

57th  N.  C 26 

Total 251 


Total 
loss. 

49 
60 

57 
75 


313 


Total 
losa. 

172 
III 
62 


J6 
94          345 

Of  the  above,  Hays  lost  63  on  the  ist, 
Avery  145.  Confederate  losses  280  killed  and 
wounded,  1 70  missing  ;  total,  450. 

While  this  assault  is  called  that  of  the  "  Lou 
isiana  Tigers,"  the  three  North  Carolina  regi 
ments  lost  nearly  as  many  as  the  five  Louisiana 
regiments,  according  to  the  reports. 

RECAPITULATION  OF  LOSSES  FOR  THE  DAY. 


FEDERAL. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Round  Top 544 

Wheat-Field 3592 

Peach  Orchard 1008 

Emmittsburg  Road 2396 

East  Cemetery  Hill    ....  345 

Total 7885 


Missing. 

31 

541 

277 

249 
78 


Total 
loss. 

575 
4133 
1285 

2745 


1176        gi6i 


22  GETTYSBURG. 


Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing 

Total 
loss. 

Round  Top     

.    .    .      686 

146 

832 

Wheat-Field    ... 

2416 

406 

2822 

Peach  Orchard     .    . 

T'V-"t-' 

07 

1047 

Emmittsburg  Road     .    . 

.    .    .    1326 

.// 

652 

T"/ 

1978 

East  Cemetery  Hill    .    . 

...     280 

170 

450 

Total    . 

*6*8 

1471 

7I2O 

THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE,  JULY  3. 

THE  battle  opened  on  the  third  day  at  four 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  on  the  right,  on  Gulp's 
Hill,  where  Johnson's  division  had  effected  a 
lodgement  the  night  before.  Here,  as  has  been 
related,  the  enemy  had  been  encountered  the 
night  before  by  Kane's  brigade  of  Geary's  di 
vision  (Twelfth  Corps)  upon  its  return  from  the 
left,  the  advance  of  which  had  been  surprised 
to  find  their  works  occupied  by  the  enemy,  who 
opened  fire  upon  them.  Owing  to  the  nature 
of  the  ground  and  the  darkness,  the  Federal 
troops  were  compelled  to  lie  upon  their  arms 
and  await  the  coming  of  morning. 

In  the  mean  time,  Pickett's  division  of  Long- 
street's  corps  had  arrived  from  Chambersburg 
and  taken  position  opposite  the  Federal  centre, 
between  Anderson's  and  Heth's  divisions  of 
Hill's  corps.  O'Neal's  and  Daniel's  brigades 
of  Rodes's  division  had  moved  out  of  town, 
around  to  their  left,  to  reinforce  Johnson  in  his 
new  position,  as  had  also  Smith's  brigade  of 
Early' s  division. 

Upon  the  Federal  side,  Kane's  and  Candy's 
brigades  of  Geary's  division  had  joined  Greene's 

8  227 


228  GETTYSBURG. 

brigade  of  the  same  division  in  the  works  de 
fended  so  well  the  night  before  by  Greene's 
men.  The  6th  Wisconsin,  i4th  Brooklyn,  and 
i4/th  New  York  Infantry,  of  Wadsworth's  di 
vision,  First  Corps,  and  82d  Illinois,  45th  New 
York,  and  6ist  Ohio  Infantry,  of  the  Eleventh 
Corps,  had  gone  to  Greene's  assistance  and  did 
good  service,  but  returned  to  their  own  com 
mands  upon  the  arrival  of  Candy  and  Kane. 
Williams' s  division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  had 
also  returned  from  the  left,  where  it  had 
gone  the  evening  before,  and  taken  position 
near  Spangler's  Spring.  Lockwood's  indepen 
dent  brigade — ist  Maryland  (Eastern  Shore), 
ist  Maryland  (Potomac  Home  Brigade),  and 
i5Oth  New  York  Infantry — had  joined  the 
corps. 

Colonel  Best  had  his  corps  artillery — Muhlen- 
berg's  F,  4th  United  States,  Kinzie's  K,  5th 
United  States,  Knap's  Pennsylvania,  Winegar's 
New  York,  and  Rigby's  Maryland  batteries — in 
splendid  position  upon  Powers's  Hill,  upon  the 
pike  in  the  rear  of  the  cemetery,  and  upon 
McAllister's  Hill,  and  it  opened  a  furious  fire 
upon  the  enemy,  with  a  range  of  only  600  or 
800  yards. 

Williams's  division,  now  commanded  by 
Ruger  (Williams  being  in  command  of  the 
Twelfth  Corps  and  Slocum  that  of  the  right 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  23! 

wing),  moved  forward  on  the  right.  McDougall's 
brigade — i45th  New  York,  5th  Connecticut, 
46th  Pennsylvania,  3d  Maryland,  12 3d  New 
York,  and  2Oth  Connecticut  Infantry — advanced 
against  the  enemy's  left,  composed  of  the  loth 
and  23/1  Virginia  and  ist  North  Carolina  In 
fantry  of  Steuart's  brigade.  In  the  mean  time 
the  Confederates  attacked  Geary's  division. 
On  the  right  of  their  line  were  Williams' s  brig 
ade — ist,  2d,  loth,  1 4th,  and  i5th  Louisiana  In 
fantry — and  Jones's  brigade — 42d,  48th,  2 ist, 
44th,  5oth,  and  25th  Virginia  Infantry.  Wil 
liams' s  two  right  regiments  attacked  Cutler's 
brigade  of  the  First  Corps,  on  the  left  of  Greene, 
—  56th  Pennsylvania,  76th,  i47th  New  York, 
and  1 4th  Brooklyn  Infantry, — while  the  others, 
with  those  of  Jones,  attacked  Greene's  brigade, 
— 1 37th,  1 49th,  io2d,  78th,  and  6oth  New 
York  Infantry. 

In  the  centre,  the  3d  North  Carolina,  ist 
Maryland,  and  37th  Virginia,  of  Steuart's  brig 
ade,  supported  by  the  32d,  43d,  and  45th  North 
Carolina  Infantry,  of  D  niel's  brigade,  attacked 
Kane's  brigade, — iO9th,  29th,  and  nith  Penn 
sylvania, — which  brigade  was  fighting  inside  of 
and  almost  at  right  angles  to  the  works,  and 
the  Confederates  were  repulsed.  The  1471!! 
Pennsylvania  and  5th  Ohio  Infantry,  of  Candy's 
brigade,  on  the  right  of  and  at  an  angle  to 


232  GETTYSBURG. 

Kane's,  aided  in  the  repulse  by  the  enfilading 
fire  they  were  enabled  to  pour  into  the  attack 
ing"  columns.^  Farther  to  the  left,  Jones's  Vir 
ginia  and  Williams's  Louisiana  brigades  renewed 
the  attack  upon  Greene's  brigade,  being  rein 
forced  by  O'Neal's  Alabama  brigade.  tAt  the 
same  time,  Greene  was  reinforced  by  the  rest 
of  Candy's  brigade, — ;th,  29th,  and  66th  Ohio, 
and  28th  Pennsylvania  Infantry, — and  the  attack 
was  repulsed. 

Walker's  Virginia  brigade  reinforced  Dan 
iel's  and  Steuart's,  and  Lockwood's  brigade  re 
inforced  Greene  and  Candy,  followed  shortly  by 
Shaler's  brigade  of  the  Sixth  Corps, — 230!  and 
82d  Pennsylvania,  and  65th,  6jth,  and  i22d 
New  York  Infantry. 

Some  distance  to  the  right,  Colgrove's  bri 
gade  of  Ruger's  division — 2d  Massachusetts, 
27th  Indiana,  3d  Wisconsin,  i3th  New  Jersey, 
and  loyth  New  York  Infantry — had  resumed 
almost  the  same  position  it  occupied  the  day 
before,  and  was  upon  the  left  flank  of  the  Con 
federate  line  held  by  Walker's  Virginia  brigade. 
In  rear  of  Walker's,  and  at  right  angles  to  it, 
facing  Colgrove's  brigade,  was  the  49th  Virginia 
Infantry,  of  Smith's  brigade,  with  the  52d  Vir 
ginia  immediately  in  rear  of  it,  and  the  jist 
Virginia  some  distance  in  rear  of  the  52d. 
Separating  Smith's  and  Colgrove's  lines  was  a 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  235 

little  meadow,  little  more  than  a  hundred  yards 
in  width.  Across  this  meadow  the  26.  Massa 
chusetts  and  2  7th  Indiana  Infantry  were  ordered 
to  charge  against  Smith's  line,  which  was  on  a 
slight  elevation  in  the  woods  north  of  the 
meadow.  They  started  across  the  meadow 
with  cheers,  the  26.  Massachusetts  being  some 
what  in  advance  ;  but  the  2d  Virginia  Infantry, 
of  Walker's  brigade,  unseen,  was  in  the  woods 
to  their  left,  on  the  west  side  of  the  meadow, 
and  as  they  reached  the  open  ground  they  met 
a  furious  fire  from  Smith's  two  regiments,  and 
the  2d  Virginia,  facing  about,  poured  deadly 
volleys  into  the  flank  of  the  2d  Massachusetts. 
The  regiments  were  driven  back  before  they 
had  crossed  the  meadow,  the  2d  with  a  loss 
of  136  and  the  2jth  with  a  loss  of  no.  The 
Confederates  attempted  to  follow  these  two 
regiments,  but  were  met  by  the  fire  of  the  3d 
Wisconsin  and  I3th  New  Jersey  Infantry. 

For  six  hours  the  terrible  struggle  continued 
along  the  line  of  the  Twelfth  Corps.  The 
volleys  of  musketry  were  deafening.  Nearly  all 
the  woods  in  which  the  battle  raged  have  since 
died,  showing-  how  terrific  was  the  fire. 

o 

The  Confederates,  after  several  attempts  to 
take  the  works  held  by  Greene's  brigade  and 
to  drive  Kane's  from  the  position  it  held  on  the 
right  of  Greene,  at  10.25  massed  in  column  by 


236  GETTYSBURG. 

regiments  and  made  a  last  bold  effort  to  break 
through  the  Federal  lines,  the  attack  falling 
principally  upon  Kane's  brigade,  but  it  was 
repulsed  with  severe  loss,  and  under  the  com 
bined  attack  of  the  six  brigades  of  the  Twelfth 
Corps  the  seven  brigades  of  the  Confederates 
were  driven  beyond  Rock  Creek,  with  a  loss  of 
nearly  2000  killed  and  wounded  and  3  stands 
of  colors. 

At  eleven  o'clock  the  battle  ceased  on  the 
right.  The  Federal  line  was  now  almost  as  it 
was  at  noon  the  day  before,  before  the  Third 
Corps  moved  out  to  the  Emmittsburg  Road  and 
the  Wheat-Field,  except  that  the  Fifth  Corps 
extended  the  line  on  the  left,  occupying  Little 
and  Big  Round  Tops. 

On  the  right,  at  Gulp's  Hill,  was  the  Twelfth 
Corps,  on  its  left  Wads  worth's  division  of  the 
First ;  then  the  Eleventh  upon  Cemetery  Hill, 
on  its  left  Robinson's  division  of  the  First ; 
then  Hays's  (except  Carroll's  brigade,  still  on 
Cemetery  Hill  with  the  Eleventh)  and  Gibbon's 
divisions  of  the  Second  ;  then  Doubleday's  divi 
sion  of  the  First,  including  Stannard's  Vermont 
brigade,  which  had  joined  it  the  evening  of  the 
ist;  then  Caldwell's  division  of  the  Second;  then 
the  Third,  in  support  of  McGilvery's  artillery  ; 
then  the  Fifth.  The  Sixth  Corps  was  distributed 
to  strengthen  the  line.  Wheaton's  brigade, 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  239 

now  commanded  by  Nevin, — 93d,  98th,  io2d, 
and  1 39th  Pennsylvania,  and  62d  New  York 
Infantry, — still  lay  to  the  right  and  front  of 
Little  Round  Top.  To  its  left  and  rear  was 
Bartlett's  brigade,  of  Wright's  division, — 5th 
Maine,  I2ist  New  York,  95th  and  96th  Penn 
sylvania  Infantry, — while  to  its  right  and  rear  was 
Torbert's  New  Jersey  brigade  of  the  same  divi 
sion, — ist,  2d,  3d,  and  1 5th  New  Jersey  Infantry. 
In  rear  of  Bartlett's  was  Eustis's  brigade,  of 
Wheaton's  division, — 7th,  loth,  37th  Massachu 
setts,  and  2d  Rhode  Island  Infantry.  Russell's 
brigade,  of  Wright's  division, — 6th  Maine,  5th 
Wisconsin,  49th  and  H9th  Pennsylvania  In 
fantry, — and  Grant's  Vermont  brigade, — 2d,  3<i, 
4th,  5th,  and  6th  Infantry, — of  Howe's  division, 
were  posted  on  the  extreme  left,  to  the  rear  of 
Big  Round  Top,,  to  guard  against  an  anticipated 
flank  movement  from  that  direction.  Neill's 
brigade,  of  Howe's  division, — 7th  Maine,  6ist 
Pennsylvania,  33d,  43d,  49th,  and  77th  New 
York  Infantry, — was  sent  to  the  extreme  right, 
on  Wolf's  Hill,  beyond  Rock  Creek,  while 
Shaler's  brigade,  as  we  have  noticed,  went  to 
the  support  of  the  Twelfth  Corps.  Stewart's 
United  States,  Weidrick's  New  York,  Ricketts's 
Pennsylvania,  and  Reynolds' s  New  York  bat 
teries  still  occupied  Cemetery  Hill.  Bancroft's 
4th  United  States,  Dilger's  ist  Ohio,  Taft's 


240  GETTYSBURG. 

New  York,  Kakin's  ist  United  States,  Wheeler's 
i3th  New  York,  Huntington's  Ohio,  Hill's  ist 
West  Virginia,  and  Edgell's  New  Hampshire 
batteries,  under  Major  Osborne,  were  placed 
in  the  cemetery.  On  the  left  of  the  cemetery, 
near  Zeigler's  Grove,  were  Woodruff's  United 
States,  Arnold's  Rhode  Island,  Cushing's  United 
States,  Brown's  Rhode  Island,  and  Rorty's  New 
York  batteries,  under  Captain  Hazzard.  Next 
to  these,  on  the  left,  were  Fitzhugh's  New 
York,  Parsons' s  New  Jersey,  Daniel's  Michigan, 
Thomas's  United  States,  Thompson's  Pennsyl 
vania,  Phillips's  Massachusetts,  Sterling's  Con 
necticut,  Hart's  New  York,  Cooper's  Penn 
sylvania,  Dow's  Maine,  and  Ames's  New  York 
batteries,  under  Major  McGilvery.  On  the 
extreme  left  were  Gibbs's  Ohio  and  Hazlett's 
United  States  batteries,  the  latter  now  com 
manded  by  Lieutenant  Rittenhouse. 

The  Confederate  army  was  also  practically 
in  the  same  position  as  it  was  on  the  evening  of 
the  2d,  Hood's  division  being  on  the  extreme 
right.  Benning's  brigade  held  the  ground  about 
Devil's  Den,  which  it  had  captured  from  Ward, 
Robertson's  and  Law's  lay  to  its  right,  at  the 
foot  of  Big  Round  Top,  while  Anderson's  bri 
gade  extended  the  line  westward  from  Round 
Top  across  the  Emmittsburg  Road.  McLaws's 
division  occupied  the  ground  held  the  day  before 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  243 

by  Birney's,  Kershaw  being  at  the  Peach  Or 
chard  and  Woftbrd  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Wheat-Field,  Pickett's  division  lying  to  the  left 
of  McLaws's,  west  of  the  Emmittsburg  Road. 
Hill's  corps  was  still  in  the  centre  and  Ewell's 
on  the  left.  Their  artillery  was  well  posted. 
Along  the  high  ground  on  the  Emmittsburg 
Road  were  Alexander's  battalion  of  8  batteries  ; 
Eshleman's  Washington,  of  4  ;  Deering's,  of 
4  ;  Cabell's,  of  4  ;  and  Pogue's,  of  4.  To  the 
left,  on  Seminary  Ridge,  were  Garnett's,  of  4  ; 
Lane's,  of  3  ;  Pegram's,  of  5  ;  Mclntosh's,  of 
4  ;  and  Carter's,  of  4. 

Smith's  brigade,  of  Stein wehr's  division,  55th 
and  73d  Ohio  and  I36th  New  York  Infantry,  lay 
on  the  west  side  of  Cemetery  Hill,  along  the 
Taneytown  Road,  since  noon  of  the  i  st  until  the 
close  of  the  battle,  and,  though  not  otherwise 
engaged,  its  skirmishers  were  constantly  on  the 
line,  and  the  brigade  lost  heavily,  the  55th  losing 
49,  the  73d  145,  and  the  I36th  109.  The  33d 
Massachusetts  of  this  brigade  was  detached,  be 
ing  between  Cemetery  Hill  and  Culp's  Hill  with 
Stevens' s  Maine  battery,  losing  45.  A  third 
of  a  mile  in  front  of  Hays' s  division  were  the 
Bliss  house  and  barn,  which  afforded  an  excel 
lent  cover  for  the  Confederate  sharp-shooters, 
who  kept  up  an  annoying  fire.  In  the  afternoon 
of  the  2d  the  i2th  New  Jersey,  with  companies 


244  GETTYSBURG. 

of  the  ist  Delaware  and  io6th  Pennsylvania 
Infantry,  charged  the  barn,  encountering  the 
1 6th  and  4Qth  Mississippi  Infantry,  of  Posey's 
brigade,  and  capturing  about  100  prisoners. 
On  the  morning  of  the  3d  the  i2th  New  Jersey 
again  charged  the  buildings,  driving  out  those 
occupying  it.  Soon  afterwards  the  i4th  Con 
necticut  again  charged  and,  by  direction  of 
General  Smyth,  burned  the  buildings. 

THE  FINAL  ASSAULT  UPON    CEMETERY 
RIDGE. 

Preparations  were  at  once  made  for  what 
proved  to  be  the  last  tremendous  and  deadly 
encounter.  Meade  had  strengthened  the  posi 
tion  held  by  the  First  and  Second  Corps  on 
Cemetery  Hill  by  reserve  lines  of  Infantry,  and 
battery  after  battery  had  formed  in  park  until 
eighty  guns  were  trained  upon  Seminary  Ridge. 
Upon  the  other  side,  Lee  had  massed  seventy- 
five  long-range  guns  upon  the  slight  eminence 
held  by  Humphreys' s  division  the  day  before  ; 
and  sixty-three  on  Seminary  Ridge.  These 
guns  were  supported  by  other  batteries  in 
position. 

There  were  two  hours  of  comparative  silence, 
until  one  o'clock  P.M.,  when  the  signal  gun  was 
fired  from  Seminary  Ridge  by  the  Washington 
Artillery  of  New  Orleans,  and  there  was  opened 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  247 

between  the  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  Con 
federate  guns  and  the  eighty  Federal  guns  the 
heaviest  and  most  terrible  artillery  fire  ever 
witnessed  upon  any  battle-field  in  this  country, 
if  upon  any  in  the  world.  It  opened  so  sud 
denly  that  men  were  torn  to  pieces  before  they 
could  rise  from  the  ground  upon  which  they 
had  been  lolling ;  some  were  stricken  down 
with  cigars  in  their  mouths  ;  one  young  soldier 
was  killed  with  the  portrait  of  his  sister  in  his 
hand.  The  earth  was  thrown  in  clouds  ;  splin 
ters  flew  from  fences  and  rocks  ;  mingled  with 
the  roar  of  the  artillery  were  the  groans  of 
wounded  men  and  the  fierce  neighing  of  man 
gled  horses.  For  two  hours  the  air  was  filled 
with  projectiles  of  every  kind,  hurled  from  two 
hundred  guns  ;  but  the  Federal  troops  stood 
the  fire  without  wavering. 

In  the  mean  time  the  fresh  troops  of  Pickett's 
Confederate  division  had  been  massed  under 
cover  of  the  slight  ridge  running  between  Semi 
nary  Ridge  and  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  in  rear 
of  the  artillery,  while  Pettigrew's  division  (for 
merly  Heth's,  who  was  wounded  on  the  first 
day)  was  massed  to  their  rear  and  left  behind 
Seminary  Ridge. 

In  the  rear  of  the  right  of  Pickett  were  the 
brigades  of  Wilcox  and  Perry,  with  that  of 
Wright  in  reserve.  In  the  rear  of  the  right  of 


248  GETTYSBURG. 

Pettigrew  were  the  brigades  of  Scales  and 
Lane,  of  Fender's  division,  commanded  by 
Trimble,  Fender  having  been  killed  the  evening 
before. 

When  the  artillery  ceased  firing,  upon  Chief 
of  Artillery  General  Hunt's  order,  General  War 
ren  having  informed  him  by  signal  from  Round 
Top  that  under  the  smoke  in  the  valley  the 
enemy  were  forming  for  an  attack,  these  troops 
moved  from  behind  their  cover  and  advanced 
majestically  across  the  fields  towards  Cemetery 
Hill,  Pickett's  division  on  the  right,  Petti- 
grew' s  to  its  left  and  rear,  en  echelon,  supported 
by  Scales's  and  Lane's  brigades.  Kemper's 
brigade,  of  Pickett's  division,  was  on  the  right, 
— 24th,  nth,  ist,  7th,  and  3d  Virginia  Infantry; 
on  its  left  was  Garnett's, — 8th,  i8th,  igth,  28th, 
and  56th  Virginia  Infantry, — while  Armistead's 
— 1 4th,  gth,  53d,  57th,  and  38th  Virginia  Infan 
try — was  in  the  rear,  moving  rapidly  to  take 
position  on  their  left. 

On  the  left  of  Pickett  were  the  four  brigades 
of  Pettigrew' s  division  :  first,  Frye's  (Archer 
being  a  prisoner), — i  st,  7th,  and  1 4th  Tennessee, 
5th  and  1 3th  Alabama  Infantry  ;  then  Marshall's 
(formerly  Pettigrew's), — nth,  26th,  47th,  and 
52d  North  Carolina  Infantry  ;  Davis's, — 2d,  i  ith, 
and  42d  Mississippi  and  55th  North  Carolina  In 
fantry  ;  and  Brockenbrough's, — 22d,  23d,  4Oth, 


THIRD   DAY'S   BATTLE.  25! 

47th,  and  55th  Virginia  Infantry.  In  the  rear 
of  Frye's  and  Marshall's  brigades  were  Low- 
ranee's  (formerly  Scales's) — i6th,  22d,  34th, 
1 3th,  and  38th  North  Carolina  Infantry — and 
Lane's, — 33d,  i8th,  ;th,  28th,  and  37th  North 
Carolina  Infantry, — these  two  brigades  being 
under  Trimble.  Together,  the  assaulting  party 
numbered  about  14,000.  The  point  of  direction 
was  the  small  ''copse"  of  trees  to  the  left  of 
Zeigler's  Grove,  held  by  Gibbon's  division  of 
the  Second  Corps.  After  advancing  some  dis 
tance,  the  three  brigades  of  Pickett's  division 
made  a  half-wheel  to  the  left,  in  order  to  move 
towards  the  objective  point. 

McGilvery's  forty  guns  on  the  left,  with  those 
of  the  two  batteries  on  Round  Top,  opened  a 
terrible  fire  upon  them,  partly  taking  them  in 
flank,  and  soon  afterwards  Hazzard's  and  Os- 
borne's  batteries  opened  upon  them,  the  former 
with  shrapnel  and  canister,  when  their  line  was 
near  enough. 

Into  their  steady  ranks  were  poured  solid 
shot,  spherical  case,  shrapnel,  shell,  and  canister. 
Great  gaps  were  torn  in  their  lines,  but  they 
closed  up  each  time  and  moved  bravely  on 
against  the  deadly  storm.  They  reached  the 
Emmittsburg  Road  within  five  hundred  feet  of 
the  Federal  line,  posted  behind  the  stone  walls. 
As  Kemper's  brigade  on  the  right  of  Pickett's 


252  GETTYSBURG. 

division  executed  the  wheel,  its  front  and  flank 
were  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  2Oth  New  York 
and  i5ist  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  of  Double- 
day's  division,  and  to  that  of  Stannard's  brigade, 
—i  3th,  1 4th,  and  i6th  Vermont  Infantry, — of 
the  same  division,  which  regiments  were  on  the 
left  of  Gibbon's  division,  and  as  the  assaulting 
columns  moved  on  towards  the  copse  of  trees, 
the  two  first-named  regiments,  moving  in  the 
same  direction,  continued  firing,  while  the  i3th 
and  1 6th  Vermont,  by  direction  of  General 
Hancock,  changed  front  forward  on  first  com 
pany  and  opened  directly  upon  Kemper's  flank, 
nearly  destroying  the  24th  and  iith  Virginia 
Regiments,  and  causing  his  brigade  to  crowd  to 
the  left.  Armistead's  brigade  moved  rapidly  in 
between  Kemper's  and  Garnett's,  and  together 
they  charged  to  the  projection  and  angle  of 
the  wall  held  by  Webb's  Philadelphia  brigade, — 
69 th,  7  ist,  and  72d,  and  two  companies  of  the 
io6th  Pennsylvania  Infantry  (the  balance  of  the 
io6th  having  been  sent  the  evening  before  to 
support  batteries  on  Cemetery  Hill).  As  the  di 
vision  neared  the  wall  it  was  joined  on  its  left 
by  Frye's  Tennessee  brigade,  of  Pettigrew's  line, 
and  at  the  same  time  Lowrance's  North  Caro 
lina  brigade  rushed  from  the  rear  and  joined 
Frye's  and  Garnett's  at  the  angle  of  the  wall. 
The  two  guns  of  Cushing's  battery  at  the  wall 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  255 

were  silenced,  and  the  left  of  the  7 1  st  Pennsyl 
vania  was  withdrawn  to  a  line  with  the  right,  at 
the  wall  to  the  rear.  Through  this  gap  the 
Confederates  crossed  the  wall.  Garnett  had 
been  killed  and  Kemper  wounded.  The  other 
guns  of  Gushing' s  Battery  A,  4th  United  States, 
were  posted  near  the  clump  of  trees  near  by. 
Armistead,  putting  his  hat  on  his  sword,  dashed 
forward  towards  the  battery,  followed  by  a  por 
tion  of  his  command,  and  fell  dead  by  the  side  of 
Gushing,  near  the  "copse"  of  woods,  which  was 
the  extreme  point  reached  by  the  Confederates 
in  this  charge. 

As  the  right  flank  of  the  6gth  Pennsylvania 
was  passed,  the  two  right  companies  were 
thrown  back  at  an  angle  to  the  wall,  firing  into 
the  enemy  that  had  crossed  it.  At  the  same 
time,  to  the  left  of  the  regiment,  there  was  a 
gap  in  the  wall  which  had  been  made  for  the 
passage  of  a  battery  the  day  before.  Through 
this  gap  the  enemy  also  passed,  but  the  regi 
ment  held  its  position.  Cowan's  New  York 
battery  galloped  up  and  opened  with  double 
charges  of  canister,  at  twenty  paces,  upon  the 
enemy  who  had  passed  the  left  of  the  69th. 

The  72cl  and  the  two  companies  of  the  io6th 
Pennsylvania  moved  from  their  position  in  the 
second  line  to  the  right  and  rear  of  the  69th,  and 
opened  upon  the  enemy  crowding  over  the  wall. 


256  GETTYSBURG. 

To  the  left  of  Webb's,  Hall's  brigade,— 
1 9th  and  2oth  Massachusetts,  42d  and  59th 
New  York,  and  7th  Michigan  Infantry, — after 
firing  at  short  range  upon  the  enemy  in  its  front, 
made  a  half-wheel  to  the  rear  and  attacked  the 
enemy  in  flank.  Harrow's  brigade — ist  Min 
nesota,  1 5th  Massachusetts,  iQth  Maine,  and 
82 d  New  York  Infantry — moved  from  the  left 
and  also  attacked  Pickett  in  flank.  General 
Hancock,  riding  to  the  very  front,  was  wounded, 
and,  lying  upon  the  front  line  in  a  reclining 
position,  with  the  blood  gushing  from  a  wound 
in  the  groin,  directed  the  battle. 

Farther  to  the  right,  Marshall's  brigade, — i  ith, 
26th,  47th,  and  52d  North  Carolina, — Davis's, 
— 2d,  i  ith,  and  42d  Mississippi,  and  55th  North 
Carolina, — and  Lane's, — 7th,  i8th,  28th,  33d, 
and  37th  North  Carolina, — were  fighting  with 
Smyth's  brigade  of  Hays' s  division  of  the  Sec 
ond  Corps, — 1 2th  New  Jersey,  ist  Delaware, 
1 4th  Connecticut,  and  io8th  New  York  Infan 
try, — and  Sherrill's  (formerly  Willard's), — 39th, 
1 1  ith,  1 25th,  and  12 6th  New  York  Infantry. 
The  two  little  brigades  of  Hays's  division  poured 
fearful  volleys  into  the  brave  foe,  which  com 
pelled  some  of  them  to  crowd  to  their  right 
upon  Pickett,  while  others  fled  or  surrendered. 
Woodruff's  battery,  in  the  grove  to  the  right, 
moved  forward  and  swept  the  enemy  with  can 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  259 

ister.  The  8th  Ohio,  on  the  skirmish  line  to 
the  right,  changed  front  forward  on  left  com 
pany,  and  opened  fire  upon  the  flank. 

Meanwhile,  to  the  left,  at  the  angle  of  the 
wall,  the  several  regiments  mentioned  advanced 
and  poured  into  the  yelling  and  desperate  as 
sailants  a  converging  deadly  fire,  and  the  attack 
was  ended.  When  the  smoke  lifted,  the  three 
brigades  of  Pickett's  division  were  annihilated. 
Nearly  half  of  those  who  survived  the  death 
which  they  so  bravely  faced  were  prisoners. 
The  division  lost  all  three  of  its  brigadiers,  Gar- 
nett  and  Armistead  being  killed,  and  Kemper 
severely  wounded  and  a  prisoner.  It  lost  every 
field-officer  of  its  fifteen  regiments,  except  one 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  two-thirds  of  its  line  offi 
cers  were  either  killed  or  wounded,  and  but 
about  2000  out  of  4900  men  returned  to  their 
line.  It  lost  twelve  out  of  fifteen  battle-flags. 

Pettigrew's  and  Trimble's  divisions  had  also 
been  repulsed  with  a  loss  of  about  2000,  and 
fifteen  stands  of  colors.  Troops  had  been 
hurried  from  the  First,  Third,  and  Sixth  Corps 
to  aid  in  repulsing  the  attack,  but  it  had  ended 
before  they  arrived. 

The  left  of  the  charging  column,  under  Pet- 
tigrew  and  Trimble,  suffered  as  severely  as  the 
right,  under  Pickett. 

Great  injustice  has  been   done  these  troops 

9 


260  GETTYSBURG. 

by  the  prevailing  erroneous  impression  that 
they  failed  to  advance  with  those  of  Pickett. 
Such  is  not  the  fact.  As  they  were  formed  behind 
Seminary  Ridge,  they  had  over  thirteen  hundred 
yards  to  march  under  the  terrible  fire  to  which 
they  were  exposed,  while  Pickett's  division, 
being  formed  under  cover  of  the  intermediate 
ridge,  had  but  nine  hundred  yards  to  march 
under  fire.  At  the  first  the  assaulting  columns 
advanced  en  echelon,  but  when  they  reached  the 
Emmittsburg  Road  they  were  on  a  line,  and  to 
gether  they  crossed  the  road.  The  left  of  Pet- 
tigrew's  command  becoming  first  exposed  to 
the  fearful  enfilading  fire  upon  their  left  flank 
from  the  8th  Ohio  and  other  regiments  of  Hays's 
division,  and  of  Woodruff's  battery  and  other 
troops,  the  men  on  that  portion  of  the  line 
(Brockenbrough's  brigade)  either  broke  to  the 
rear  or  threw  themselves  on  the  ground  for 
protection.  But  Pettigrew's  other  brigades, — 
Frye's,  Davis's,  and  Marshall's, — with  the  bri 
gades  of  Lowrance  and  Lane,  under  Trimble, 
advanced  with  Pickett  up  to  the  stone  wall,  and 
there  fought  desperately.  This  is  substantiated 
by  the  fact  that  the  colors  of  the  ist  and  izj-th 
Tennessee  and  i3th  and  5th  Alabama  were 
captured  at  the  angle  of  the  wall,  and  eleven 
others  were  picked  up  between  the  Emmitts 
burg  Road  and  the  stone  wall,  in  front  of  Hays's 


THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE.  263 

division.  Pettigrew  and  Trimble,  with  three 
of  their  brigade  commanders,  Frye,  Marshall, 
and  Lowrance,  were  wounded.  Davis's  brigade 
lost  all  its  field-officers,  Marshall's  all  but  one, 
and  Frye's  five  out  of  seven. 

As  the  assaulting  columns  reached  the  wall, 
Wilcox's  Alabama  and  Perry's  Florida  brigades 
to  the  right,  marching  according  to  orders,  but 
having  become  separated  from  Pickett,  had 
resumed  the  march  towards  the  left,  advancing 
from  the  top  of  the  crest,  from  behind  which 
Pickett  had  emerged,  directly  towards  McGil- 
very's  batteries  and  the  Third  Corps,  but,  being 
received  with  a  severe  fire  by  Stannard's  Ver- 
monters,  who  had  changed  front  again,  and  ex 
posed  to  a  heavy  artillery  fire,  and  seeing  the 
commands  of  Pickett,  Pettigrew,  and  Trimble 
repulsed,  they  withdrew  under  cover  of  the  hill. 

Thus  ended  this  reckless  and  ever-renowned 
effort  to  carry  Cemetery  Hill  by  direct  assault 
in  the  face  of  a  hundred  cannon  and  of  the 
Federal  army.  The  bravery  displayed  by  the 
troops  engaged  in  it  will  be  ever  admired  by  all 
those  who  have  a  pride  in  American  courage. 
The  point  which  the  charging  columns  reached 
is  well  known  as  the  "  hitrh-water-mark  of  the 

o 

Rebellion,"  as  from  the  time  of  that  repulse 
until  the  close  of  the  war  the  hopes  of  its 
leaders  waned,  and  reverses  attended  the 


264  GETTYSBURG. 

courageous  and  determined  efforts  of  its  armies. 
The  prominent  Confederate  officers  killed  or 
wounded  in  this  struggle  have  already  been 
named.  Upon  the  Federal  side,  Hancock, 
Gibbon,  Webb,  Stannard,  and  Smyth  were 
wounded.  Among  the  killed  were  Colonel 
Sherrill,  commanding  Willard's  brigade,  the  colo 
nel  and  lieutenant-colonel  6gth  Pennsylvania, 
lieutenant-colonels  59th  New  York  and  yth 
Michigan,  and  Rorty,  Cushing,  and  Woodruff. 

But  why  call  this  Pickett's  charge?  In  this 
assault  there  were  engaged  42  Confederate 
regiments.  In  Pickett's  division  there  were  15 
Virginia  regiments.  In  Pettigrew's  and  Trim 
ble's  there  were  15  North  Carolina,  3  Missis 
sippi,  3  Tennessee,  2  Alabama,  and  4  Virginia, 
the  latter  being  Brockenbrough's  brigade.  In 
addition  to  the  artillery  fire,  they  encountered  9 
regiments  of  New  York,  5  of  Pennsylvania,  3 
of  Massachusetts,  3  of  Vermont,  i  of  Michigan, 
i  of  Maine,  i  of  Minnesota,  i  of  New  Jersey,  i  of 
Connecticut,  i  of  Ohio,  i  of  Delaware, — 27  in  all. 

The  troops  of  Trimble's  and  Pettigrew's  divi 
sions  behaved  as  gallantly  as  those  of  Pickett. 
Some  prominent  writers,  even  historians  like 
Swinton  and  Lossing,  have  said  that  the  left  of 
the  line  did  not  advance  as  was  expected,  and 
that  it  was  because  the  troops  were  not  of  the 
same  "fine  quality"  as  those  upon  the  right; 


THIRD    DAY'S    BATTLE.  267 

that  they  were  "raw,  undisciplined,"  etc.  Yet 
but  two  days  before  these  same  soldiers  of 
Pettigrew  and  Trimble  had  fought  around  Rey 
nolds' s  Grove  for  six  hours,  in  a  struggle  with 
the  First  Corps  that  is  unsurpassed  for  bravery 
and  endurance,  and  where  so  many  of  their 
number  had  fallen.  There  were,  in  fact,  no 
better  troops  in  the  Confederate  army  than  they. 
Is  history  repeating  itself?  If  the  event  is  cor 
rectly  recorded,  there  were  at  Thermopylae  300 
Spartans,  700  Thespians,  and  300  Thebans.  It 
is  said  the  latter  went  over  to  the  enemy,  but 
the  Thespians  died,  to  a  man,  "at  the  pass" 
with  the  Spartans.  Yet  for  twenty-three  cen 
turies  epic  song  and  story  have  well  preserved 
the  memory  of  the  Spartans,  while  the  devoted 
Thespians  are  forgotten. 

All  honor  to  the  Spartan  Virginians  who,  with 
well-dressed  ranks  and  in  splendid  array,  moved 
so  gallantly,  so  steadily,  so  dauntlessly  across 
that  death-swept  field,  but  honor,  too,  the  Thes 
pian  North  Carolinians  and  other  troops  who, 
too,  marched  and  fought  there  that  day.  The 
valor  of  the  one  will  not  be  dimmed  by  according 
justice  to  the  other. 

This  assault  was  a  reckless  and  useless  waste 
of  valor  and  life.  Had  those  making  it  suc 
ceeded  in  breaking  the  Federal  line,  their  success 
could  only  have  been  temporary,  as  they  must 


268  GETTYSBURG. 

have  succumbed  to  the  immense  number  of 
troops,  who,  without  weakening  the  line  else 
where,  were  hurrying"  to  the  point  of  attack. 

The  Memorial  Association,  with  appropria 
tions  especially  made  by  the  States  for  that 
purpose,  has  erected  at  the  copse  of  trees  a 
very  unique  and  artistic  memorial,  and  upon 
the  open  pages  of  an  immense  bronze  volume 
are  recorded  the  incidents  of  this  historic  assault, 
with  the  names  of  all  the  commands  that  par 
ticipated  in  it  on  both  sides. 

GREGG'S  CAVALRY  FIGHT  ON  THE 
RIGHT  FLANK. 

It  was  part  of  General  Lee's  plan  to  send 
Stuart's  cavalry  with  portions  of  Ewell's  corps 
during  the  assault  upon  the  centre  of  the  Fed 
eral  army  around  its  right  flank,  with  the  inten 
tion  of  gaining  its  rear,  and  thus  cause  conster 
nation  among  the  troops  at  the  very  time  of  the 
attack  in  front. 

Out  on  the  Bonnaughtown  or  Hanover  road, 
some  three  miles  to  the  right  and  in  advance  of 
the  Federal  infantry,  was  the  cavalry  division  of 
General  D  McM.  Gregg.  With  this  division, 
and  for  the  time  acting  under  General  Gregg, 
was  Glister's  splendid  Michigan  brigade,  of  Kil- 
patrick's  division. 

Gregg's  division  consisted  of  Mclntosh's  bri- 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  271 

gade, — 3d  Pennsylvania,  ist  New  Jersey,  and 
ist  Maryland  Cavalry, — Randoll's  Light  Bat 
tery  E,  ist  United  States  (the  ist  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry  being  upon  duty  at  Meade's  head 
quarters  with  the  2d  Pennsylvania,  and  the  ist 
Massachusetts  being  with  the  Sixth  Corps), 
and  J.  Irvin  Gregg's  brigade, — i6th  Pennsyl 
vania,  ist  Maine,  and  loth  New  York  Cavalry 
(the  4th  Pennsylvania  having  been  ordered  to 
report  to  General  Pleasonton  in  rear  of  the 
centre).  Huey's  brigade  of  this  division — 2d 
and  4th  New  York,  6th  Ohio,  and  8th  Pennsyl 
vania  Cavalry — had  been  sent  to  Westminster 
to  protect  the  trains.  Custer's  brigade  was 
composed  of  the  ist,  5th,  6th,  and  yth  Michi 
gan  Cavalry  and  Pennington's  Light  Battery 
M,  2d  United  States. 

During  the  heavy  cannonading,  General  Stu 
art,  leaving  some  sharp-shooters  in  front  to  en 
gage  the  attention  of  the  Federal  cavalry,  moved 
swiftly  to  his  right  under  cover  of  the  woods, 
with  the  brigades  of  Hampton,  Fitzhugh  Lee, 
W.  H.  F.  Lee,  and  Jenkins,  and  Breathed's  and 
Griffin's  Maryland  and  McGregor's  Virginia 
Light  Batteries.  When  he  debouched  from  the 
woods,  to  his  surprise  he  found  that  Gregg  had 
been  on  the  alert  and  was  in  his  front  Having 
failed  to  elude  his  adversary,  Stuart  now  deter 
mined  to  force  his  way,  and  there  ensued  upon 


272  GETTYSBURG. 

those  fields  one  of  the  best   and  most  closely 
fought  cavalry  engagements  of  the  war. 

Custer's  brigade  had  just  left  its  position  to 
return  and  rejoin  its  division  on  the  left  flank, 
and  Mclntosh's  had  taken  its  place,  the  ist 
New  Jersey  and  a  part  of  the  3d  Pennsylvania 
being  on  the  skirmish  line.  Mclntosh,  con 
vinced  that  the  enemy  was  in  his  front,  de 
termined  to  develop  it,  and  advanced  his  skir 
mish  line  to  near  Rummell's  barn,  when  the 
engagement  opened.  The  Confederate  line  was 
held  by  a  portion  of  Hampton's  and  Fitzhugh 
Lee's  brigades. 

Gregg  immediately  ordered  Custer  back  with 
his  brigade,  the  ist  Maryland  was  placed  on 
the  right  to  guard  that  flank,  and  Irvin  Gregg's 
brigade  was  also  ordered  up  at  a  trot.  Stuart 
at  the  same  time  brought  forward,  on  his  right, 
Jenkins's  brigade, -- 1 4th,  i6th,  i7th,  34th, 
and  35th  Virginia  Mounted  Infantry.  The  6th 
Michigan  went  into  position  to  meet  it  on  the 
left  of  the  3d  Pennsylvania.  In  the  mean  time, 
Randol's  and  Pennington's  batteries  opened 
fire  upon  those  of  the  enemy  on  the  hill  back  of 
Rummell's  house.  The  enemy  now  attempted 
to  turn  the  right  of  the  Federal  line,  but  was 
repulsed  by  a  gallant  charge  of  a  squadron  of 
the  3d  Pennsylvania.  The  ist  New  Jersey's 
and  3d  Pennsylvania's  ammunition  was  nearly 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  275 

exhausted,  when  the  5th  Michigan  was  sent  to 
relieve  them  ;  but  at  the  same  time  W.  H.  F. 
Lee's  brigade  (being  commanded  by  Chambliss) 
— 9th,  loth,  and  i3th  Virginia,  and  2d  North 
Carolina  Cavalry — came  to  the  support  of  the 
Confederate  line.  The  3d  Pennsylvania  re 
turned  to  the  line,  with  the  ist  New  Jersey,  and 
fought  dismounted  along  the  fence  until  every 
cartridge  of  carbine  and  pistol  was  gone.  At 
the  same  time  Jenkins's  brigade  was  repulsed 
by  the  6th  Michigan  with  its  repeating  rifles. 
Fitzhugh  Lee's  brigade — ist,  2d,  3d,  4th,  and 
5th  Virginia  Cavalry — now  reinforced  the  Con 
federate  left.  The  i  st  Virginia  charged  in  splen 
did  style  against  Gregg's  right  centre,  and  was 
met  in  a  counter-charge  by  the  7th  Michigan,  in 
close  column  of  squadrons.  They  met  at  a 
fence,  where,  face  to  face,  they  fought  in  a  des 
perate  manner.  The  Confederates  were  rein 
forced  ;  when  the  5th  Michigan  went  to  the  assist 
ance  of  the  7th,  which  was  falling  back,  the  ist 
New  Jersey  and  3d  Pennsylvania  opened  on  the 
flanks  of  the  ist  Virginia  and  the  rest  of  Fitz 
hugh  Lee's  brigade,  and  they  were  driven  back. 
As  a  last  desperate  effort,  Hampton's  bri 
gade, — ist  and  2d  South  Carolina,  Cobb's  and 
Phillips' s  (Georgia)  and  Jeff.  Davis's  (South 
Carolina)  Legions,  and  ist  North  Carolina  Cav 
alry, — in  close  column  of  squadrons,  with  sabres 


2  76  GETTYSBURG. 

drawn,  charged  in  magnificent  style  upon  the 
Federal  batteries,  which  poured  into  them  per 
cussion  shell  and  canister. 

Gregg  hurled  against  them  the  ist  Michigan, 
under  Custer.  Upon  both  sides  every  horse 
was  on  the  jump  and  every  trooper  wildly  yell 
ing  ;  the  lines  clashed  together  with  a  terrific 
shock.  The  enemy's  charge  was  checked  ;  but 
Hampton  was  immediately  reinforced  by  Fitz- 
hugh  Lee's  brigade,  and  the  fight  was  renewed. 
Gregg  mounted  all  his  men  as  quickly  as  possi 
ble,  and  Mclntosh,  with  his  staff  and  orderlies, 
joined  in  the  charge.  •  The  fighting  was  at  the 
closest  quarters.  Hampton  was  wounded  with  a 
sabre  by  a  charge  of  a  squadron  of  the  ist  New 
Jersey,  and  Captain  Newhall,  of  the  3d  Pennsyl 
vania,  was  wounded  with  the  spear  of  a  flag-staff, 
tearing  open  his  mouth.  In  a  frenzied  manner 
the  fighting  went  on.  Then  Captain  Miller's 
squadron  of  the  3d  Pennsylvania  charged  from 
the  right  and  went  through  the  Confederate  line, 
cutting  a  portion  of  it  off  and  driving  it  past 
Rummell's,  close  up  to  Breathed' s  Confederate 
battery,  which  limbered  up  and  left  the  field.  At 
last  the  Confederates  wavered,  then  turned  and 
fled  from  the  field.  Many  Federals,  charging 
too  far  ahead,  were  swept  along  as  prisoners 
by  the  retreating  enemy. 

Gregg  and  his  division  had  well  maintained 


THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE.  279 

the  reputation  they  had  for  steadiness  and  dis 
cipline.  Irvin  Gregg's  brigade  did  not  partici 
pate,  as  it  was  engaged  in  preventing  a  move 
ment  upon  the  right  of  the  Federal  infantry, 
and  arrived  to  the  support  of  the  cavalry  after 
the  fight  was  over. 

The  Federal  cavalry,  though  so  greatly  out 
numbered, — being  but  seven  regiments  against 
Stuart's  twenty, — fought  as  if  inspired  by  a 
knowledge  of  the  fearful  consequences  that 
might  follow  its  defeat,  and  as  if  the  safety  of 
the  army  was  in  its  keeping,  and  there,  isolated 
from  the  rest  of  the  army,  the  troopers  fought 
and  won  their  battle.  For  hours  the  booming 
of  light  artillery  and  the  roar  of  carbines  were 
mingled  with  the  crack  of  pistol  and  the  clash 
of  sabre.  Each  assault  of  Stuart  was  hurled 
backhand  charge  was  met  with  counter-charge, 
until,  defeated  and  whipped,  the  famous  Con 
federate  cavalry  leader  was  compelled  to  with 
draw  his  badly  crippled  squadrons  and  abandon 
his  attempts  to  reach  the  flanks  of  the  Federal 
army.  The  fighting  was  nearly  all  at  close  quar 
ters,  and  the  sabre  and  pistol  were  freely  used. 
In  one  spot  there  were  found,  after  the  battle, 
a  Federal  and  a  Confederate  cavalryman  lying 
head  to  head,  each  stretched  at  full  length,  with 
his  sabre  firmly  clasped,  and  each  with  his 
head  split  open,  showing  how  simultaneously 


280  GETTYSBURG. 

they  had  dealt  each  other  death-blows  as  they 
dashed  together. 

THE  CAVALRY  CHARGE  UPON  THE 
LEFT. 

Upon  the  left  of  the  Federal  line  there  was 
also  a  great  cavalry  charge  this  day,  and  the 
Confederates  were  kept  busy  protecting  their 
right  flank.  About  noon  Kilpatrick,  with  Farns- 
worth's  brigade  of  his  own  division — 5th  New 
York,  1 8th  Pennsylvania,  ist  Vermont,  and  ist 
West  Virginia  Cavalry — and  Merritt's  Regular 
brigade,  of  Buford's  division, — ist,  2d,  5th,  and 
6th  United  States,  and  6th  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
— crossed  Plum  Creek  to  the  left  of  Round  Top 
and  endeavored  to  strike  the  supply  trains  of 
the  enemy. 

Farnsworth,  at  the  head  of  his  brigade, 
bravely  charged  the  infantry  posted  behind 
the  stone  walls.  With  the  ist  Vermont  and 
a  portion  of  the  ist  West  Virginia,  he  broke 
through  the  line  of  the  ist  Texas  Infantry, 
and  at  a  furious  gallop  passed  along  the  rear 
of  the  Confederate  line  until  he  met  the  fire 
of  the  4th  Alabama  Infantry,  which  had  been 
hurried  back  from  the  line  to  meet  him,  when 
he  boldly  wheeled  his  brave  command  and 
galloped  westward  straight  for  Bachman's 
South  Carolina  battery  upon  the  slope  of  the 


ist  Vermont  Cavalry  Monument  011  Field  of  Kilpati  ick's  Cavalry 
'Fight  011  Left  Flank  in  Front  of  Big  Round  Top. 


THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE.  283 

hill  near  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  riding  up  so 
close  to  the  mouth  of  the  guns  that  a  captain 
of  the  ist  West  Virginia  fell  in  under  the  guns 
with  his  horse,  which  had  been  shot.  Exposed 
now  to  the  fire  of  the  Qth  Georgia  Infantry, 
which  had  double-quicked  to  the  support  of 
the  battery,  the  intrepid  leader  again  wheeled 
and  attempted  to  ride  along  the  Confederate 
rear,  meeting  this  time  the  fire  of  the  I5th  Ala 
bama  Infantry,  which  had  quickly  moved  back 
from  Law's  line  to  stay  his  daring  advance. 
Once  more  he  wheeled  and  attempted  to  break 
back  through  the  line  of  the  Texans,  but,  being 
surrounded,  he  was  killed  and  his  brave  com 
mand  scattered,  some  of  them  even  escaping 
up  Big  Round  Top,  leading  their  horses. 

Farther  out  on  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  Mer- 
ritt's  United  States  Regular  Cavalry,  in  an  effort 
to  reach  the  trains,  was  engaged  in  heavy  skir 
mishing  for  over  three  hours  with  Anderson's 
7th,  8th,  Qth,  nth,  and  59th  Georgia  Infantry. 
The  movements  wrere  successful  in  detaining  a 
large  force  of  the  enemy's  infantry  on  that  part 
of  the  field  to  watch  them. 

In  the  mean  time,  in  front  of  Little  Round 
Top,  a  rebel  battery  was  causing  considerable 
damage,  and  McCandless's  brigade  of  Pennsyl 
vania  Reserves  was  ordered  to  attempt  its 


284  GETTYSBURG. 

capture.  Leaving  the  6th  Infantry  to  engage 
Wofforcl's  Georgia  brigade  in  front,  McCand- 

o  o 

less  moved,  with  the  ist,  2d,  and  iith  Infantry 
and  Bucktail  Rifles,  to  his  left,  and  then  advanced 
with  the  Buck  tails  as  skirmishers.  The  brigade, 

o 

having  drawn  the  fire  of  Benning's  brigade,  — 
2d,  1  5th,  i  ;th,  and  2oth  Georgia  Infantry,  — 
threw  itself  upon  the  ground  until  the  volleys 
had  passed  over  it,  and  then,  springing  to  its 
feet,  charged  the  enemy  until  it  had  reached  a 
position  in  rear  of  the  battery,  when  it  quickly 
changed  direction  and  swept  over  the  battery, 
capturing  it,  with  two  hundred  prisoners  and  a 
stand  of  colors. 

CASUALTIES    FOR    THE    DAY. 
GULP'S    HILL. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 

GEARY'S  DIVISION  (TWELFTH  CORPS). 

Greene  s  Brigade. 


6oth  N.  Y  ..........  52  .    .  52 

78th  N.  Y  ..........  27  3  30 

I02d  N.  Y  ..........  21  8  29 

I37th  N.  Y.  .    .        ......  127  10  137 

I49th  N.  Y  ..........  52  3  55 

Total  ..........  279  24  303 


m 


bucktail  Rifles  (ijth   Penna.   Reserves),     In   Woods  S    E    of  Wheat, 
Field 


THIRD    DAY  S   BATTLE. 


287 


Candy'  8  Brigade. 

*<*"»«•<•                   SISSS?  »«•-«• 

5th  Ohio    ..........      18  .    .  18 

7th  Ohio    ..........      18  .    .  18 

29th  Ohio  ..........     38  .    .  38 

6oth  Ohio  ..........      17  .    .  17 

28th  Penna  ..........      24  3  27 

I47th  Penna  .........      20  .    .  20 

Total  ..........    135  3  138 

Kane's  Brigade. 

****"'                         wounded*     M«-tag.  f£       Engaged. 

29th  Penna  ......    58               8  66  488 

lOQth  Penna  ......      9               I  10  149 

iilth  Penna  ......    22           .    .  22  259 

Total    ......    89               9  98  896 

RUGER'S  DIVISION  (TWELFTH  CORPS). 
LockwoocTs  Brigade. 

**--••                     »"  "—«•  T£! 

1st  Md  ..........     •   .    103  i  104 

1st  Md.,E.  S.    .    .......      23  2  25 

I50th  N.  Y  ..........      30  15  45 

Total  ..........    156  18  174 

Colgrove'  s  Brigade. 

R«gimen,                                               «£#  Missing.  ™ 

2d  Mass  ...........    132  4  136 

27th  Ind  ...........    109  I  no 

1  3th  N.  J  ...........      21  .    .  21 

3d  Wis  ............      10  .    .  10 

N.  Y  ..........        2  .    .  2 


Total 


274 


279 


288  GETTYSBURG. 


McDougair  s  Brigade. 

Regiment.                                                Killed  and  Mi    j  Total 

wounded.  loss. 

5th  Conn  ...........      2  5  7 

2Oth  Conn  ...........    27  I  28 

3d  Md  ............      8  .    .  8 

46th  Penna  ..........    12  I  13 

I23d  N.  Y  ..........    13  i  14 

I45th  N.  Y.     .........    10  .    .  10 

Total    ..........    72  8  80 

Shaler  's  Brigade  (Sixth  Corps). 

Regiment.                                               Killed  and  Total 

wounded.  loss. 

23d  Penna  ...........  14  .  .  14 

82d  Penna  ...........   6  .  .  6 

65th  N.  Y  ...........   9  .  .  9 

67th  N.  Y  ...........  i  i 

I22d  N.  Y  ...........  42  2  44 

Total  ..........  71  3  74 

Corps  artillery     ........      9  .    .  9 


CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 

JOHNSON'S  DIVISION. 

Steuarf  s  Brigade. 

P      .                                                                               Killed  and  Total 

wounded.  loss. 

1st  Md  ................     144  144 

ist  N.  C  ...............      52  52 

3d  N.  C  ...............    156  156 

icth  Va  .........    ......      21  21 

23d  Va  ...............      18  18 

37*h  Va  ........  •••  ......      54  54 

Total  ......    ........    445  445 

The  brigade,  however,  reported  a  loss  of  482 
killed  and  wounded  and  190  missing. 


N.  Y.,  i.tth  Corps,  Granite  Monument,  Gulp's  Hill. 
"  History  Recording." 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  2QI 

Williams'  s  Brigade. 


ist  La  ................     39  39 

2dLa  ................     62  62 

loth  La  ...............     91  91 

I4th  La  ...............     65  65 

l$th  La  ...............     38  38 

Total  ..............   295  295 

Loss   reported    by  brigade,   352     killed  and 
wounded,  36  missing  ;  total  loss,  388. 

Walker's  Brigade. 

Killed  and  Total 

wounded.  loss. 

2d  Va  ................     14  14 

4th  Va  ................     86  86 

5th  Va  ................     51  51 

2;th  Va  ...............     41  41 

33d  Va  ................     48  48 

Total  ..............  240  240 

Loss   reported    by  brigade,    243    killed  and 
wounded,  87  missing;  total  loss,  330. 

Jones's  Brigade. 


2ist  Va.  ...........    50  .    .  50 

25th  Va  ............    70  .    .  70 

42d  Va  ............    56  .    .  56 

44th  Va  ............     56  .    .  56 

48th  Va  ............    76  .    .  76 

50th  Va  ............  j9  j)9 

407  61  407=468 
10 


GETTYSBURG. 

EARLY' s  DIVISION. 
Smith '  s  Brigade. 


3ist  Va  ...........      20  7  27 

4<Dth  Va  ...........      90  10  100 

52d  Va  ...........      15  .    .  15 

Total     .........     125  17  142 

The  losses  of  Daniel's  and  O'Neal's  brigades 
are  not  reported  separately  for  this  day,  and  the 
others  were  understated. 

Killed  and     ,,.  Total 

wounded.      MlssmS-  loss. 

Total  Federal  losses     ....      1085  70  1155 

Total  Confederate  losses      .    .      1609  391  2000 

The  losses  of  the  Federal  troops  here  were 
comparatively  light,  because  they  were  pro 
tected  by  breastworks  and  the  large  boulders, 
an  advantage  they  seldom  enjoyed  during  the 
war. 

CEMETERY    RIDGE. 

FEDERAL    LOSSES. 

GIBBON'S  DIVISION  (SECOND  CORPS). 

Harrow  '  s  Brigade. 

Engaged. 


igth  Me  .......  195  4  199 

82d  N.  Y  ......      69  69 

1st  Minn  ......      24  .    .  24               62 

Total    .....    288  4  292               62 


S3  PENH* •  INFANTRY: 


72*1  Penna.  (Phila,  Zouaves),  Bronze,  at  Bloody  Angle. 
"  Clubbing  Musket." 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  295 

The  loss  of  the  i5th  Massachusetts,  of  this 
brigade,  in  the  two  days  was  148,  most  of  it 
being  on  the  2d,  where  it  has  been  given  with 
that  of  the  82d  New  York,  which  that  day  lost 
123,  and  the  ist  Minnesota  201  of  263  engaged. 

Webb's  Philadelphia  Brigade. 


Regiment.                                unded  Missing'  Toss! 

69th  Penna  ......    122  7  129             329 

;ist  Penna  ......      79  19  98             331 

72d  Penna  ......    189  2  191             458 

Io6th  Penna.  (2  cos.)    .63  4  67 

Total  ......    453  32  485           1118 

Hall'  s  Brigade. 


I9th  Mass  ..........      70               7  77 

20th  Mass  ..........    124               3  127 

7th  Mich  ...........      65            .    .  65 

42d  N.  Y  ..........          70              4  74 

59th  N.  Y.  (4  cos.)  ......      34  34 

Total  ........    ;    .    363             14  377 

Stannard  's  Brigade  {First  Corps}. 

«*-«•                                                ^d^       Missing.  ™ 

1  3th  Vt  ............    113             10  123 

HthVt  ............      86             21  107 

i6th  Vt  ............    118               i  119 

Total  ..........    317             32  349 

The  losses  of  the  2Oth  New  York,  and  the 
I5ist  Pennsylvania,  of  the  First  Corps,  for  this 


296  GETTYSBURG. 

day  are    not    reported,    being   given   with    the 
heavy  losses  they  suffered  on  the  ist. 


HAYS'S    DIVISION    (SECOND    CORPS). 

Smyth 's  Brigade. 

Killed  and  ,,.     .  Total 

Regiment,                                                   wounded.  MlssinS"  loss. 

I4th  Conn 62  4  66 

ist  Del 64  13  77 

I2th  N.  J 106  9  115 

io8th  N.  Y 102  .    .  102 

loth  N.  Y.  (4  cos.) 6  .    .  6 

Total 340  26  366 

8th  Ohio  (Carroll's  brigade)    .    .    101  I  102 


The  1 2th  New  Jersey  withheld  its  fire  until 
the  enemy  was  within  twenty  yards  of  the  wall, 
and  then  opened  with  buck  and  ball,  causing 
great  slaughter  in  Frye's  and  Lowrance's 
brigades. 

Lieutenant  William  Smith,  in  command  of 
the  ist  Delaware,  was  found  after  the  battle, 
dead,  with  his  sword  in  one  hand  and  a  Con 
federate  flag  in  the  other. 

The  loss  of  Willarcl's  brigade — 39th,  iiith, 
1 25th,  and  i26th  New  York — for  the  two  days 
was  714,  500  of  which  was  probably  incurred 
on  the  2cl  in  the  encounter  with  Barksdale's 
brigade,  and  the  balance  of  200  on  the  3d. 


loSth  N 


Granite.     Clover  Leaf.     2d  Corps   Mark.     HaysVDiv. 
Right  of  "  The  Copse." 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  299 

Artillery. 


Missing,  o 

Woodruffs  U.  S 25  .    .  25 

Cushing's  U.  S 38  .    .  38 

Arnold's  R.  I 31                   i  32 

Brown's  R.  1 26                  2  28 

Rorty's  N.  Y 26  .    .  26 

Cowan's  N.  Y 12  .    .  12 

Total 158                 3  I6l 


CONFEDERATE    LOSSES. 
PICKETT'S  DIVISION. 
Garnet?  s  Brigade. 

Regiment.                                                                  Killed  and  Total 

wounded.  loss. 

8th  Va  ...............       54  54 

i8th  Va  ...............       87  87 

1  9th  Va  ..............       44  44 

28th  Va  ...............      77  77 

56th  Va  ...............       62  62 

Total     .............    324  324 

The  brigade  report,  however,  shows  the  loss 

to  be  402  killed  and  wounded  and  539  missing. 

ArmistccuTs  Brigade. 


9th  Va  ............  71  .    .  71 

HthVa  ...........  108  .    .  108 

38th  Va  ...........  170  .    .  170 

53d  Va  ............  104  .    .  104 

57th  Va  ...........  121  .    .  121 

Total     .........  574  643 


300  GETTYSBURG. 

Kemper'  s  Brigade. 


ist  Va        .        ... 

64 

3d  Va 

67 

7th  Va  

OA 

ntliVa 

IOQ 

24th  Va 

128 

Total    . 

462 

64 
67 
94 

.    .          io9 
.    .          128 

317        462=779 

Total  for  division,  1438  killed  and  wounded 
and  1499  missing. 

PETTIGREW'S    AND    TRIMBLE'S    DIVISIONS. 

In  view  of  the  controversy  as  to  the  com 
parative  casualties  in  Pickett's  division,  and  in 
Pettigrew's  and  Trimble's,  it  would  be  very  in 
teresting  if  those  of  the  latter  two  divisions 
upon  this  clay  had  been  separately  reported, 
they  having  been  so  severely  engaged  on  the 
ist. 

While  they  cannot  be  ascertained  accurately, 
they  can,  however,  be  closely  approximated. 

Commencing  with  Archer's  brigade,  Colonel 
Frye,  commanding  it,  said  that  as  they  neared 
the  wall  General  Garnett,  commanding  Pickett's 
left  brigade,  called  out  to  him  that  he  was  dress 
ing  on  him  (Frye),  and  that  together  they  ap 
proached  the  wall.  This  brigade  reports  a  loss 
of  517  missing,  75  of  whom,  the  report  says, 
were  captured  on  the  ist  with  General  Archer. 


aoth  Mass.  Large  Pudding  Stone,  Brought  from  Home  of  Regiment 
to  Mark  its  Position  near  "  The  Copse." 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  303 

The  balance,  442,  must  therefore  have  been 
lost  on  the  3d,  and  it  can  be  fairly  assumed  that 
at  least  three-fourths  of  them  were  killed  and 
wounded,  if  not  more,  for  the  brigade  here  lost 
5  of  7  field-officers  killed  and  wounded,  and 
line-officers  in  proportion,  and  the  men  in  the 
ranks  were  as  much  exposed. 

In  Pettigrew's  brigade,  the  26th  North  Caro 
lina  reported  a  loss  of  126  missing,  all  of  which 
must  have  been  on  the  3d,  as  the  regiment  re 
mained  in  possession  of  the  field  on  the  ist.  It 
went  into  battle  on  the  3d  with  but  216,  and 
had  but  84  remaining  when  the  regiment  retired 
to  its  own  line.  Therefore  132  must  have  been 
lost  in  killed,  wounded,  and  missing,  and  cer 
tainly  the  other  three  regiments, — iith,  47th, 
and  52d,  the  latter  two  being  much  larger, — 
having  also  gone  across  the  Emmittsburg  Road, 
and  met  the  fire  of  Hays' s  division  and  Wood 
ruff's  battery,  must  have  lost  as  heavily,  making 
a  brigade  loss  of  528,  300  of  whom  were  killed 
and  wounded.  This  is  not  an  exaggerated  es 
timate,  inasmuch  as  the  brigade  lost  here  all  its 
field-officers  but  one,  and  the  report  says  regi 
ments  came  out  commanded  by  lieutenants. 

But  when  we  come  to  Davis's  Mississippi 
brigade  we  have  a  more  certain  basis  of  calcu 
lation.  The  nth  Mississippi  regiment,  being 
on  duty  with  the  trains,  was  not  engaged  on 


304  GETTYSBURG. 

the  ist,  and  its  reported  loss,  202,  was  all  in 
curred  on  the  31!.  The  other  three  regiments, 
2<d  and  42d  Mississippi  and  520!  North  Carolina, 
reported  a  loss  of  killed  and  wounded  of  695  in 
the  two  days.  A  large  portion  of  the  2d  and 
42d  was  captured  on  the  ist,  but  the  remnants 
of  these  regiments,  with  the  55th  North  Caro 
lina,  a  large  regiment,  together  most  likely 
equalled  in  strength  on  the  30!  that  of  the  iith, 
and  lost  as  heavily,  making  at  least  400  for  the 
brigade. 

General  Lane  reported  a  loss  of  660  killed 
and  wounded,  most  of  which  he  says  ''occurred 
on  the  3d,  his  loss  on  the  ist  being  but  slight," 
and  if  it  is  estimated  at  a  third  of  the  entire 
loss,  there  would  be  a  loss  of  440  for  the  3d. 

Scales' s  brigade  lost  425  killed  and  wounded 
and  1 10  missing,  the  latter  of  whom  must  have 
all  been  lost  on  the  30!,  as  it  retained  possession 
of  the  field  on  the  ist.  As  the  remnant  of  this 
brigade  went  up  to  the  wall  with  Archer's,  it 
is  but  fair  to  assume  that  of  the  425  killed  and 
wounded,  at  least  100  were  lost  on  the  3d, 
making  a  total  loss  of  210  for  the  day. 

Brockenbrough's  brigade  reported  a  loss  of 
148  for  the  two  days,  and  most  of  this  occurred 
on  the  ist  in  front  of  Reynolds's  Grove 

The  losses,  therefore,  of  these  two  divisions 
were  approximately,— 


i  nth  N.  Y.  Bronze,  Hays'  Div.     Front  of  Bryan   House. 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  307 

Killed  and  „.     .  Total 

wounded.  >smg'  loss. 

Archer's  brigade 330  112  442 

Pettigrew's  brigade 300  228  528 

Davis's  brigade 244  1 60  404 

Lane's  brigade 264  176  440 

Scales's  brigade 125  85  210 

Total 1263  761  2024 


Wilcox's  brigade,  of  Anderson's  division,  re 
ported  a  loss  of  204  killed  and  wounded  on  the 
3d,  and  Perry's  155. 

Killed  and     ,f-  Total 

wounded.      MlssmS-         loss. 

Total  Federal  losses 2220  112         2332 

Total  Confederate  losses    .    .    .    3060         2260         5320 

There  were  engaged  during  the  day  upon 
Gulp's  Hill  and  Cemetery  Ridge,  upon  the  Fed 
eral  side,  21  regiments  of  New  York,  13  of 
Pennsylvania,  5  of  Ohio,  4  of  Massachusetts,  3 
of  Vermont,  3  of  Connecticut,  3  of  Maryland,  2 
of  New  Jersey,  i  of  Michigan,  i  of  Minnesota, 
one  of  Delaware,  i  of  Wisconsin,  i  of  Indiana, — 
59  in  all  ;  and  upon  the  Confederate  side,  36  of 
Virginia,  22  of  North  Carolina,  7  of  Alabama, 
5  of  Louisiana,  3  of  Mississippi,  3  of  Tennessee, 
and  i  of  Maryland, — 77  in  all,  those  of  Virginia 
predominating  this  day,  as  those  of  North  Caro 
lina  did  on  the  ist,  and  those  of  Georgia  on 
the  2d. 


;o8  GETTYSBURG. 

CAVALRY  LOSSES  ON  RIGHT  FLANK. 

GREGG'S  FEDERAL  COMMAND. 

Mclntosh  's  Brigade. 


ist  N.  J  ........    ...        7  7 

3d  Penna  ...........       15  6              21 

Total  .......        .    .      22  6              28 

Caster  s  Brigade. 


ist  Mich  ...........      55             20  73 

5th  Mich  ...........      38             18  56 

6th  Mich  ...........      27                I  28 

7th  Mich  ...........      61              39  100 

Total       .........    179              78  257 

STUART'S  CONFEDERATE  DIVISION. 

Killed  and       ,r    .•  Total 

wounded.                   *'  loss. 

Hampton's  brigade   .....       75               16  91 

Fhzhugh  Lee's  brigade    .    ...      21               29  50 

W.  II.  F.  Lee's  brigade  .    ...       29               12  41 

Total  ..........    125               57  182 

FEDERAL  CAVALRY  ON  LEFT  FLANK. 
KILPATRICK'S  COMMAND. 

Farnswortli  s  Brigade. 

Killed  and       ,,.  Total 

Regiment.                                                     wounded.                'lng-  loss. 

1st   Vt  ............       38                 27  65 

1st  West  Va  .........        8               4  12 

i8th  Penna.        ........        6                8  14 

5th  N.  Y  ...........        2               4  6 

Total  ..........      54.           43  97 


'Ouster's  Michigan  Cavalry  Brigade  on  the  Right  Flank. 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  311 

Merritf  s  Regular  Brigade. 


Regiment. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Missing. 

Tou 
loss 

6lh  Penna.      .    . 

10 

2 

12 

1st  U    S 

I  2 

-J 

1C 

2(1   U     S 

IO 

J 

7 

*•  j 
17 

5th  U.  S.    ... 

4 

/ 
I 

x  / 

5 

6th  U.  S.     ... 

34 

208 

242 

Total 

70 

221 

20  1 

The  losses  of  the  latter  regiment  occurred  in 
desperate  engagement  during  a  reconnoissance 
near  Fairfield. 


The  battle  of  Gettysburg,  with  its  severe  and 
desperate  fighting  and  terrible  slaughter  and  suf 
fering,  was  over.  The  magnitude  of  the  strug 
gle  was  unsurpassed  during  the  war.  The  re 
sult  of  the  battle  was  a  severe  blow  to  the  cause 
of  the  Rebellion.  The  defeat  of  Lee  blasted  the 
bright  hopes  of  himself  and  other  prominent 
leaders.  He  had  invaded  Pennsylvania  with 
the  intention  of  transferring  to  Northern  soil 
the  burden  of  the  contending  armies  and  to 
threaten  Philadelphia,  New  York,  and  other 
principal  cities.  He  had  crossed  the  Potomac 
with  what  he  considered  an  invincible  army. 
With  that  army  beaten,  crippled,  its  discipline 
and  morale  seriously  damaged,  and  its  prestige 
gone,  he  was  compelled  to  commence  his  weary 
retreat  into  Virginia. 


3  I  2  GETTYSBURG. 

General  Meade  was  loath  to  believe  that  his 
adversary  had  commenced  his  retreat.  Early 
on  the  4th,  Gregg's  cavalry  division  was  sent 
out  on  a  reconnoissance,  and  discovered  the 
Confederate  army  retreating  in  the  most  hurried 
manner.  The  pursuit  was  commenced  by  the 
Cavalry  Corps  under  Pleasonton.  A  portion  of 
it  moved  rapidly  to  Emmittsburg  in  the  after 
noon,  and  from  there  to  Monterey  Pass,  which  it 
reached  after  dark,  and  where  it  found  Stuart's 
cavalry  endeavoring  to  convoy  a  wagon-train, 
more  than  nine  miles  long,  over  the  moun 
tains.  Amid  the  darkness  and  terrible  thunder 
storm  of  that  night  a  fierce  fight  occurred  be 
tween  the  two  forces,  and  the  Federal  cavalry 
defeated  Stuart's,  capturing  many  prisoners  and 
destroying  almost  the  whole  wagon-train  as  it 
madly  dashed  down  the  narrow  mountain  road 
in  the  darkness  of  the  night. 

The  Federal  cavalry  the  next  day  moved  to 
Boonsboro'  and  then  to  Hagerstown,  reach 
ing  there  in  advance  of  Lee's  army.  It  opposed 
his  advance  with  determination,  but  Lee  moved 
on  to  Williamsport  and  Falling  Waters,  where 
he  arrived  with  his  army  in  a  pitiable  condition 
and  without  adequate  means  to  cross  the  river. 

Pleasonton's  troopers  for  several  clays  seri 
ously  harassed  the  enemy,  but  no  general  attack 
was  made. 


_'d  Penna.  Cav.  Bronxe  Dismounted  Trooper,  near  Meade's 
Headquarters. 


THIRD    DAY'S    BATTLE.  315 

On  the  1 3th  of  July  an  attack  by  the  army 
was  ordered  for  the  i4th,  but  when  the  ad 
vance  was  made,  next  day,  it  was  discovered 
that  Lee  had  succeeded  in  transferring  his  army 
across  the  Potomac  the  night  before.  How 
ever,  the  cavalry,  upon  dashing  upon  the  rear 
guard  at  Falling  Waters,  captured  several 
hundred  prisoners.  General  Pettigrew,  who 
had  been  wounded  at  Gettysburg,  was  killed 
here.  With  some  difficulty  Lee  moved  his  army 
to  the  banks  of  the  Rapidan,  and  his  disastrous 
campaign  was  over. 

It  is  idle,  perhaps,  to  speculate  as  to  what 
might  have  been  the  result  had  General  Meade 
been  permitted  by  the  authorities  at  Washington 
to  carry  out  Hooker's  plan,  and  send  the  10,000 
troops  under  French  at  Harper's  Ferry  up  the 
Potomac,  to  destroy  the  bridges  and  the  lines  of 
communication  of  the  Confederate  army,  instead 
of  withdrawing  them  to  Washington.  In  fact, 
there  was  a  large  number  of  troops  in  the  de 
fences  of  Washington  that  could  have  easily 
been  spared  to  reinforce  French,  so  that  he 
could  have  successfully  resisted  the  passage  of 
the  Potomac  by  Lee's  army  when  it  attempted 
to  recross  into  Virginia. 

Again,  the  thought  suggests  itself,  What 
would  have  been  the  result  had  the  20,000 
emergency  troops  of  Pennsylvania  and  the 


3  1 6  GETTYSBURG. 

4000  or  5000  of  other  States,  which  were  lying 
at  Harrisburg  and  in  the  upper  end  of  the 
Cumberland  Valley,  been  moved  during  the 
battle  to  the  passes  of  the  South  Mountain, 
and,  throwing  up  works,  opposed  the  return  of 
the  Confederate  army  over  the  mountain  ?  The 
passes  were  much  nearer  to  the  western  than 
to  the  eastern  side  of  the  mountain,  and  there 
was  every  facility  for  the  construction  of  strong 
defensive  works.  It  will  not  do  to  say  that 
these  troops  were  raw  and  undisciplined.  For 
the  answer  to  it  will  be  the  conduct  at  Gettys 
burg,  as  we  have  seen,  of  such  new  regiments 
as  the  24th  Michigan,  i5ist  Pennsylvania,  and 
those  of  Stone's  Pennsylvania  brigade,  all  of 
which  there  fought  their  first  battle.  What, 
too,  of  the  40,000  French  and  Prussian  boys 
who  fought  and  fell  at  Lutzen  ?  Or  a  still 
better  answer  will  be  the  record  of  the  12 5th, 
1 28th,  and  i3Oth  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  which, 
within  a  month  after  their  muster-in,  fought  at 
Antietam  so  as  to  win  the  admiration  of  vet 
eran  regiments, — the  i25th  losing  146  killed 
and  wounded-;  the  12 8th,  119;  and  the  i3Oth, 
178, — they  being,  as  General  French  said,  "un- 
drilled  but  admirably  equipped,  and  of  the  best 
material."  So  were  these  emergency  troops 
well  equipped,  with  Springfield  rifles,  and  com 
posed  of  intelligent  men,  whose  spirit  can  be 


I 


6th  Ohio  Cavalry.    Granite.     Near  .pleaseiitou's  Headquarters.. 


THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE.          319 

best  judged  by  the  fact  that,  when  they  en 
listed,  they  believed  that  they  were  the  only 
troops  who  would  stand  between  Lee's  army 
and  the  Northern  cities.  Again,  it  must  be 
remembered  that  a  large  portion  of  them  had 
been  in  service  and  had  been  discharged  for 
wounds  or  other  causes.  Among  them,  too, 
were  the  greater  portion  of  the  16  regiments 
of  Pennsylvania  nine-months'  troops  who  had 
recently  been  discharged, — men  who  fought  at 
Antietam,  as  has  just  been  stated,  and  who  had 
also  composed  that  splendid  division  which, 
under  the  intrepid  Humphreys  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  had  gallantly  charged  the  wall  on  Marye's 
Heights,  after  they  had  seen  such  veteran  divi 
sions  as  those  of  Hancock,  French,  and  Howard 
fail  and  the  slopes  covered  with  those  who  had 
fallen  in  the  fruitless  assaults. 

Equipped  and  officered,  and  animated  by  the 
spirit  that  they  were,  these  troops  would  cer 
tainly  have  offered  determined  and  sturdy  re 
sistance  to  Lee's  retreating  army  had  they  been 
in  position  in  the  mountain-passes. 

With  French's  force  destroying  the  communi 
cations  and  holding  the  fords,  with  the  emer 
gency  troops  on  the  mountain,  with  the  cavalry 
and  the  fresh  troops  of  the  Sixth  Corps  thrown 
across  its  path  east  of  the  mountains,  and  the 
balance  of  the  enthusiastic  Army  of  the  Potomac 


^2O  GETTYSBURG. 

\J 

upon  its  rear  and  flank,  what  would  have  been 
the  position  of  Lee's  army  with  its  depleted 
ammunition-chests  and  without  supplies  ? 

Might  not  that  which  happened  two  years 
afterwards  at  Appomattox  have  occurred  in 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  shadow  of  the  South 
Mountain  ? 

TOTAL  CASUALTIES  OF  THE  BATTLE. 


Federals     ........    IJ.555          5435          22,990 

Confederates  (as  reported)  .    15,298          5^5°          20,448 

At  least  a  fourth  of  the  missing  were  among 
the  killed  and  wounded.  Of  the  latter,  there 
were,  as  heretofore  mentioned,  three  killed  to 
seven  wounded,  according  to  the  revised  reports 
of  the  War  Department,  and  the  interesting  and 
highly  instructive  statistics  compiled  by  Colonel 
Fox,  of  Albany,  New  York,  in  his  valuable 
book,  "  Regimental  Losses." 

There  were  12,227  wounded  and  unwoundecl 
Confederates  captured,  according  to  the  listen  file 
in  the  Adjutant-General's  office  in  Washington. 

Only  two  brigades  of  the  eight  of  the  Federal 
Sixth  Corps  were  engaged,  that  of  Nevin  in 
front  of  Round  Top  and  that  of  Shaler  upon 
Gulp's  Hill. 

Every  Confederate  regiment  was  actively 
engaged,  except  those  of  Mahone's  Virginia, 


THIRD    DAY  S    BATTLE.  323 

Posey's  Mississippi,  and  Thomas's  Georgia  bri 
gades,  which  were  only  engaged  as  skirmishers. 
Upon  the  map  which  precedes  this  narrative 
the  positions  of  the  troops  are  marked  with  ap 
proximate  accuracy,  so  that  an  intelligent  idea 
can  be  formed  of  the  location  of  the  lines  of 
battle  during  the  three  days. 

POINTS  ON  THE  FIELD  WHERE  THE  PRINCIPAL 
FIGHTING  OCCURRED,  IN  THE  ORDER  OF  ITS 
SEVERITY. 

Federals. 

Killed  and     A/r     .  Total 

wounded.      MlssmS-          loss. 

1.  Wheat-Field 3592  541  4J33 

2.  Reynolds's  Grove    ....  2880  1191  4071 

3.  Emmittsburg  Road      .    .    .  2396  249  2645 

4.  Cemetery  Ridge 2220  112  2332 

5.  Eleventh  Corps  Line  .    .    .  1768  1427  3195 

6.  Gulp's  Hill 1085  70  1155 

7.  Peach  Orchard 1008  277  1285 

8.  Oak  Ridge  .......  707  982  1689 

9.  Round  Top 544  31  575 

lo.  East  Cemetery  Hill     .    .    .  345  56  401 

Confederates. 

Killed  and     M.  Total 

wounded.      Mlssing-         loss. 

1.  Wheat-Field 2416  406  2822  - 

2.  Reynolds's  Grove    ....  3971  317  4288 

3.  Emmittsburg  Road      .    .    .  1326  652  1978 

4.  Cemetery  Ridge 3030  3550  6580 

5.  Eleventh  Corps  Line  .    .    .  656  121  777 

6.  Gulp's  Hill 1609  391  2000 

7.  Peach  Orchard 950  97  1047 

8.  Oak  Ridge 955  1400  2355 

9.  Round  Top 680  146  826 

10.  East  Cemetery  Hill     .    .    .  488  170  658 

ii 


324  GETTYSBURG. 

LOSSES    BY    DIVISIONS. 


Division. 
Humphreys's  . 
Birney's   . 

Federal. 

Corps.                           * 
.    Third    
.    Thiid    . 

lilled  and 
votmded. 

1865 
1648 

Missing 

227 

;62 

Gibbon's  .  .  . 
Doubleday's  . 
Wadsworth's  . 

.    Second     
.    First      
.    First     . 

1541 

•5°5 

Hor 

93 
59i 
(m. 

Hays's  .... 

Second 

I  22^ 

66 

Caldwell's  . 

Second     .    .        .    . 

1  06} 

->o6 

Ayres's  .  .  . 
Barnes's  .  . 

.    Fifth     
Fifth 

966 
860 

63 

Schurz's  .  .  . 
Barlow's  .  .  . 
Robinson's  .  . 
Steinwehr's  .  . 
Geary's  .  .  . 

.    Eleventh      .... 
.    Eleventh      .... 
.    First     
.    Eleventh      .... 
.    Twelfth    .    . 

8l7 
8l4 
703 
613 

CQ-1 

659 
492 

983 
333 
16 

Williams's  .  . 

.    Twelfth        .    . 

AQJ 

AO 

Crawford's  .  . 

.    Fifth     .... 
Sixth  (not  engaged) 
Cavalry    .... 

210 
212 
442 

3 
3° 
470 

Confederate. 


Division. 
Heth's.    . 

Corps. 

.  .  .  Hill's  .  .  . 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

.     .     .     2316 

Missing. 

C-3A 

Rodes's  . 
McLaws's 
Hood's  . 
Fender's1 

.  .  .  Swell's  .  . 
.  .  .  Longstreet's 
.  .  .  Longstreet's 
.  .  .  Hill's  .  .  . 

.     .     .     2149 
.     .     .     1851 
.     .     .      1847 
I  O*4 

704 

327 
442 

116 

Johnson's 
Pickett's  . 
Anderson's 

.    .    .    Swell's    .    . 
.    .    .    Longstreet's 
Hill's 

.     .     .     I498 
.     .     .     1389 
I  27  C 

375 
1499 
840 

Early's 

Ewell's 

••*/5 

966 

226 

Cavalry    .    . 

.     .     .       I76 

64 

1  In  Caldwell's  "  History  of  McGowan's  South  Carolina  Brigade," 
the  number  of  killed  and  wounded  in  Fender's  division  at  Gettysburg 
is  stated  as  2982. 


-I  Penna.     2d  Corps.     Wheat  Field. 


THIRD  DAY'S  BATTLE.  327 

LOSSES    BY    STATES. 
Federal  States. 

Killed  and  ^,.    . 

wounded.  Musing. 

New  York 4953  1663 

Pennsylvania 4443  I452 

Massachusetts 1078  316 

Ohio 895  376 

Michigan 810  259 

Maine 743  22$ 

Wisconsin ;    .    .    .    .      618  188 

New  Jersey 609  7* 

Indiana 480  69 

Vermont 358  59 

New  Hampshire 321  47 

Connecticut 228  114 

Minnesota 223  I 

Delaware 136  25 

Maryland 136  4 

Rhode  Island 92  5 

West  Virginia 54  13 

Illinois 43  96 

U.  S.  Regulars 1167  296 

Confederate  States. 


North  Carolina 3286  718 

Virginia 2872  1813 

Georgia 2759  689 

Alabama 1788  796 

Mississippi 1445  92 

South  Carolina .  1214  37 

Lousiana 622  128 

Texas 309  120 

Florida 250  205 

Maryland 149  .    . 

Arkansas I42  •    • 

Tennessee 87  300 


328  GETTYSBURG. 

With  some  prolixity,  and  with  probable 
tediousness  to  the  reader,  the  position  of  every 
regiment  and  battery  in  both  armies  actively 
engaged  in  the  battle  has  been  stated,  together 
with  the  casualties  it  suffered  and  the  names  of 
the  commands  which  fought  with  it  and  those 
which  fought  against  it.  The  movements  and 
positions  of  the  several  commands  have  been 
given  as  they  have  been  established  by  the 
information  gathered  by  the  Memorial  Associa 
tion  in  the  manner  mentioned  in  the  introduc 
tion.  The  losses  are  based  entirely  upon  the 
official  reports. 

Every  effort  has  been  made  by  the  Memorial 
Association  to  give  proper  credit  to  each  com 
mand  for  what  it  did,  to  do  injustice  to  none,  of 
North  or  South. 

The  people  of  each  State  can  be  justly  proud 
of  its  troops  who  fought  at  Gettysburg,  and 
may  well  render  unto  them  tributes  of  admira 
tion  and  homage.  And  the  people  of  our 
whole  country  can  rejoice  that  there  was  noth 
ing  done  by  any  to  tarnish  their  record  as  sol 
diers.  The  two  great  armies  of  Americans, 
which,  for  those  three  memorable  days,  in  the 
heat  and  glare  of  the  July  sun  of  1863,  met  m 
determined,  fierce,  and  deadly  combat  upon  the 
field  of  Gettysburg,  by  their  fidelity  and  gal 
lantry,  their  fortitude  and  valor,  carved  the 


42d_New^Yorki(vTanimanyj     .zd,  Corps.  ^  At  "  The  Copse 


THIRD    DAYS    BATTLE.  33! 

highest  niche  in  the  temple  of  martial  fame  and 
glory  for  the  American  soldier. 

"All  time  will  be  the  millennium  of  their 
glory."  One  was  right  and  the  other  wrong. 
But,  in  the  knowledge  of  the  subsequent  de 
velopment,  progress,  peace,  and  prosperity  of 
our  united,  common  country,  victor  and  van 
quished  now  alike  believe  that  in  the  Providence 
of  God  it  was  right  and  well  that  the  issue  at 
Gettysburg  was  determined  as  it  was.  And 
the  people  of  all  sections  of  our  great  republic, 
moved  by  the  impulse  of  sincere  and  zealous 
loyalty,  of  fervent  and  exalted  patriotism,  may 
sav,  "  All  is  well  that  ends  well." 


THE   NATIONAL    CEMETERY. 

GETTYSBURG  was  the  first  cemetery  in  the 
country  dedicated  to  the  exclusive  burial  of 
soldiers,  and  was  the  first  of  our  many  national 
cemeteries. 

A  few  clays  after  the  terrific  battle,  Governor 
A.  G.  Curtin,  of  Pennsylvania,  hastened  to  the 
relief  of  the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers,  visiting 
the  battle-field  and  the  numerous  hospitals  in 
and  around  Gettysburg,  for  the  purpose  of 
perfecting  arrangements  for  alleviating  the 
sufferings  and  ministering  to  the  wants  of  the 
wounded  and  dying.  He  appointed  David 
Wills,  Esq.,  of  Gettysburg,  to  act  as  his  special 
agent  there. 

The  governor,  with  that  profound  sympathy 
and  that  care  and  anxiety  for  the  soldier  which 
always  characterized  him,  approved  the  design 
for  a  soldier's  cemetery,  and  directed  a  corre 
spondence  to  be  entered  into  at  once  with  the 
governors  of  the  other  States  having  soldiers 
buried  on  the  battle-field.  The  governors  of 
the  different  States,  with  great  promptness, 
seconded  the  project,  and  the  details  of  the 
arrangement  were  subsequently  agreed  upon. 

332 


l-N^.V..    (3        .Corp.-,.         Between  Devil's. Den_amL\Vheut_Fk-ld 


THE    NATIONAL    CEMETERY.  335 

Grounds  favorably  situated  were  selected  by 
the  agent,  and  the  governor  directed  him  to 
purchase  them  for  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
for  the  specific  purpose  of  the  burial  of  the 
soldiers  who  fell  in  defence  of  the  Union  in  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg,  lots  in  this  cemetery  to 
be  gratuitously  tendered  to  each  State  having 
such  dead  on  the  field.  The  expenses  of  the 
removal  of  the  dead,  of  the  laying  out,  orna 
menting,  and  enclosing  the  grounds,  of  erecting 
a  lodge  for  a  keeper,  and  of  constructing  a 
suitable  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  dead, 
were  to  be  borne  by  the  several  States,  and 
assessed  in  proportion  to  their  population,  as 
indicated  by  their  representation  in  Congress. 
The  governor  stipulated  that  the  State  of  Penn 
sylvania  would  subsequently  keep  the  grounds 
in  order,  and  the  buildings  and  fences  in  repair. 

Seventeen  acres  of  land  on  Cemetery  Hill, 
at  the  apex  of  the  triangular  line  of  battle  of 
the  Union  army,  were  purchased  by  Pennsyl 
vania  for  this  purpose.  There  were  stone 
fences  upon  these  grounds,  which  had  been 
advantageously  used  by  the  infantry,  and  upon 
the  elevated  portions  many  batteries  of  artillery 
had  been  planted. 

"The  Soldiers'  National  Cemetery"  was  in 
corporated  by  an  Act  of  Legislature  of  Penn 
sylvania,  approved  March  25,  1864. 


33°  GETTYSBURG. 

The  cemetery  is  beautifully  located  upon  the 
highest  ground  of  Cemetery  Ridge. 

The  enclosure  around  it  consists  of  a  very 
substantial,  well-built  stone  wall,  surmounted 
with  heavy  dressed  coping  stone.  This  wall 
extends  along  the  east,  north,  and  west  sides  of 
the  grounds.  The  division  fence  between  the 
Soldiers'  National  Cemetery  and  the  local  cem 
etery  is  of  iron.  The*  front  fence  and  gate-way 
are  of  ornamental  iron-work.  The  gate-way 
bears  this  inscription  : 

"  On  Fame's  eternal  camping  ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread, 
While  glory  guards  with  solemn  round 
The  bivouac  of  the  dead." 

The  gate-lodges  is  a  handsome  stone  building, 
two  stories  high.  The  grounds  are  beautifully 
graded  and  tastefully  planted  with  trees  and 
shrubs.  The  erection  of  the  head-stones,  cost 
ing  over  $20,000,  and  which  took  over  a  year 
to  complete,  is  a  most  permanent  and  durable 
piece  of  work. 

The  eminent  landscape  gardener,  Mr.  William 
Saunders,  of  the  I  )epartment  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  was  employed  to  lay  out  the 
cemetery. 

THE    CRAVES. 

The  grounds  are  laid  off  in  lots  for  each  State, 
proportioned  in  size  to  the  number  of  bodies 


THE    NATIONAL    CEMETERY.  339 

identified  as  those  of  soldiers  belonging  to  such 
State.  There  is  also  a  lot  set  apart  for  the 
burial  of  the  remains  of  those  who  belonged  to 

c5 

the  regular  service.  The  graves  of  about  one- 
third  of  the  dead  were  unmarked,  but  these 
bodies  are  deposited  in  prominent  and  honor 
able  positions  at  each  end  of  the  semicircular 
arrangement  of  the  lots.  The  grounds  natu 
rally  have  a  gradual  slope  in  every  direction 
from  the  centre  of  the  semicircle  to  the  circum 
ference.  Each  lot  is  laid  off  in  sections,  with  a 
space  of  five  feet  for  a  walk  between  each  two 
sections.  The  outer  section  is  lettered  A,  and 
so  on  in  alphabetical  order.  As  the  observer 
stands  in  the  centre  of  the  semicircle,  facing 
the  circumference,  the  burials  commence  at  the 
right  hand  of  the  section  in  each  lot,  and  the 
graves  are  numbered  numerically.  A  register 
was  made  of  the  number,  name,  regiment,  and 
company  of  the  occupant  of  each  grave.  Two 
feet  of  space  is  allotted  to  each,  and  they  are 
laid  with  the  heads  towards  the  centre  of  the 
semicircle.  At  the  head  of  the  graves  there  is 
a  stone  wall,  built  up  from  the  bottom  as  a 
foundation  for  the  headstones,  which  are  placed 
along  the  whole  length  of  each  section,  and  on 
which,  opposite  each  grave,  are  engraved  the 
name,  regiment,  and  company  of  the  deceased. 
These  headstones  are  all  alike  in  size,  the  de- 


340 


GETTYSBURG. 


sign  being  wholly  adapted  to  a  symmetrical 
order,  and  one  which  combines  simplicity  and 
durability.  No  other  marks  are  permitted  to 
be  erected. 

A  few  of  the  States  sent  agents  to  Gettysburg 
to  superintend  the  removal  and  burial  of  their 
dead,  while  most  of  them  intrusted  the  arrange 
ments  for  that  purpose  to  the  agent  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania. 

The  State,  in  uS65,  published  in  book  form  a 
complete  list  by  States  of  all  the  burials,  giving, 
where  possible,  names,  companies,  and  regi 
ments.  The  following  is  the  number  of  burials 
by  States  : 


Maine  
New  Hampshire 

.    104 

40 

Vermont  ....... 
Massachusetts  
Rhode  Island  

.      61 

-    ISO 

12 

Connecticut  
New  York 

22 

866 

New  Jersey  ...... 
Pennsylvania  
Delaware  
Maryland  . 

.      78 
.    526 
•      '5 

22 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan . 

Wisconsin       

Minnesota       

U.  S.  Regulars        

Unknown — Lot  North  .  .  . 
Unknown — Lot  South  .  .  . 
Unknown — Lot  Inner  Circle 


M1 

80 

6 

171 

73 


Wot  Virginia 


411 

425 
143 

3555 


DEDICATION    SERVICES. 


The  consecration  of  these  cemetery  grounds 
was,  in  due  time,  suggested  by  Governor  Curtin. 
Hon.  Edward  Everett  was  invited  to  deliver  the 


THE    NATIONAL    CEMETERY.  343 

oration,  and  the  igth  of  November,  1863,  was 
fixed  upon  as  the  day.  To  Major-General  D.  N. 
Couch,  commanding  the  Department  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna,  were  committed  the  arrangements. 
Birgfield's  Brigade  Band,  of  Philadelphia,  was 
invited  to  furnish  the  music  for  the  ceremonial 
of  consecration,  which  was  done  gratuitously. 
The  Presidential  party  was  accompanied  by  the 
Marine  Band  from  the  Navy- Yard  at  Wash 
ington,  and  the  military  detachment  was  at 
tended  by  the  band  from  Fort  Mctienry,  Balti 
more. 

EXTRACTS    FROM    THE    ORATION    OF    HON.    EDWARD 
EVERETT. 

"Standing  beneath  this  serene  sky,  overlooking  these 
broad  fields  now  reposing  from  the  labors  of  the  waning 
year,  the  mighty  Alleghanies  dimly  towering  before  us, 
the  graves  of  our  brethren  beneath  our  feet,  it  is  with  hesi 
tation  that  I  raise  my  poor  voice  to  break  the  eloquent 
silence  of  God  and  Nature.  But  the  duty  to  which  you 
have  called  me  must  be  performed  ;  grant  me,  I  pray  you, 
your  indulgence  and  your  sympathy. 

"  It  was  appointed  by  law  in  Athens  that  the  obsequies 
of  the  citizens  who  fell  in  battle  should  be  performed  at 
the  public  expense,  and  in  the  most  honorable  manner. 
Their  bones  were  carefully  gathered  up  from  the  funeral 
pyre,  where  their  bodies  were  consumed,  and  brought  home 
to  the  city.  There,  for  three  days  before  the  interment, 
they  lay  in  state,  beneath  tents  of  honor,  to  receive  the 
votive  offerings  of  friends  and  relatives,  flowers,  weapons, 
precious  ornaments,  painted  vases  (wonders  of  art,  which 


344  GETTYSBURG. 

after  two  thousand  years  adorn  the  museums  of  modern 
Europe),  the  last  tributes  of  surviving  affection.  Ten 
coffins  of  funeral  cypress  received  the  honorable  deposit, 
one  for  each  of  the  tribes  of  the  city,  and  an  eleventh  in 
memory  of  the  unrecognized,  but  not  therefore  unhonored, 
dead,  and  of  those  whose  remains  could  not  be  recovered. 
On  the  fourth  day  the  mournful  procession  was  formed; 
mothers,  wives,  sisters,  daughters,  led  the  way,  and  to  them 
it  was  permitted  by  the  simplicity  of  ancient  manners  to 
utter  aloud  their  lamentations  for  the  beloved  and  lost ; 
the  male  relatives  and  friends  of  the  deceased  followed ; 
citizens  and  strangers  closed  the  train.  Thus  marshalled, 
they  moved  to  the  place  of  interment  in  that  famous  Cer- 
amicus,  the  most  beautiful  suburb  of  Athens,  which  had 
been  adorned  by  Cimon,  the  son  of  Miltiades,  with  walks 
and  fountains  and  columns,  whose  groves  were  filled  with 
altars,  shrines,  and  temples,  whose  gardens  were  kept  forever 
green  by  the  streams  from  the  neighboring  hills,  and 
shaded  with  the  trees  sacred  to  Minerva  and  coeval  with 
the  foundation  of  the  city,  whose  circuit  enclosed 

"  '  the  olive  Grove  of  Academe, 
Plato's  retirement,  where  the  Attic  bird 
Trilled  his  thick-warbled  note  the  summer  long,' 

whose  pathways  gleamed  with  the  monuments  of  the  illus 
trious  dead,  the  work  of  the  most  consummate  masters  that 
ever  gave  life  to  marble.  There,  beneath  the  overarching 
plane  trees,  upon  a  lofty  stage  erected  for  the  purpose,  it 
was  ordained  that  a  funeral  oration  should  be  pronounced 
by  some  citizen  of  Athens,  in  the  presence  of  the  assembled 
multitude. 

"  Such  were  the  tokens  of  respect  required  to  be  paid  at 
Athens  to  the  memory  of  those  who  had  fallen  in  the  cause 
of  their  country.  For  those  alone  who  fell  at  Marathon,  a 


THE    NATIONAL    CEMETERY.  347 

special  honor  was  reserved.  As  the  battle  fought  upon 
that  immortal  field  was  distinguished  from  all  others  in 
Grecian  history,  for  its  influence  over  the  fortunes  of 
Hellas, — as  it  depended  upon  the  event  of  that  day  whether 
Greece  should  live,  a  glory  and  a  light  to  all  coming  time, 
or  should  expire,  like  the  meteor  of  a  moment, — so  the 
honors  awarded  to  its  martyr-heroes  were  such  as  were  be 
stowed  by  Athens  on  no  other  occasion.  They  alone,  of  all 
her  sons,  were  entombed  upon  the  spot  which  they  had  for 
ever  rendered  famous.  Their  names  were  inscribed  upon 
ten  pillars,  erected  upon  the  monumental  tumulus  which 
covered  their  ashes  (where,  after  six  hundred  years,  they 
were  read  by  the  traveller  Pausanias),  and  although  the 
columns,  beneath  the  hand  of  time  and  barbaric  violence, 
have  long  since  disappeared,  the  venerable  mound  still 
marks  the  spot  where  they  fought  and  fell, — 

"  '  That  battle-field  where  Persia's  victim  horde 

First  bowed  beneath  the  brunt  of  Hellas'  sword.' 


"And  shall  I,  fellow  citizens,  who,  after  an  interval  of 
twenty-three  centuries,  a  youthful  pilgrim  from  the  world 
unknown  to  ancient  Greece,  have  wandered  over  that 
illustrious  plain,  ready  to  put  off  the  shoes  from  off  my 
feet  as  one  that  stands  on  holy  ground,  who  have  gazed 
with  respectful  emotion  on  the  mound  which  still  protects 
the  dust  of  those  who  rolled  back  the  tide  of  Persian  in 
vasion  and  rescued  the  land  of  popular  liberty,  of  letters, 
and  of  art  from  the  ruthless  foe,  stand  unmoved  over  the 
graves  of  our  dear  brethren  who  so  lately,  on  three  of 
those  all-important  days  which  decided  a  nation's  history, 
days  on  whose  issue  it  depended  whether  this  august  repub 
lican  Union,  founded  by  some  of  the  wisest  statesmen  that 
ever  lived,  cemented  with  the  blood  of  some  of  the  purest 
patriots  that  ever  died,  should  perish  or  endure,  rolled 


348  GETTYSBURG. 

back  the  tide  of  an  invasion  not  less  unprovoked,  not  less 
ruthless,  than  that  which  came  to  plant  the  dark  banner  of 
Asiatic  despotism  and  slavery  on  the  free  soil  of  Greece  ? 
Heaven  forbid  ! 

"  As  my  eye  ranges  over  the  fields  whose  sods  were  so 
lately  moistened  by  the  blood  of  gallant  and  loyal  men, 
I  feel  as  never  before  how  truly  it  was  said  of  old,  that  it 
is  sweet  and  becoming  to  die  for  one's  country.  I  feel  as 
never  before  how  justly,  from  the  dawn  of  history  to  the 
present  time,  men  have  paid  the  homage  of  their  gratitude 
and  admiration  to  the  memory  of  those  who  nobly  sacri 
ficed  their  lives  that  their  fellow  men  may  live  in  safety 
and  in  honor.  And  if  this  tribute  were  ever  due,  when, 
to  whom,  could  it  be  more  justly  paid  than  to  those  whose 
last  resting-place  we  this  day  commend  to  the  blessing  of 
Heaven  and  of  men  ? 


"  I  must  leave  to  others,  who  can  do  it  from  personal 
observation,  to  describe  the  mournful  spectacle  presented 
by  these  hill  sides  and  plains  at  the  close  of  the  terrible 
conflict.  It  was  a  saying  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  that, 
next  to  a  defeat,  the  saddest  thing  was  a  victory.  The 
horrors  of  the  battle-field,  after  the  contest  is  over,  the 
sights  and  sounds  of  woe,  let  me  throw  a  pall  over  the 
scene,  which  no  words  can  adequately  depict  to  those  who 
have  not  witnessed  it,  on  which  no  one  who  has  witnessed 
it,  and  who  has  a  heart  in  his  bosom,  can  bear  to  dwell. 
One  drop  of  balm  alone,  one  drop  of  heavenly,  life  giving 
balm,  mingles  in  this  bitter  cup  of  misery.  Scarcely  has 
the  cannon  ceased  to  roar,  when  the  brethren  and  sis 
ters  of  Christian  benevolence,  ministers  of  compassion, 
angels  of  pity,  hasten  to  the  field  and  the  hospital,  to 
moisten  the  parched  tongue,  to  bind  the  ghastly  wounds, 
to  soothe  the  parting  agonies  alike  of  friend  and  foe,  and 


Til  ft  "s  Now  A'ork  Hattery  Monument,  in  Cemetery, 


THE    NATIONAL   CEMETERY.  351 

to  catch  the  last  whispered  message  of  love  from  dying 
lips.  '  Carry  this  miniature  back  to  my  dear  wife,  but  do 
not  take  it  from  my  bosom  until  I  am  gone.'  'Tell  my 
little  sister  not  to  grieve  for  me ;  I  am  willing  to  die  for 
my  country.'  'Oh,  that  my  mother  were  here!'  When, 
since  Aaron  stood  between  the  living  and  the  dead,  was 
there  ever  so  gracious  a  ministry  as  this  ?  It  has  been  said 
that  it  is  characteristic  of  Americans  to  treat  women  with 
a  deference  not  paid  to  them  in  any  other  country.  I  will 
not  undertake  to  say  whether  this  is  so ;  but  I  will  say  that, 
since  this  terrible  war  has  been  waged,  the  women  of  the 
loyal  States,  if  never  before,  have  entitled  themselves  to 
our  highest  admiration  and  gratitude,  alike  those  who  at 
home,  often  with  fingers  unused  to  toil,  often  bowed  be 
neath  their  own  domestic  cares,  have  performed  an  amount 
of  daily  labor  not  exceeded  by  those  who  work  for  their 
daily  bread,  and  those  who  in  the  hospital  and  the  tents  of 
the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions  have  rendered 
services  which  millions  could  not  buy. 


"  '  The  whole  earth,'  said  Pericles,  as  he  stood  over  the  re 
mains  of  his  fellow-citizens  who  had  fallen  in  the  first  year 
of  the  Peloponnesian  war, — '  the  whole  earth  is  the  sepul 
chre  of  illustrious  men.'  All  time,  he  might  have  added,  is 
the  millennium  of  their  glory.  Surely  I  would  do  no  injus 
tice  to  the  other  noble  achievements  of  the  war,  which  have 
reflected  such  honor  on  both  arms  of  the  service,  and  have 
entitled  the  armies  and  the  navy  of  the  United  States,  their 
officers  and  men,  to  the  warmest  thanks  and  the  richest 
rewards  which  a  grateful  people  can  pay.  But  they,  I  am 
sure,  will  join  us  in  saying,  as  we  bid  farewell  to  the  dust 
of  these  martyr-heroes,  that  wheresoever  throughout  the 
civilized  world  the  accounts  of  this  great  warfare  are  read, 
and  down  to  the  latest  period  of  recorded  time,  in  the 


352  GETTYSBURG. 

glorious  annals  of  our  common  country,  there  will  be  no 
brighter  page  than  that  which  relates  the  BATTLES  OF 
GETTYSBURG." 

ADDRESS    OF    PRESIDENT    LINCOLN. 

President  Lincoln  then  delivered  that  im 
mortal  address,  that  masterpiece  of  English 
composition,  which  will  ever  rank  him  among 
the  world's  greatest  orators  : 

"  Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought 
forth  upon  this  continent,  a  new  nation,  conceived  in  liberty, 
and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men  are  created 
equal. 

"  Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing 
whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and  so 
dedicated,  can  long  endure.  We  are  met  on  a  great  battle 
field  of  that  war.  We  have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of 
that  field  as  a  final  resting-place  for  those  who  here  gave 
their  lives  that  that  nation  might  live.  It  is  altogether 
fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do  this. 

"  But,  in  a  larger  sense,  we  cannot  dedicate, — we  cannot 
consecrate — we  cannot  hallow — this  ground.  The  brave 
men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here,  have  conse 
crated  it,  far  above  our  poor  power  to  add  or  detract.  The 
world  will  little  note,  nor  long  remember  what  we  say  here, 
but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here.  It  is  for  us  the 
living,  rather,  to  be  dedicated  here  to  the  unfinished  work 
which  they  who  fought  here  have  thus  far  so  nobly  ad 
vanced.  It  is  rather  for  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the 
great  task  remaining  before  us, — that  from  these  honored 
dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which 
they  here  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion — that  we 
here  highly  resolve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 


The. National  Soldiers'  Monument.  injCemeteryjL 


THE    NATIONAL   CEMETERY.  355 

vain — that  the  nation,  under  God,  shall  have  a  new  birth 
of  freedom — and  that  the  government  of  the  people,  by 
the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth." 

THE    MONUMENT. 

The  design  of  the  monument,  as  executed  by 
Mr.  J.  G.  Batterson,  of  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
is  intended  to  be  purely  historical,  telling  its 
own  story  with  such  simplicity  that  any  discern 
ing  mind  will  readily  comprehend  its  meaning 
and  purpose. 

The  superstructure  is  sixty  feet  high,  and  con 
sists  of  a  massive  pedestal,  twenty-five  feet 
square  at  the  base,  and  is  crowned  with  a  colos 
sal  statue  representing  the  Genius  of  Liberty. 
Standing  upon  a  three-quarter  globe,  she  raises 
with  her  right  hand  the  victor's  wreath  of  laurel, 
while  with  her  left  she  gathers  up  the  folds  of 
our  national  flag  under  which  the  victory  has 
been  won.  Projecting  from  the  angles  of  the 
pedestal  are  four  buttresses,  supporting  an 
equal  number  of  allegorical  statues  representing, 
respectively,  War,  History,  Peace,  and  Plenty. 

War  is  personified  by  a  statue  of  the  Ameri 
can  soldier,  who,  resting  from  the  conflict, 
relates  to  History  the  story  of  the  battle  which 
this  monument  is  intended  to  commemorate. 

History,  in  listening  attitude,  records  with 
stylus  and  tablet  the  achievements  of  the  field 
and  the  names  of  the  honored  dead. 

12 


35^  GETTYSBURG. 

Peace  is  symbolized  by  a  statue  of  the  Ameri 
can  mechanic,  characterized  by  appropriate 
accessories. 

Plenty  is  represented  by  a  female  figure,  with 
a  sheaf  of  wheat  and  fruits  of  the  earth,  typify 
ing  peace  and  abundance  as  the  soldier's 
crowning  triumph. 

The  main  die  of  the  pedestal  is  octagonal  in 
form,  panelled  upon  each  face.  The  cornice 
and  plinth  above  are  also  octagonal,  and  are 
heavily  moulded.  Upon  this  plinth  rests  an 
octagonal  moulded  base  bearing  upon  the  face, 
in  high  relief,  the  national  arms.  The  upper 
die  and  cap  are  circular  in  form,  the  die  being 
encircled  by  stars  equal  in  number  with  the 
States  whose  sons  contributed  their  lives  as  the 
price  of  the  victory  won  at  Gettysburg. 

STATE    APPROPRIATIONS. 

The  States  made  the  following  appropriations 
for  the  enclosing,  laying  out,  ornamenting,  and 
maintenance  of  the  cemetery,  between  1864  and 

1872: 

Maine $4.300.0x3 

New  Il'mpshire 2,255.34 

Vermont 2, 600.00 

Massachusetts 9,471.83 

Conn,  client 3,000.00 

Kh.'de   Island 1, 60000 

New  York 26,072.86 

New  Jersey 4,205.30 


THE    NATIONAL    CEMETERY.  359 

Pennsylvania :   For  the  purchase 

of  lands $2,324.27 

Treatment   and    care   of    the 

dead 835.40 

Proportionate  share  for  en 
closing,  ornamenting,  main 
tenance,  etc 20,000.00 

Removal  of  Confederate  dead 
to  Washington  Cemetery, 

Maryland 3,000.00 

$26,159.67 

Michigan 6,000.00 

Maryland 4,205.30 

Illinois 11,961.00 

Wisconsin 2,526.36 

Minnesota 1,686.50 

In  1872  the  cemetery  was  transferred  to  the 
care  of  the  National  Government,  since  which 
time  it  has  not  only  been  kept  in  the  manner 
originally  designed,  but  improvements  have  been 
made  from  time  to  time,  and  to-day,  with  its 
high  and  prominent  location,  its  beautiful  and 
artistically  arranged  trees  and  shrubbery,  its 
well-kept  lawns,  it  is  one  of  the  most  attractive 
cemeteries  of  the  land.  In  one  end  of  the  ceme 
tery  is  a  unique  rostrum  constructed  of  stone 
pillars,  covered  with  creeping  and  blooming 
vines,  which  is  used  for  the  services  of  Memorial 
Day  and  similar  occasions. 


GETTYSBURG   BATTLE-FIELD   MEMO 
RIAL   ASSOCIATION. 

THE  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  on  April 
30,  1864,  conferred  upon  the  Memorial  Associa 
tion  the  rights  of  a  corporation. 

There  is  no  record  of  any  meeting  for  organ 
ization  of  the  gentlemen  named  as  incorpora- 
tors.  This  may  be  due  to  the  fact  that  im 
mediately  afterwards  the  great  campaign  in 
Virginia  was  inaugurated,  and  the  whole  atten 
tion  of  the  people  was  concentrated  upon  the 
prosecution  of  the  war  during  the  memorable 
"battle  summer  of  1864,"  and  that  their  time 
and  means  were  given  to  the  care  and  allevia 
tion  of  the  wounded  and  suffering.  Upon  the 
termination  of  the  war,  in  the  year  following, 
there  was  for  a  time  a  complete  diversion  of 
public  attention  from  everything  connected  with 
or  pertaining  to  war. 

However,  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
1867,  appropriated  the  sum  of  three  thousand 
dollars  "to  be  applied  to  the  purchase  of  por 
tions  of  the  battle-grounds,  and  the  general 
purposes  for  which  said  Association  was  incor 
porated,"  and  in  1868  a  like  sum  for  the  same 
360 


7th  \\  .  Va.  Monument,  East. Cemetery  Hill. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       363 

purpose,  this  being  all  that  it  was  asked  to 
appropriate. 

This  money  was  presumably  used  in  the  pur 
chase  of  that  portion  of  Gulp's  Hill  upon  which 
the  breastworks  were  still  standing,  of  East 
Cemetery  Hill  where  Stewart's,  Reynolds's, 
Ricketts's,  and  Weidrick's  batteries  were  posted, 
and  where  the  lunettes  or  redans  still  remain, 
and  also  a  small  piece  of  ground  on  the  slope 
and  summit  of  Little  Round  Top,  as  these 
grounds  were  purchased  during  that  period. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Association  of  which 
there  is  any  record  was  held  on  June  10,  1872. 

By  a  resolution,  Mr.  David  McConaughy  was 
appointed  counsel  and  actuary,  with  full  power 
to  use  every  honorable  effort  to  procure  from 
every  State  interested  appropriations  to  defray 
the  expenses  of  carrying  out  the  views  and 
plans  of  the  Board. 

There  is  no  record  of  any  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  between  August  26,  1874, 
and  July  7,  1879. 


REORGANIZATION   OF  THE    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION. 

In  the  summer  of  1878  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic  of  Pennsylvania  encamped  for  a 
week  on  East  Cemetery  Hill.  J.  M.  Vander- 
slice,  of  Philadelphia,  was  the  Assistant  Adju- 


364  GETTYSBURG. 

tant-General  of  the  department,  and  very  active 
in  the  promotion  of  the  Order  at  the  time. 

The  scope  and  possibility  of  the  Memorial 
Association  attracted  his  attention,  as  did  the 
apparent  apathy  or  inactivity  of  those  control 
ling  it.  After  inquiring"  into  the  status  of  the 
Association  and  examining  the  act  of  incorpo 
ration,  he  determined  upon  having  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  assume  control  and 
direction  of  it.  Circulars  were  issued  to  the 
Posts  and  letters  were  written  to  personal 
friends  throughout  the  State. 

General  Strong  Vincent  Post,  No.  67,  of 
Erie,  Pennsylvania,  had  during  the  encampment 
erected  upon  Little  Round  Top  a  tablet  to 
mark  the  spot  where  General  Vincent  was  killed, 
which  was  the  first  memorial  of  any  kind  erected 
upon  the  battle-field  outside  of  the  cemetery; 
and  Colonel  Fred.  Taylor  Post,  No.  19,  of  Phila 
delphia,  had  placed  a  small  tablet  to  mark  the 
spot  where  Colonel  Taylor  fell  while  leading 
the  Bucktail  Rifle  Regiment  in  front  of  Round 
Top. 

During  the  summer  of  1879  the  2cl  Massa 
chusetts  Infantry  placed  a  bronze  tablet  upon  a 
large  rock  on  the  edge  of  Spangler's  meadow, 
with  an  inscription  reciting  the  facts  connected 
with  the  historic  charge  of  that  regiment  across 
the  meadow. 


Bron/e  StatueloUOen.  Strong  Vincent  on  Little    Round  Top,  Where 
He  Fell.lLeading  the_83d^Penna. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       367 

Before  the  annual  election  in  1880,  about  one 
hundred  shares  of  stock  had  been  purchased  by 
Posts  of  the  Grand  Army  and  individuals  in 
sympathy  with  it.  Just  prior  to  the  election, 
proxies  were  procured  from  these  stockholders, 
constituting  as  they  did  a  majority,  and  sent  to 
Major  Robert  Bell,  of  Gettysburg,  with  the 
suggestion  to  have  a  board  of  directors  elected 
in  which  members  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic  should  predominate. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  stockholders  held  June 
21,  1880,  the  following  Board  was  elected: 
President,  ex  officio,  Governor  Henry  M.  Hoyt ; 
Vice-President,  Robert  G.  McCreary  ;  Directors, 
General  W.  S.  Hancock,  General  S.  W.  Craw 
ford,  General  Louis  Wagner,  John  M.  Vander- 
slice,  Major  Chill  W.  Hazzard,  Captain  John 
Taylor,  Colonel  C.  H.  Buehler,  Major  Robert 
Bell,  N.  G.  Wilson,  J.  L.  Schick,  Dr.  Charles 
Horner,  and  John  M.  Krauth. 

The  Association  now  commenced  its  career  of 
active  and  effective  work.  The  grounds  of  the 
Association  at  that  time  embraced  only  the  pieces 
of  ground  upon  Culp's  Hill,  East  Cemetery  Hill, 
and  Little  Round  Top  before  alluded  to. 

This  summer,  during  the  encampment  of  the 
Grand  Army,  General  Zook  Post,  No.  11,  of 
Norristown,  Pennsylvania,  erected  a  shaft  to 
mark  the  spot  where  General  Zook  fell  in  the 


368  GETTYSBURG. 

Wheat-Field,  the  marble  being  taken  from  the 
farm  of  the  general's  father,  near  Norristown. 
The  9  ist  Pennsylvania  Infantry  also  put  up  a 
monument  on  Little  Round  Top,  being  the  first 
regimental  monument  erected  after  the  tablet  of 
the  2cl  Massachusetts. 

The  Grand  Army  of  Pennsylvania  encamped 
upon  the  field  for  a  week  each  summer  from 
1880  to  1894,  except  in  1884  and  1891. 

In  1 88 1  there  was  an  appropriation  of  $10,000 
by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

At  the  meeting,  July  28,  1881,  it  was  deter 
mined  to  open  an  avenue  along  the  line  of  battle 
from  the  Taneytown  Road  to  Little  Round  Top, 
the  avenue  to  be  sixty  feet  wide,  except  where 
necessary  to  embrace  important  points,  where 
the  width  was  to  be  three  hundred  feet. 

During  the  year,  Posts  and  members  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  several  States  commenced 
to  manifest  an  active  interest  and  desire  to 
aid  the  Association.  Several  regimental  monu 
ments  were  erected,  notably  those  of  the  i4th 
Brooklyn,  i24th  New  York,  i/th  Connecticut, 
90th  and  88th  Pennsylvania  Infantry. 

At  a  meeting  held  June  2,  1882,  arrangements 
were  made  for  the  reception  of  a  delegation  of 
Confederate  soldiers,  who  visited  the  field  for 
the  purpose  of  locating  the  position  of  several 
commands. 


Hroiixe  Statue  of  Gen    Warren,  on  Little   Round  Top. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION. 

July  27,  1882,  it  was  resolved  to  purchase 
the  Wheat-Field  ;  also  the  balance  of  the  ground 
on  Little  Round  Top,  and  to  construct  an  ave 
nue  from  East  Cemetery  Hill,  by  way  of  Gulp's 
Hill,  to  the  extreme  right  of  the  position  occu 
pied  by  the  Twelfth  Corps. 

At  the  meeting,  August  28,  1883,  it  was  re 
solved  that  the  memorials  to  be  erected  upon 
the  battle-field  should  be  submitted  to  the 
Board  of  Directors  for  their  approval  of  the 
historical  accuracy  of  the  inscription. 

During  this  year  an  appropriation  of  $5000 
was  received  from  the  State  of  Massachusetts. 
The  positions  of  all  the  Massachusetts  com 
mands  were  located,  and  it  was  decided  to  pur 
chase  the  ground  necessary  for  the  erection  of 
monuments,  for  each  of  which  the  State  had 
made  an  appropriation  of  $500.  This  was  the 
first  State  to  appropriate  money  for  the  erection 
of  monuments  upon  this  field. 

May  15,  1884,  a  communication  having  been 
received  from  the  survivors  of  the  3d  Pennsyl 
vania  Cavalry,  informing  the  Association  of 
their  intention  to  erect  a  monumental  shaft, 
with  suitable  inscriptions,  upon  the  field  on 
which  Gregg's  cavalry  division  fought,  it  was 
decided  to  purchase  the  necessary  ground,  with 
the  right  of  access  thereto. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  held  October, 


372  GETTYSBURG. 

1884,  a  committee  of  three,  to  ke  known  as  the 
Committee  on  Legislation,  was  appointed,  its 
duty  being  to  correspond  with  the  officials  and 
Legislatures  of  the  several  States,  urging  ap 
propriations,  and  to  adopt  other  measures  to 
awaken  more  general  interest,  especially  among 
soldiers,  in  the  work  of  the  Association. 

At  this  meeting  it  was  decided  to  open  an 
avenue  from  Oak  Ridge,  by  way  of  Reynolds's 
Grove,  to  the  extreme  left  of  the  First  Corps 
line  of  battle. 

The  Superintendent  of  Tablets  and  Legends 
was  instructed  to  require  each  organization  in 
tending  to  erect  a  monument  or  tablet  on  the 
field  to  have  a  suitable  inscription  thereon, 
showing  its  historical  relation  to  the  battle  as  to 

o 

time  and  service. 

The  Executive  Committee  was  instructed  to 
purchase  all  the  lands  necessary  for  all  the  pro 
posed  avenues,  and  also  the  two  small  fields 
south  of  East  Cemetery  Hill. 

Corporal  Skelly  Post,  No.  9,  of  Gettysburg, 
was  granted  permission  to  erect  a  memorial 
shaft  on  the  spot  where  General  Reynolds  fell, 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  having  appropriated 
$1000  to  the  Post  for  that  purpose. 

Permission  was  granted  the  2cl  Maryland 
Confederate  Infantry  to  erect  a  monument  to 
indicate  its  position  on  the  field,  subject  to  the 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       375 

rule  of  the  Association  in  regard  to  historical 
accuracy  and  inscription. 

At  a  meeting  held  September  22,  1886,  it 
was  decided  to  open  an  avenue  along  the 
Eleventh  Corps  line  of  battle. 

At  the  meeting  on  February  25,  1887,  the 
Board,  after  careful  and  mature  consideration, 
took  the  following  action  : 

"  Resolved,  That  no  monument  or  memorial  constructed 
of  other  material  than  real  bronze  or  granite  shall  be  per 
mitted  on  the  grounds  of  the  Association." 

Colonel  Bachelder  was  requested  to  prepare 
and  submit  to  the  Association  an  appropriate 
design  for  a  tablet  descriptive  of  the  engage 
ment  and  movements  of  all  the  commands  en 
gaged  in  the  assault  of  July  3,  by  Pickett's, 
Pettigrew's,  and  Trimble's  Confederate  com 
mands,  upon  the  line  held  by  the  Second  Federal 
Corps. 

The  Superintendent  of  Tablets  was  instructed 
to  require  the  list  of  casualties  in  monumental 
inscriptions  to  be  in  conformity  with  the  official 
records  of  the  battle,  as  they  appear  in  the 
office  of  the  Adjutant-General  U.S.A. 

The  Secretary  of  War  was  respectfully  re 
quested  to  furnish  the  Association  with  an  offi 
cial  statement  of  the  number  of  troops,  by 
separate  commands,  that  were  reported  present 


376  GETTYSBURG. 

for  duty  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  i,  2, 
and  3. 

It  was  decided  to  open  an  avenue  from  between 
the  two  Round  Tops  to  the  extreme  left  of  the 
line  held  by  Russell's  brigade  of  the  Sixth 
Corps. 

At  a  meeting,  May  5,  1887,  it  was  resolved 
that  hereafter  regiments  erecting  monuments 
on  the  ground  of  the  Association  would  be 
required  to  locate  and  place  them  in  the  posi 
tion  held  by  the  regiment  in  the  line  of  battle, 
but  that  they  would  not  be  prohibited  from 
erecting  such  markers  on  the  field,  to  indicate 
secondary  or  advanced  positions,  as  the  Asso 
ciation  might  determine. 

At  this  meeting  a  committee  appeared  before 
the  Board  and  requested  permission  to  erect 
the  monument  of  Pickett's  division  where  Gen 
eral  Armistead  fell.  It  was  suggested  to  this 
committee  that,  as  the  granting  of  their  appli 
cation  would  be  in  violation  of  the  rule  requiring 
all  monuments  to  be  on  the  line  of  battle,  the 
proposed  monument  should  be  erected  on  the 
avenue  to  be  opened  along  the  Confederate 
line,  and  that  a  marker  be  placed  to  indicate 
the  spot  where  General  Armistead  fell.  The 
committee  replied  that  they  were  not  authorized 
to  act,  and  would  submit  the  proposition  to  their 
Association. 


i55th  Penna.  (Pittsburg  Zouaves).     Little  Round 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      379 

At  a  meeting,  July  12,  1887,  the  Committee 
on  Purchase  of  Land  was  authorized  to  pur 
chase  the  house  used  as  head-quarters  by 
Major-General  George  G.  Meade,  with  the 
land  connected  therewith. 

The  superintendents  of  Grounds  and  of  Tab 
lets  and  Legends  were  instructed  to  mark  with 
suitable  and  durable  tablets  the  flanks  of  each 
division. 

The  Committee  on  Location  was  authorized 
to  mark  with  a  suitable  tablet  the  spot  where 
General  Armistead  of  the  Confederate  army  fell 
mortally  wounded  while  leading  the  assault  of 
July  3,  1863. 

This  committee  was  also  directed  to  remove 
monuments  on  the  ground  of  the  Association 
to  their  proper  position  in  line,  wherever  said 
removal  was  practicable. 

September  16,  1887,  Colonel  John  B.  Bachel- 
der  tendered  his  resignation  as  Superintendent 
of  Tablets  and  Legends,  and  J.  M.  Vanderslice, 
Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  was  selected  to  fill  the 
position. 

At  a  meeting  on  November  4,  1887,  the  fol 
lowing  names  were  selected  for  avenues  :  that 
on  Gulp's  Hill  to  be  called  Slocum  Avenue  ; 
from  the  Taneytown  Road  to  Weikert's  House, 
Hancock  ;  from  Weikert's  House  to  the  road 
north  of  Little  Round  Top,  Sedgwick ;  from 


^8O  GETTYSBURG. 

«j 

Round  Top  to  Devil's  Den,  Sykes  ;  from 
Devil's  Den  to  the  Wheat-Field,  Sickles  ;  from 
the  Fairfield  Road  to  the  Mummasburg  Pike, 
Reynolds  ;  from  the  Mummasburg  Pike  to  the 
Harrisburg  Road,  Howard ;  from  the  head 
quarters  of  General  Meade  to  Hancock  Avenue, 
Meade. 

The  following  rules  and  regulations  were 
adopted  by  the  Executive  Committee,  and 
unanimously  ratified  at  a  subsequent  meeting 
of  the  Board  on  July  3  : 

"  i.  All  persons  are  forbidden,  under  the  penalty  of  the 
law,  to  place,  change,  or  remove  any  stake  or  marker  on  the 
grounds  under  the  control  of  the  Memorial  Association 
without  the  knowledge  and  consent  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Grounds. 

"  2.  Any  one  who  shall  construct  any  foundation  for,  or 
erect  any  monument  or  memorial  upon  the  grounds  of  the 
Association  before  the  Superintendent  of  Grounds  shall 
have  designated  the  place  and  given  a  permit,  will  be  re 
garded  as  a  trespasser  and  be  amenable  to  the  severe  penal 
ties  provided  for  in  the  charter  of  the  Association. 

"  3.  The  Superintendent  shall  not  permit  the  erection  of 
any  monument  or  memorial  until  its  location  and  the  in 
scription  to  be  placed  thereon  shall  have  been  approved 
by  the  proper  committee  of  the  Association. 

"  4.  All  monuments  or  memorials  hereafter  erected  must 
be  of  granite  or  real  bronze. 

"5.  On  the  front  of  each  monument  must  be  the  num 
ber  of  the  regiment  or  battery,  State,  brigade,  division, 
and  corps,  in  letters  not  less  than  four  inches  long,  and, 
in  addition  thereto,  the  time  the  regiment  held  the  posi- 


gL2.ist.New  Yorkr  on  Slojgeyof^Little^Round  Top. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      383 

tion,  and  a  brief  statement  of  any  important  movement  it 
made. 

"  If  the  regiment  was  actively  engaged,  its  effective  strength 
and  casualties  must  be  given,  which  must  agree  with  the 
official  records  of  the  War  Department.  If  it  was  in  re 
serve  it  should  be  so  stated. 

"  If  the  same  position  was  held  by  other  troops,  or  if  the 
command  occupied  more  than  one  important  position,  the 
inscription  should  explain  it. 

"  All  lettering  must  be  deeply  and  distinctly  cut. 

"  Any  statue  or  figure  of  a  soldier  must  be  so  placed  as  to 
face  the  enemy's  line. 

"  6.  The  monument  must  be  on  the  line  of  battle  held  by 
the  brigade  unless  the  regiment  was  detached,  and,  if  pos 
sible,  the  right  and  left  flanks  of  the  regiment  or  battery 
must  be  marked  with  stones  not  less  than  two  feet  in 
height. 

"If  the  same  line  was  held  by  other  troops,  the  monuments 
must  be  placed  in  the  order  in  which  the  several  commands 
occupied  the  grounds,  the  first  being  on  the  first  line,  the 
second  at  least  twenty  feet  in  the  rear  of  it,  and  so  on,  the 
inscriptions  explaining  the  movements. 

"  7.  Where  practicable,  ground  must  be  filled  in  to  the 
top  of  the  foundation  and  well  and  neatly  sodded. 

"  8.  Two  copies  of  the  inscription  must  be  sent  to  the  Sec 
retary  of  the  Association,  one  to  be  returned  approved  and 
the  other  to  be  placed  on  file  with  the  Secretary,  and  they 
should  be  distinct  from  other  written  matter. 

"  RECOMMENDATIONS. 

"As  the  memorials  erected  upon  this  field  will  not  only 
mark  the  positions  held  by  the  several  commands,  but  will 
also  be  regimental  or  battery  monuments,  and  in  most  in 
stances  the  only  ones  ever  erected  by  them,  the  Memorial 
Association  strongly  recommends  that  the  inscription  be 


384  GETTYSBURG. 

not  only  historically  accurate,  but  be  sufficient  in  detail  to 
give  an  idea  of  the  services  of  the  command.  This  may 
add  slightly  to  the  cost,  but  it  will  add  much  more  to  the 
completeness  of  the  monument. 

"  In  the  years  to  come,  when  the  identity  of  the  regiment 
shall  have  been  merged  in  the  history  of  the  battle,  the 
visitor  to  this  great  battle-field  will  be  interested  to  know 
just  where  the  troops  from  his  city  or  county  fought,  and 
to  learn  something  of  the  services  rendered  by  them 

"  It  is  therefore  recommended  that  upon  one  side  of  the 
monument  should  be  stated  the  part  of  the  State  from 
which  the  regiment  was  recruited,  dates  of  muster  in  and 
muster  out,  total  strength  and  losses  during  its  service,  and 
the  battles  in  which  it  participated. 

"  SUGGESTIONS. 

"It  is  the  desire  and  determination  of  the  Gettysburg 
Battle-field  Memorial  Association  to  secure  the  greatest 
possible  historical  accuracy  for  the  legends  of  the  monu 
ments  erected  on  the  field. 

"  It  has  been  decided  by  the  Board  of  Directors  to  adopt 
the  official  records  of  the  battle,  recently  compiled  at  the 
Adjutant  General's  office,  as  to  the  strength  and  casualties 
of  the  several  commands  in  the  battle,  believing  that  the 
historical  data  thus  secured  would  generally  be  more  accu 
rate  than  that  which  individuals  could  furnish. 

"  The  War  Department  record  may  not  be  absolutely  cor 
rect, — men  reported  wounded  afterwards  died,  others  re 
ported  missing  were  afterwards  found  to  be  wounded  or 
killed, — but  it  has  been  found  necessary  at  the  Adjutant- 
General's  office  to  establish  a  limit,  and  that  limit  is  the 
official  return. 

"  There  is  nothing  in  this  rule,  however,  to  prevent  monu 
ment  committees  from  having  the  record  of  their  commands 
revised  at  the  War  Department,  and  any  changes  furnished 


ijth  New  Jersey,   Right  of  i2th  Corps  Line,  Near  Rock  Creek. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      387 

officially  from  the  Adjutant-General's  office  will  be  cheer 
fully  adopted  by  the  Association.  Or  if  it  is  known  that  a 
soldier  reported  wounded  afterwards  died  of  his  wounds, 
or  one  who  was  reported  "  missing"  is  known  to  have  been 
killed,  a  corresponding  revision  may  be  made  in  the  in 
scription  and  the  name  added  to  a  list  designated  "  killed 
or  mortally  wounded."  Or  if  wounded  only,  the  name 
may  be  changed  from  the  list  of  missing  to  the  list  of 
wounded,  but  the  aggregate  must  remain  unchanged  and 
a  report  of  the  case  must  be  submitted  with  the  inscription. 

"  If  monument  committees  add  names  of  other  battles, 
they  must  assume  the  responsibility  of  their  accuracy,  and 
the  official  name  of  the  battle  adopted  at  the  War  Depart 
ment  must  be  given.  Such  list  it  is  desirable  should  be  pre 
ceded  by  the  date  of  the  muster  in  and  followed  by  the 
date  of  the  muster  out  of  the  regiment. 

'•  Deep  and  solid  foundations  are  of  the  utmost  impor 
tance.  A  strata  of  rock  comes  very  near  the  surface  on 
many  parts  of  the  field.  Where  it  does  not,  a  few  dollars 
additional  will  secure  a  permanent  and  satisfactory  foun 
dation.  A  few  dollars  saved  from  the  foundation  may 
jeopardize  the  entire  structure. 

"  The  flank  stones  placed  with  the  number  of  the  regi 
ment  cut  on  the  faces  nearest  the  monument  will  readily 
determine  the  alignment. 

"  Permanence  and  durability  in  lettering  should  be  the 
aim.  Whether  the  letter  is  sunk  or  raised,  it  should  be 
deep  and  sharp,  that  it  may  be  easily  read,  and  particularly 
that  it  may  withstand  the  ravages  of  time. 

"  Each  monument  should  stand  high  enough  to  secure 
ready  drainage.  No  more  proper  setting  or  finish  can  be 
given  it  than  a  carpet  of  good  sod,  well  enriched.  The 
pleasing  effect  of  a  beautiful  monument  may  be  entirely 
neutralized  by  untidy  surroundings,  and  if  not  put  in  order 
at  first  it  will  seldom  be  done  afterwards." 

13 


388  GETTYSBURG. 

The  superintendent  was  authorized,  in  addi 
tion  to  marking  the  flanks  of  the  divisions,  to 
place,  at  the  intersection  of  all  driveways  and 
avenues,  index  boards  stating  the  troops  occu 
pying  the  respective  lines. 

On  July  27,  1888,  it  was  decided  to  plant  125 
trees  on  the  denuded  portion  of  Zeigler's  Grove, 
in  order  to  restore  it  as  nearly  as  possible  to  the 
condition  in  which  it  was  during  the  battle. 

At  a  meeting,  May  10,  1891,  Colonel  Bach- 
elder  submitted  the  plan  for  the  High- Water- 
Mark  tablet,  to  be  erected  at  the  "copse  of 
trees,"  which  was  approved. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  full  Board,  on  October  3, 
1894,  the  committee  previously  appointed  re 
ported  in  favor  of  transferring  the  600  acres  of 
land  owned  by  the  Association,  with  17  miles 
of  avenue  constructed  thereon,  giving  access  to 
320  monuments  which  had  been  erected  by  the 
various  States  and  regimental  associations,  to 
the  United  States  government,  and  the  Execu 
tive  Committee  was  authorized  to  communicate 
with  the  stockholders  and  secure  their  written 
consent  to  the  transfer. 

At  a  meeting  held  May  22,  1895,  resolutions 
were  passed  instructing  the  officers  to  execute, 
under  the  corporate  seal,  good  and  sufficient 
deeds  of  conveyance  to  the  United  States 
government  of  all  lands  owned  by  the  Associa- 


New  York— Greene's  Brigade— at   Breastworks  of  i2th  Corps 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       391 

tion,  and  of  rights  of  way  and  easements  be 
longing  to  it  or  in  any  way  connected  with  or 
pertaining  to  such  lands. 

The  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  then  in 
session,  was  respectfully  requested  to  pass  and 
the  governor  to  approve  the  Act  vesting  in  the 
United  States  government  joint  jurisdiction  with 
the  Commonwealth  over  such  lands  as  may  be 
necessary  for  a  National  Park  at  Gettysburg. 

General  Sickles  moved  that  a  history  of  the 
Association  be  published,  which  motion  was 
adopted. 

This  was  the  last  meeting  held  by  the  Board 
of  Directors. 


392  .GETTYSBURG. 


DIRECTORS  OF  THE  GETTYSBURG  MEMORIAL 
BATTLE-FIELD  ASSOCIATION,  1872-1880. 

General  John  W.  Geary,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  Presi 
dent,  deceased 1872 

David  McConaughy,  Gettysburg,  Vice-President     ....  1872-1879 

Henry  C.  Carey,  Esq.,  Philadelphia,  deceased 1872-1879 

General  J.  Watts  De  Peyster,  New  York 1872-1879 

Wm.  M.  Hirsh,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872-1879 

Hon.  A.  D.  Heister,  Pennsylvania,  deceased 1872-1874 

Joel  B.  Banner,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872-1874 

George  Arnold,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872-1879 

Alexander  D.  Buehler,  Gettysburg 1872-1879 

Charles  Homer,  M.D.,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872  -1879 

J.  Lawrence  Schick,  Esq.,  Gettysburg 1872-1879 

John  M.  Krauth,  Esq.,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872-1879 

Edward  Souder,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872-1873 

H.  N.  McAllister,  Esq.,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1872 

General  Charles  K.  Graham,  New  York,  deceased     .    .    .  1873-1879 
General   John    F.  Hartranft,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 

President,  deceased 1873-1878 

General  Alexander  S.  Webb,  New  York 1873-1879 

General  Horatio  G.  Sickel,  Pennsylvania,  deceased   .    .    .  1874-1879 

Hon.  Edward  McPherson,  Gettysburg,  deceased     ....  1875 

R.  G.  McCreary,  Esq.,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1876-1879 

There  was  no  meeting  of  the    Board    from 
1874  to  1879. 

DIRECTORS  FROM   THE  REORGANIZATION  IN 

1880. 

General  Henry  M.  Hoyt,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 

President,  deceased 1879-1882 

R.  G.  McCreary,  Esq.,  Gettysburg,  Vice-President,  de 
ceased  1880-1883 

John  M.  Krauth,  Esq.,  Gettysburg,  Secretary  from  1872  to 

time  of  decease  in  1890 1880-1887 


2oth  Ind  ,        3d  Corps.      wheat  Field. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       395 

General  W.  S.  Hancock,  Pennsylvania,  deceased  ....  1880-1884 

General  S.  W.  Crawford,  Pennsylvania,  deceased  ....  1880-1892 

General  Louis  Wagner,  Philadelphia 1880-1896 

John  M.  Vanderslice,  Esq.,  Philadelphia     .    .    1880-1882,1884-1896 

Major  Chill  W.  Hazzard,  Pennsylvania    .    .    .    1880-1882,  1884-1896 

Captain  John  Taylor,  Philadelphia,  deceased 1880-1884 

Colonel   Chas.   H.   Buehler,    Gettysburg,    Vice-President 

from  1887  to  1896,  deceased 1880-1896 

J.  L.  Schick,  Treasurer  from  1880  to  1896 1880-1896 

Major  Robert  Bell,  Gettysburg 1880-1886 

Charles  Homer,  M.D.,  Gettysburg 1880-1887 

N.  G.  Wilson,  Gettysburg,   Superintendent  of  Grounds, 

1880  to  1894 1880-1886 

John  B.  Bachelder,  Massachusetts,  deceased   .    1880-1881,  1883-1894 
Robert  E.  Pattison,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  President 

1883-1886,  1891-1894 

General  Joshua  L.  Chamberlain,  Maine 1883 

General  John  C.  Robinson,  New  York,  deceased  ....  1883 

General  George  Stannard,  Vermont,  deceased    ....  1883 

William  S.  Holtzworth,  Gettysburg,  deceased 1884-1888 

D.  A.  Buehler,  Gettysburg,  Vice-President,  deceased    .    .  1883-1887 

Colonel  Eli  G.  Sellers,  Philadelphia 1885 

Colonel  W.  W.  Dudley,  Indiana 1885 

General  Henry  A.  Barnum,  New  York,  deceased  ....  1885-1891 

Colonel  Frank  D.  Sloat,  Connecticut 1885-1896 

Colonel  Elisha  H.  Rhodes,  Rhode  Island 1885-1887 

General  Byron  R.  Pierce,  Michigan,  deceased 1885-1887 

John  C.  Linelian,  New  Hampshire 1885—1896 

Colonel  Charles  L.  Young,  Ohio 1885-1896 

Colonel  Silas  Colgrove,  Indiana 1886-1887 

General  Lucius  Fairchild,  Wisconsin,  deceased 1886—1896 

General   James    A.   Beaver,    Governor  of   Pennsylvania, 

President 1887-1890 

Captain  Wm.  E.  Miller,  Pennsylvania 1887-1892 

Calvin  Hamilton,  Gettysburg,  Secretary  from  189010  1896  1887-1890 

Captain  H.  W.  McKnight,  D.D.,  Gettysburg 1887-1896 

Captain  John  P.  Rea,  Minnesota 1888 

Colonel  Wheelock  G.  Veazey,  Vermont 1888-1896 

Colonel  George  C.  Briggs,  Michigan 1888-1896 

William  A.  Kitzmiller,  Gettysburg 1888-1896 


396  GETTYSBURG. 

Hon.  S.  Me.  Swope,  Gettysburg 1888-1896 

Hon.  Edward  McPherson,  Gettysburg,  deceased    ....  1889-1896 

General  Henry  W.  Slocum,  New  York,  deceased  ....  1889-1894 

General  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  New  York 1892-1896 

General  Joseph  B.  Carr,  New  York,  deceased 1892-1893 

C.  E.  Goldsborough,  M.D.,  Gettysburg 1892-1896 

General  David  McM.  Gregg,  Pennsylvania 1893-1896 

General  Alexander  S.  Webb,  New  York 1893-1896 

General   Daniel   S.  Hastings,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania, 

President 1895-1896 

Colonel  John  P.  Nicholson,  Philadelphia 1895-1896 

General  George  S.  Greene,  New  York 1895-1896 

During  the  existence  of  the  Association,  from 
1864  until  1895,  it  received,— 

From  the  sale  of  certificates  of  stock  .    .    .  $9,875.59 

From  various  States  by  appropriation  ...  96  490.00 

From  the  officers  and  men  at  Fort  Snelling  125.00 

From  the  survivors  of  Cushing's  battery      .  25.00 

From  the  2d  Maryland  Confederate  Infantry  60.00 

Making  a  total  of $106, 575.59 

All  of  this  sum  was  expended  in  the  purchase, 
restoration,  improvement,  and  maintenance  of 
the  grounds.  Less  than  $10,000  was  spent  in 
salaries  and  like  expenses  ;  the  only  salary 
being  that  of  $1000  per  annum  for  the  last 
few  years  to  the  Superintendent,  and  the  sal 
ary  of  $100  per  annum  to  the  secretary,  ex 
cept  for  three  years  when  he  received  $400  per 
annum. 

In  addition  to  about  600  acres  of  land,  em 
bracing  the  most  important  parts  of  the  battle- 


5th  New  Hampshire,  Cairn.    Where  Gen.  Cross  Fell  in  Woods  East 
of  Wheat  Field, 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      399 

field,  and  the  construction  of  1 7  miles  of  avenues 
and  drive-ways,  the  Association  induced  and 
supervised  the  erection  of  320  monuments. 

Every  one  of  the  313  volunteer  regiments 
and  batteries  of  the  Federal  army  has  its  posi 
tion  upon  the  field  marked  by  a  monument  or 
memorial,  and  several  of  the  regiments  have 
second  positions  also  marked. 

The  visitor  to  the  field  is  impressed  by  the 
originality,  uniqueness,  and  suggestiveness  of 
many  of  these  memorials,  nearly  all  of  which 
are  of  granite  and  bronze,  and,  notwithstand 
ing  the  large  number  of  monuments,  there  are 
only  four  or  five  instances  of  duplication  of 
style. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that,  in  addition 
to  the  aid  received  from  the  several  States  in 
appropriations  for  the  erection  of  monuments, 
the  Survivors'  Associations  of  many  of  the 
regiments  supplemented  by  liberal  contribu 
tions  the  amount  appropriated,  and  there  are 
a  large  number  of  regimental  monuments  upon 
the  field  costing  from  three  thousand  to  five 
thousand  dollars  each,  and  several  costing 
much  more. 


/J.OO  GETTYSBURG. 


HOW  THE  STATES  WERE  REPRESENTED  UPON 
THE  FIELD,  AND  WHAT  THEY  HAVE  DONE 
TO  MARK  IT. 

The  manner  in  which  each  of  the  States  was 
represented  in  the  battle,  as  indicated  by  its 
regiments  and  batteries  with  their  losses,  and 
by  the  general  officers  from  the  State,  is  shown 
upon  the  following  pages,  as  is  also  what  each 
State  has  done,  through  appropriations  to  the 
Association,  and  for  the  erection  of  substantial 
monuments,  permanently  marking  the  positions 
of  its  regiments  and  batteries  in  the  battle. 


MAINE. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

1st  Cav. 

3d,  Gregg. 

2d,  Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

5 

.    . 

3d  Inf. 

2d,  Ward. 

ist,  Birney. 

Third. 

77 

45 

4th  Inf. 

2d,  Ward. 

1st,  Birney. 

Third. 

70 

74 

5th  Inf.1 

2d,  Bartlett. 

3d,  Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

. 

.    . 

6ih  Inf.1 

3d,  Russell. 

1st,  Wright. 

Sixth. 

7th  Inf.1 

3d,  Neill. 

2d,  Howe. 

Sixth. 

.   . 

loth  Inf.2 

1  6th  Inf. 

1st,  Paul. 

2d,  Robinson. 

First. 

68 

164 

I7th  Inf. 

3d,  De  Trobriand. 

ist,  Birney. 

Third. 

130 

3 

1  9th  Inf. 

1st,  Harrow. 

2d,  Gibbon. 

Second. 

!95 

4 

2Oth  Inf. 

3d,  Vincent. 

ist,  Barnes, 

Fifth. 

120 

5 

1  Not  engaged.  2  Three  compaines  at  Twelfth  Corps  head-quarters. 

flatteries. 

Killed  and    Miss- 
-orl)S"        wounded,      ing 

Hall's  2d  Light First.  18  .    . 

Stevens's  5th  Light First.  16  7 

Dow's  6th  Light Artillery  Reserve.       15  .    • 


.1)1 1 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      403 

General    Officers. 

General  Oliver  O.  Howard,  Commander  of  the  Eleventh  Corps. 

General  John  C.  Caldwell,  Commander  of  the  First  Division,  Second 
Corps.  (Born  in  Vermont.) 

General  Albion  P.  Howe,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division,  Sixth 
Corps. 

General  Adelbert  Ames,  Commander  of  the  First  Division,  Eleventh 
Corps  (after  wounding  of  General  Barlow). 

General  Freeman  McGilvery,  Commander  Reserve  Artillery. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$30>300. 

The  monuments  of  this  State  are  all  of  a  sub 
stantial  character.  That  of  the  1 7th  Maine,  in 
the  Wheat-Field,  is  the  costliest  monument 
of  the  State,  and  is  one  of  the  most  massive 
upon  the  field,  being  built  of  the  finest  granite. 
It  represents  a  soldier  kneeling  in  a  wheat-field 
and  firing  over  a  stone  wall. 

That  of  the  iQth  Maine,  on  Cemetery  Ridge, 
near  the  "  copse  of  trees,"  while  without  any 
ornamentation,  is  also  of  an  imposing  character. 

NEW    IIAMPSPHIRE. 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division.  Corps.        ^Uledand    Miss- 

2d.                 3d,  Burling.             2d,  Humphreys.  Third.  157  36 

5th.               ist,  Cross.                ist,  Caldwell.      Second.  80  .    . 

I2th.             ist,  Carr.                  2d,  Humphreys.  Third.  81  II 
Edgell's.      ist,  Light  Battery.                                Artillery 

Reserve.  3  .    . 
General  Officer. 

Colonel  Edward  E.  Cross,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Second  Corps  (killed.) 


404 


GETTYSBURG. 


The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 

$45°°- 

That  of  the  5th  regiment,  erected  upon  the 
spot  where  its  brigade  commander  and  former 
colonel,  General  Cross,  was  killed,  is  in  the  edge 
of  the  woods  near  the  Wheat-Field,  and  is  of 
rather  unique  character,  being  a  cairn. 


VERMONT. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

1st  Cav. 

1st, 

Farnsworth. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

2d  Inf.1 

2d, 

Grant. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

3d  Inf.1 

2d, 

Grant. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

4th  Inf.1 

2d, 

Grant. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

5th  Inf.1 

2d, 

Grant. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

6th  Inf.1 

2d, 

Grant. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

1  2th  Inf.1 

3d, 

Stannard. 

3d, 

Doubleday. 

First. 

I3th  Inf. 

3d, 

Stannard. 

3^ 

Doubleday. 

First. 

I4th  Inf. 

3d, 

Stannard. 

3^ 

Doubleday. 

First. 

I5th  Inf.1 

3d, 

Stannard. 

3d, 

Doubleday. 

First. 

1  6th  Inf. 

3d, 

Stannard. 

3d, 

Doubleday. 

First. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 


"3 

86 

118 


1  Not  engaged. 


M  iBs- 
ing. 

27 


IO 
21 


General  Officers. 

General  George  J.  Stannard,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  First  Corps. 

Colonel  Hannibal  Day,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Fifth  Corps. 

General  L.  A.  Grant,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Sixth  Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 

$17,953- 

This  State  had  the  advantage  of  having  its 

ten  regiments  of  infantry  in  two  Vermont  bri- 


Stannard's  Vermont  Brigade,  near  "  The  Copse."     Corinthian  Shaft 
Surmounted  by  Statue  of  Gen.  Stannard. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION,      407 

gades,  as  it  was  thus  enabled  to  consolidate  the 
appropriations  in  the  erection  of  two  monu 
ments. 

That  of  Stannard's  brigade,  of  the  First 
Corps,  on  Cemetery  Ridge,  is  a  pure  classi 
cal,  Corinthian  column,  surmounted  by  a  bronze 
statue  of  General  Stannard.  Upon  the  face  of 
the  pedestal  is  the  inscription  referring  to  each 
of  the  regiments. 

That  of  Grant's  First  Vermont  Brigade, 
which  was  stationed  in  the  rear  of  Big  Round 
Top  in  expectation  of  an  attack  upon  that  flank, 
represents  a  lion  looking  towards  the  front,  but 
aroused,  as  if  listening  to  the  battle  raging  along 
the  line  of  the  Second  Corps. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 


Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division.              Corps.       «•«•- 

Miss- 
ing. 

1st  Cav.1 

1st,  Mclntosh. 

2d,  Gregg.           Cavalry. 

1st  Inf. 

ist,  Carr. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

99 

21 

2d  Inf. 

3d,  Colgrove. 

ist,  Ruger.          Twelfth. 

132 

4 

7th  Inf.1 

2d,  Eustis. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

6 

9th  Inf.1 

2d,  Sweitzer. 

ist,  Barnes.          Fifth. 

.  .    . 

.    . 

loth  Inf.1 

2d,  Eustis. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

.    . 

.    . 

nth  Inf. 

ist,  Carr. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

119 

10 

1  2th  Inf. 

2d,  Baxter. 

2d,  Robinson.      First. 

57 

62 

1  3th  Inf. 

1st,  Paul. 

2d,  Robinson.      First. 

84 

101 

1  5th  Inf. 

ist,  Harrow. 

2d,  Gibbon.         Second. 

120 

28 

1  6th  Inf. 

ist,  Carr. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

68 

13 

1  8th  Inf. 

ist,  Tilton. 

1st,  Barnes.          Fifth. 

24 

3 

1  9th  Inf. 

3d,  Hall. 

2d,  Gibbon.         Second. 

70 

7 

1  Not  Engaged. 


408  GETTYSBURG. 

MASSAC  HUSETTS —  Continued. 


Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps.       ^"<CQ,a7 
wounded. 

1V11SS- 

ing. 

20th  Inf. 

3d,  Hall. 

2tl,  Gibbon. 

Second. 

124 

3 

22d  Inf. 

1st,  Tilton. 

1st,  Barnes. 

Fifth. 

3° 

I 

28th  Inf. 

2d,  Kelly. 

1st,  Caldwell. 

Second. 

65 

35 

32d  Inf 

2cl,  Sweitzer. 

1st,  Barnes. 

Fifth. 

75 

5 

33d  Inf. 

2d,  Smith. 

2d,  Sleinwehr. 

Eleventh. 

45 

.  • 

37th  Inf.       2d,  Eustis.  3d,  Wheaton.       Sixth.  28  19 

Batteries. 

c  Killed  and    Miss- 

wounded,     ing. 

Walcott's  3d  Light  (C) Fifth.  6  .    . 

McCartney's  ist  Light  (A) ' Sixth. 

Philbps's  5th  Light  (E) Artillery  Reserve.  21  .    . 

Bigelow's  gth  Light Artillery  Reserve.  26  2 


1  Not  Engaged. 

General  Officers. 

General  James  Barnes,  Commander  of  the  First  Division,  Fifth 
Corps. 

Colonel  William  S.  Tilton,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Fifth  Corps. 

Colonel  Sidney  Burbank,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Fifth  Corps. 

Colonel  Henry  L.  Eustis,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Sixth  Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$30,000. 

The  monument  of  the  ist  Massachusetts,  on 
the  Emmittsburg  Road,  is  one  of  the  finest 
upon  the  field.  It  cost  about  #3000,  and  is  a 
huge  granite  diamond,  weighing  1 8  or  20  tons, 
and  upon  its  face  is  a  well-cut  figure  of  a  sol- 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      4!  I 

dier  upon  the  skirmish  line,  firing  over  a  rail 
fence. 

That  of  the  i3th  Regiment,  upon  the  First 
Corps  line  on  Oak  Hill,  is  surmounted  by  a 
granite  soldier,  advancing  with  his  flag  un 
furled,  representing  the  youthful  color-bearer  of 
the  regiment  who  was  killed  on  the  spot. 

That  of  the  i2th  (Webster)  Regiment,  in 
the  same  locality,  is  a  large  granite  Minie-ball 
partially  wrapped  in  the  flag.  Upon  its  base  is 
a  medallion  likeness  of  Daniel  Webster. 

Those  of  Eustis's  brigade, — 7th,  loth,  and 
37th  Regiments, — on  the  avenue  east  of  Round 
Top,  are  of  beautiful  design  and  finish. 

The  monuments  of  this  State,  being  among 
the  first  erected  upon  the  field,  do  not  contain 
as  full  inscriptions  as  those  that  were  erected 
subsequently. 

The  monument  of  the  2oth  Massachusetts, 
which  lost  so  heavily  near  the  ''copse  of  trees" 
on  the  3d,  is  a  large  "pudding-stone,"  brought 
from  Roxbury,  where  the  regiment  was  re 
cruited,  and  which  was  a  landmark  on  the  play 
ground  of  the  town.  It  was  taken  to  Gettys 
burg  to  mark  the  spot  where  the  soldiers  who 
had  once  played  around  it  fought  so  gallantly, 
yet  there  is  nothing  in  the  inscription  to  convey 
the  beautiful  sentiment  intended  to  be  expressed 
by  this  simple  memorial. 


4 1  2  GETTYSBURG. 

All  of  the  Massachusetts  monuments  are 
of  tasteful  and  appropriate  design  and  well 
constructed. 

RHODE    ISLAND. 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division.  Corps.        ^dS^g." 

2d  Inf.          2d,  Eustis.  3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth.  6  I 

Batteries. 

Cor  s         Killed  and   Miss- 
"     P>-        wounded,     ing. 

Arnold's  1st  Light  (A) Second.          31  i 

Brown's  ist  Light  (B) Second.          26  I 

Randolph's,  or  Bucklyn's,  ist  Light  (E)    .    .  Third.  29  I 

Waterman's1  ist  Light  (C) Sixth. 

Adams's1  1st  Light  (G) Sixth. 

1  Not  engaged. 

General  Officer. 

General  Frank  Wheaton,  Commander  of  the  Third  Division,  Sixth 
Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$3400. 

This  State  had  but  one  regiment  in  the  battle, 

and  it  was  not  actively  engaged,  but  its  three 

batteries — Arnold's,   Brown's,  and   Randolph's 

—took   a  most  prominent   part   in   the   battle. 

The  monuments  are  all  characteristic. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Regiment.               Brigade.                        Division.                  Corps.     KHled^d  Miss- 

5th  Inf.  ist,  McDougall.  1st,  Ruger.  Twelfth.  2  5 

I4ih  Inf.  2d,  Smyth.  2d,  Hays.  Second.  62  4 

I7th  Inf.  2d,  Ames.  1st,  Barlow.  Eleventh.  ici  96 

2Oth  Inf.  1st,  McDougall.  1st,  Ruger.  Twelfth.  27  I 

27th  Inf.1  4th,  Brooke.  1st,  Ca  Id  well.  Second.  33  4 

1  Four  companies. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      415 


Batteries. 


Corps. 


Sterling's  2d  Light Artillery  Reserve. 

Brooker's  ist  Heavy  B.  S.1    ....  Artillery  Reserve. 
Pratt's  1st  Heavy  M.  E.1 Artillery  Reserve. 


Killed  and   Miss- 
wounded,     ing. 


1  Not  engaged. 

General  Officers. 

General  John  Sedgwick,  Commander  of  the  Sixth  Corps. 
General  Horatio  G.  Wright,  Commander  of  the  First  Division,  Sixth 
Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$5700. 

The  monuments  of  this  State,  while  substan 
tial,  are  rather  plain,  except  that  of  the  i  yth 
Regiment,  on  Barlow's  knoll,  upon  the  extreme 
right  of  the  Eleventh  Corps  line.  It  was 
erected  for  the  most  part  by  private  contri 
butions,  and  upon  it  are  cut  the  names  of  all 
those  of  the  regiment  who  fell  in  the  battle. 


NEW 

YORK. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

c              Killed  and 
Corps-      wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

2d  Cav.1 

2d, 

Huey. 

2d, 

Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

4th  Cav.1 

2d, 

Huey. 

2d, 

Gregg 

Cavalry. 

5th  Cav. 

1st, 

Farnsworth. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

2 

4 

6th  Cav. 

2d, 

Devin. 

1st, 

Buford. 

Cavalry. 

5 

8 

8th  Cav. 

ist, 

Gamble. 

ist, 

Buford. 

Cavalry. 

24 

16 

9th  Cav. 

2d, 

Devin. 

ISt, 

Buford. 

Cavalry. 

4 

7 

loth  Cav. 

3d, 

Gregg. 

2d, 

Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

6 

3 

loth  Inf  2 

2d, 

Smyth. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

i 

.    . 

1  4th  Inf.3 

2d, 

Cutler. 

1st, 

Wadsworth. 

First. 

118 

99 

20th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Biddle. 

3d, 

Doubled  ay. 

First. 

146 

24 

Not  engaged. 


2  Four  companies. 


3  Brooklyn  Zouaves. 


416 


GETTYSBURG. 


N  EW  Y(  >RK  —  Continued. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps      Billed  and 
wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

33d 

Inf.1 

3d, 

Neill. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

.    . 

39th  Inf. 

3d, 

Willard. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

95 

.     . 

40th  Inf.2 

3d, 

De  Trobriand. 

1st,  Birney. 

Third. 

«43 

7 

4  ist 

Inf. 

1st, 

Von  Gilsa. 

ist,  Barlow. 

Eleventh. 

73 

2 

42d 

Inf. 

3d, 

Hall. 

2d, 

Gibbon. 

Second. 

70 

4 

43d 

Inf.1 

3d, 

Neill. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth 

4 

I 

44th  Inf. 

3d, 

Vincent. 

Ist,  Barnes. 

Fifth. 

1  08 

3 

45th 

Inf. 

ISt, 

Von  Amsberg, 

3d, 

Schurz. 

Eleventh. 

54 

48 

49th 

Inf.1 

3d, 

Neill. 

2d, 

Howe. 

Sixth. 

.    . 

52d 

Inf. 

3d, 

Zook. 

ist,  Caldwell. 

Second. 

28 

10 

54th 

Inf. 

1st, 

Von  Gilsa. 

1st,  Barlow. 

Eleventh. 

54 

48 

57th 

Inf. 

3d, 

Zook. 

ist,  Caldwell. 

Second. 

32 

2 

58th 

Inf. 

2d, 

Krzyzanowski 

,  3d,   Schimmel- 

Eleventh. 

17 

3 

fennig. 

59th 

Inf.3 

3d, 

Hall. 

2d, 

Gibbon. 

Second. 

34 

.  > 

6cth 

Inf. 

3d, 

Greene. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth. 

52 

6ist 

Inf. 

4'h, 

Cross. 

ISt, 

Caldwell. 

Second. 

62 

.    . 

62d 

Inf. 

3d, 

Nevin. 

3d, 

Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

12 

.   . 

63d 

Inf.* 

2d, 

Kelly. 

ISt, 

Caldwell. 

Second. 

15 

8 

64th 

Inf. 

4th, 

Brooke. 

ISt, 

Caldwell. 

Second. 

79 

19 

65th 

Inf. 

1st, 

Shaler. 

3d, 

Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

9 

66th 

Inf. 

3d, 

Zook. 

ISt, 

Caldwell. 

Second. 

34 

10 

67th 

Inf. 

ist, 

Shaler. 

3d, 

Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

.    . 

i 

68th 

Inf. 

ISt, 

Von  Gilsa. 

ist, 

Barlow. 

Eleventh. 

71 

67 

69th 

Inf.* 

2d, 

Kelly. 

ISt, 

Caldwell. 

Second. 

19 

6 

7oth 

Inf.5* 

2d, 

Brewster. 

2d, 

Humphreys 

Third. 

"3 

4 

7ist 

Inf5f 

2d, 

Brewster. 

2d, 

Humphreys. 

Third. 

178 

'3 

72d 

Inf.5} 

2d, 

Brewster. 

2d, 

Humphreys. 

Third. 

86 

28 

73d 

Inf.5|| 

2d, 

Brewster. 

2d, 

Humphreys. 

Third. 

154 

8 

74th 

Inf.'g 

2(1, 

Brewster. 

2(1, 

Humphreys. 

.... 

86 

3 

76th 

Inf. 

2d, 

Cutler. 

ISt, 

Wad-worth. 

First. 

164 

70 

77th 

Inf.1 

3d, 

Neill. 

2(1, 

Howe. 

Sixth 

•    • 

1  Not  engaged. 

2  Mo/art  Regiment,  recruited  in  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  Massachusetts. 

3  Four  companies. 
*  Two  companies. 

6  *  First,  f  Second,  I  Third,  ||  Fourth,  and  g  Fifth  Excelsior. 


6ist^N>Y.  (Gen.  Miles'  Old  Regiment).     In  the  Wheat  Field. 
27th  Conn,  to  I,eft. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      419 


NEW  YORK — Continued. 


Regiment. 

78th  Inf. 
82d  Inf. 
83d  Inf. 
86th  Inf. 
88th  Inf.1 
93d  Inf.'2 

1st, 

2d, 
2d, 
2d, 

Brigade. 

Greene. 
Harrow. 
Baxter. 
Ward. 

Kelly. 

Division. 
2d,  Geary. 
2d,  Gibbon. 
2d,  Robinson. 
1st,  Birney. 
ist,  Caldwell. 

r              Killed  and 
Corps'     wounded. 

Twelfth.           27 
Second.         177 
First.                24 
Third.             62 
Second.           24 

Miss 
ing. 

.    3 
15 

58 
4 
4 

94th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Paul. 

ISt, 

Robinson. 

First. 

70 

175 

95th  Inf. 

2d, 

Cutler. 

1st, 

Wadsworth 

.First. 

69 

46 

97th  Inf. 

2d, 

Baxter. 

2d, 

Robinson. 

First. 

48 

78 

I02d  Inf. 

2d, 

Greene. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth. 

21 

8 

iO4th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Paul. 

2d, 

Robinson. 

First. 

IO2 

92 

I07th  Inf. 

3d, 

Colgrove. 

ISt, 

Ruger. 

Twelfth. 

2 

.    . 

108th  Inf. 

2d, 

Smyth. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

IO2 

.    . 

nith  Inf. 

3d, 

Willard. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

235 

14 

1  1  9th  Inf. 

2d, 

Krzyzanowski. 

3d, 

Schimmel- 

Eleventh. 

81 

59 

fennig. 

!2Oth  Inf. 

2d, 

Brewster. 

2d, 

Humphreys 

.Third. 

184 

J9 

I2ist  Inf.3 

3d, 

Bartlett. 

3d, 

Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

2 

.  . 

I22d  Inf. 

ISt, 

Shaler. 

3d, 

Wheaton. 

Sixih. 

42 

2 

1  23d  Inf. 

ISt, 

McDougall. 

ISt, 

Ruger. 

Twelfth. 

13 

I 

1  24th  Inf. 

2d, 

Ward. 

1st, 

Birney. 

Third. 

85 

5 

1  25th  Inf. 

3d, 

Willard. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

130 

9 

1  26th  Inf. 

3d, 

Willard. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

221 

10 

1  34th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Coster. 

2d, 

Stemwehr. 

Eleventh. 

193 

59 

I36th  Inf. 

2d, 

Smith. 

2d, 

Steinwehr. 

Eleventh. 

1  06 

3 

I37th  Inf. 

3d, 

Greene. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth 

127 

10 

1  40th  Inf. 

3d, 

Weed. 

2d, 

Ayres. 

Fifth. 

"5 

18 

1  45th  Inf. 

ISt, 

McDougall. 

ISt, 

Ruger. 

Twelfth. 

10 

1  46th  Inf. 

3d, 

Weed. 

2d, 

Ayres. 

Fifth. 

28 

.   . 

I47th  Inf. 

2d, 

Cutler. 

ISt, 

Wads  worth.  First. 

177 

92 

1  49th  Inf. 

3d, 

Greene. 

ISt, 

Ruger. 

Twelfth. 

52 

3 

I5oth  Inf. 

2d, 

Lockwood. 

ISt, 

Ruger. 

Twelfth. 

30 

15 

1  54th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Coster. 

2d, 

Stein  wehr. 

Eleventh. 

22 

178 

I57th  Inf. 

1st,  Von  Amsberg 

-3d, 

Schurz. 

Eleventh. 

193 

114 

1  Two  companies.            2  At  he; 

id-quarters  guarding  trains. 

3  Not  engaged. 

42O  GETTYSBURG. 

Batteries. 

c  Killed  and     Miss. 

-orps-       wounded.       ing. 

Reynolds's  1st  Light First.  ib  i 

Rorty's  1st  Light  (B) Second.  26  .    . 

Winslow's  1st  Light  (D) Third.  10  8 

Smith's  4th  Light Third.  12  i 

Barnes's  ist  Light  (C)1 Fifth. 

Cowan's  1st  Light Sixth.  12  .    . 

Ham's  3d  Light1 Sixth. 

Weidrick's  1st  Light  (I) Eleventh.  13 

Wheeler's  I3th  Light Eleventh.  8  3 

Winegar's  Ist  Light  (M) Twelfth 

Martin's  6th Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.  I  .    . 

Hart's  I5th  Light Artillery  Reserve.  16  .    . 

Taft's  5th  Light Artillery  Reserve.  3  .    . 

Ames's  Ist  Light  (G) Artillery  Reserve.  7  .    . 

Fitzhugh's  1st  Light  (K)2 Artillery  Reserve.  7  .    . 

1  Not  engaged.  2  nth  New  York  Battery  attached. 

GENERAL    OFFICERS. 

Corps  Commanders. 

General  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  Commander  of  the  Third  Corps  (wounded). 
General  Henry  W.  Slocum,  Commander  of  the  Twelfth  Corps. 
General  Abner  Doubleday,  Commander  of  the  P'irst  Corps  (tempo 
rarily). 

General  Daniel  Butterfield,  Chief  of  Staff  (wounded). 
General  Gouverneur  K.  Warren,  Chief  Engineer. 

Division  Commanders. 

General  James  S.  Wadsworth,  Commander  of  the  First  Division, 
First  Corps. 

General  John  C.  Robinson,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division, 
First  Corps. 

General  Romeyn  B.  Ayres,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division, 
Fifth  Corps. 

General  Francis  C.  Barlow,  Commander  of  the  First  Division, 
Eleventh  Corps  (wounded). 

General  Adolph  von  Steinwehr,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division, 
Eleventh  Corps. 


* 


78th  and  iozd  N.  Y.  Monument.     At  Breastworks,  Gulp's  Hill. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      423 

Brigade  Commanders. 

General  Alexander  S.  Webb,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Second  Corps  (wounded). 

Colonel  Patrick  Kelly,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Second  Corps. 

General  George  S.  Willard,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Second  Corps  (killed). 

General  Charles  K.  Graham,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Third  Corps  (wounded). 

General  Hobart  Ward,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Third  Corps. 

General  P.  R.  de  Trobriand,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Third  Corps.  (Born  in  France.) 

General  Joseph  B.  Carr,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Third  Corps. 

Colonel  W.  M.  R.  Brewster,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Third  Corps. 

General  Stephen  H.  Weed,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Fifth  Corps  (killed). 

General  J.  J.  Bartlett,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Sixth  Corps. 

General  David  A.  Russell,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Sixth  Corps. 

Colonel  Leopold  von  Gilsa,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Eleventh  Corps.  (Born  in  Germany.) 

Colonel  Charles  K.  Coster,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Eleventh  Corps. 

Colonel  W.  Krzyzanowski,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Eleventh  Corps.  (Born  in  Poland  ) 

Colonel  Archibald  L.  McDougall,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade, 
First  Division,  Twelfth  Corps. 

General  George  S.  Greene,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Twelfth  Corps.  (Born  in  Rhode  Island.) 

Colonel  Thomas  C.  Devin,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Cavalry  Corps. 

The  total  appropriations  by  the  State  for 
monuments,  exclusive  of  those  to  the  cemetery, 
were  $244,825. 


424  GETTYSBURG. 

When  this  great  State  decided  to  erect  mon 
uments  upon  the  field,  there  was  a  certainty 
that  it  would  be  done  not  only  in  a  liberal, 
but  in  a  most  thorough  manner. 

A  commission,  consisting  of  Generals  Sickles, 
Slocum,  Graham,  and  Carr,  and  Major  Richard 
son,  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  matter, 
and  they  gave  great  personal  attention  to  it.  In 
addition  to  the  appropriation  of  $1500  to  each 
command,  many  regiments  contributed  largely 
towards  the  erection  of  their  monuments. 

Before  the  State  made  any  appropriation  the 
1 4th  Brooklyn  and  1 24th  Regiments  had  erected 
costly  monuments.  That  of  the  former  at  the 
railroad  cut,  on  the  First  Corps  line,  is  a  sol 
dier  in  the  zouave  uniform  of  the  regiment  in 
the  act  of  loading,  while  the  latter,  on  the 
Third  Corps  line,  on  the  knoll  above  Devil's 
Den,  is  surmounted  by  a  statue  of  its  youthful 
commander,  Colonel  Ellis,  standing  in  the  posi 
tion  he  was  when  killed  on  the  2d,  as  he  stood 
with  folded  arms  watching  the  approach  of  the 
Texas  brigade,  which  was  advancing  over  the 
rocks  and  through  the  bushes  in  the  immediate 
front.  The  regiment,  recruited  in  Orange 
County,  was  known  as  the  "Orange  Blos 
soms."  The  citizens  of  the  county  contributed 
liberally  to  the  monument.  Near  it  is  the  fine 
monument  of  the  86th  Regiment. 


i4th  Brooklyn  Zouaves  (84th  New  York), 
ist  Corps 


.Near^the  Railroad  Cut. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      427 

The  monument  of  the  44th  Regiment  and  two 
companies  of  the  1 2th,  upon  the  summit  of  Little 
Round  Top,  is  probably  the  most  expensive  regi 
mental  monument  on  the  field.  It  is  a  massive 
granite  castle,  in  the  lower  chamber  of  which  are 
bronze  plates  containing  a  complete  muster-roll 
of  each  company.  A  winding  stairway  leads  to 
the  observatory  on  top.  It  was  through  the  lib 
eral  contributions  of  General  Butterfield,  princi 
pally,  that  this  splendid  monument  was  erected. 

Among  other  fine  monuments  of  the  State 
are  the  following  :  that  of  Sickles' s  old  "  Excel 
sior  Brigade,"  near  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  in 
which  is  a  column  for  each  of  the  five  regi 
ments,  with  full  and  appropriate  inscriptions  ; 
that  of  the  "  Irish  Brigade,"  on  the  edge  of  the 
Wheat-Field,  a  large  granite  and  bronze  cross, 
with  a  bronze  Irish  wolf-dog  lying  at  its  foot ; 
that  of  Smith's  battery,  on  the  knoll,  near 
Devil's  Den,  a  bronze  cannoneer  standing  by 
his  gun  with  rammer  in  hand ;  the  tall  and 
expensive  shaft  of  the  83d,  on  the  First 
Corps  line,  on  Oak  Ridge,  and  the  costly  mon 
uments  of  the  6th  and  Qth  Cavalry  immediately 
in  front  of  it,  the  former  containing  one  of  the 
largest  bronze  plates  on  the  field,  representing 
a  cavalry  charge,  and  the  latter  a  similar  plate 
with  the  figure  of  a  cavalry  vedette  discovering 
the  approach  of  the  enemy. 


428  GETTYSBURG. 

Many  other  monuments  on  this  line  are  also 
handsome  and  expensive. 

On  the  Twelfth  Corps  line,  on  Gulp's  Hill, 
among  the  most  characteristic  are  those  of  the 
78th  and  iO2d,  constructed  of  granite,  repre 
senting  a  soldier  firing  from  behind  a  log  breast 
work  ;  that  of  the  12  3d  is  a  granite  figure  of 
History  recording  the  events  of  the  battle  upon 
a  large  tablet. 

On  the  Second  Corps  line  is  the  large  granite 
clover-leaf  monument  of  the  io8th  and  the 
bronze  soldier  of  the  1 1  ith,  and  a  short  distance 
beyond  is  the  costly  monument  of  Cowan's  bat 
tery,  which  was  erected  through  the  generosity 
of  Colonel  Cowan.  It  is  a  fine  piece  of  bronze 
work,  depicting  a  battery  firing  grape  and  canis 
ter  into  the  ranks  of  the  enemy  at  short  range. 

Near  this  is  the  monument  of  the  42 d  (Tam 
many)  Regiment.  It  was  erected  by  subscrip 
tions  of  the  Tammany  Organization  of  New 
York,  and  is  a  large  and  finely  finished  piece  of 
bronze  work.  The  granite  pedestal  is  sur 
mounted  by  an  immense  bronze  wigwam,  an 
Indian  warrior  standing  beside  it.  This  monu 
ment  is  subject  to  criticism,  as  in  the  far  future 
it  may  lead  to  misconception  as  to  Indians  par 
ticipating  in  the  battle. 

In  fact,  there  is  hardly  a  New  York  regimental 
monument  on  the  field  that  is  not  attractive. 


w  York  (Orange  Blossoms),  on  the  Knoll  above  Devil's  Den, 
iRepresenting  Col.  Ellis  as  He  was  Standing  when  Killed. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       431 

In  addition  to  these  the  State  erected,  at 
an  expense  of  $60,000,  a  magnificent  monu 
ment  in  the  cemetery  in  honor  of  its  dead.  It 
is  a  splendid  ,work  of  art,  being  a  classic  shaft, 
and  upon  the  dies  of  the  base  are  large  bronze 
tablets  representing  the  principal  events  of  each 
day  of  the  battle. 

Upon  the  summit  of  Round  Top  is  the  bronze 
heroic  statue  of  General  Warren,  then  chief 
engineer  of  the  army.  It  was  erected  through 
the  efforts  of  the  5th  New  York  (Duryee's 
Zouaves),  his  old  regiment.  It  is  of  a  very  high 
order  of  art,  well  executed. 


NEW    JERSEY. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division.                   Corps. 

Killed  and 
wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

1st  Cav. 

ist,  Mclntosh 

2d,  Gregg.            Cavalry. 

7 

.     . 

ist  Inf.1 

ist,  Torbert. 

ist,  Wright.         Sixth. 

.    . 

2d  Inf.1 

ist,  Torbert. 

ist,  Wright.         Sixth. 

6 

3d  Inf.1 

1st,  Torbert. 

ist,  Wright.         Sixth. 

2 

4th  Inf.2 

5th  Inf. 

3d,  Burling. 

2cl,  Humphreys.  Third. 

78 

16 

6th  Inf. 

3d,  Burling. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

33 

8 

7th  Inf. 

3d,  Burling. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

101 

13 

8th  Inf. 

3d,  Burling. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

21 

3 

Uth  Inf. 

1st,  Carr. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

141 

12 

1  2th  Inf. 

2d,  Smyth. 

3d,  Hays.             Second. 

1  06 

9 

1  3th  Inf. 

3d,  Colgrove. 

ist,  Ruger.           Twelfth. 

21 

I5th  Inf.1 

ist.  Torbert. 

1st,  Wright.          Sixth. 

3 

•   • 

1  Not  engaged. 

2  Guarding  reserve  ammunition  train 

Batteries. 

Killed  and 

Miss 

Corps. 

wounded. 

ing. 

Clark's  2d  Light ,         .Third.  17 

Parson's  1st  Light Artillery  Reserve.         9 


43 2  GETTYSBURG. 

General  Officers. 

General  Judson  Kilpatrick,  Commander  of  the  Third  Division, 
Cavalry  Corps. 

General  George  C.  Burling,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Third  Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 

$44,255- 

The  appropriations  for  the  five  regiments  of 
the  ist  New  Jersey  Brigade  of  the  Sixth  Corps, 
which  were  in  reserve  in  the  rear  of  the  left 
centre,  were  consolidated  in  the  erection  of  an 
imposing  brigade  monument,  a  granite  castle, 
which  stands  in  a  commanding  position. 

The  monuments  of  the  nth,  i2th,  and  i3th 
Regiments  and  of  Clark's  battery  are  very 
characteristic.  That  of  the  1 1  th,  on  the  Third 
Corps  line,  on  the  Emmittsburg  Road,  is  a 
heavy  pedestal,  upon  which  lies  an  open  vol 
ume  of  history.  That  of  the  i2th,  on  the 
Second  Corps  line,  contains  a  bronze  plate  rep 
resenting  the  regiment  charging  out  to  and 
burning  the  Bliss  barn.  That  of  the  i3th  is 
one  of  the  most  substantial  monuments  on  the 
field.  It  is  in  the  woods,  on  the  extreme  right 
of  the  Twelfth  Corps  line,  at  the  edge  of  Rock 
Creek,  and  upon  its  face  is  well  cut  in  relief 
the  figure  of  a  soldier  firing  from  behind  the 
trees. 


New  Jersey  Rripade  Monument.     6th  Corps.     In   Rear  ol 
Left  Center. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      435 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

n              Killed  and 
Corps'      wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

1st  Cav. 

ist,  Mclntosh. 

2d,  Gregg. 

Head-q'rs. 

.    . 

2 

2d  Cav. 

Head-q'rs 

3d  Cav. 

1st,  Mclntosh. 

2d,  Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

15 

6 

4th  Cav.1 

3d,  Gregg. 

2d,  Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

.    . 

.     . 

6th  Cav. 

Merritt. 

ist,  Buford. 

Cavalry. 

IO 

6 

8th  Cav.1 

2d,  Huey. 

2d,  Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

.    . 

.  . 

1  6th  Cav. 

3d,  Gregg. 

2d,  Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

6 

.    . 

1  7th  Cav. 

2d,  Devin. 

ist,  Buford. 

Cavalry. 

.    . 

4 

1  8th  Cav. 

ist  Farnsworth. 

3d,  Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

6 

8 

nth  Inf. 

2d,  Baxter. 

2d,  Robinson. 

First. 

70 

62 

23d  Inf.2 

1st,  Shaler. 

3d,  Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

H 

.   . 

26th  Inf. 

1st,  Carr. 

2d,  Humphreys. 

Third. 

206 

7 

ayth  Inf. 

1st,  Coster. 

2d,  Steinwehr. 

Eleventh. 

34 

77 

28th  Inf. 

1st,  Candy. 

2d,  Geary. 

Twelfth. 

24 

3 

29th  Inf. 

2d,  Kane. 

2d,  Geary. 

Twelfth. 

58 

46th  Inf. 

ist,  McDougall. 

ist,  Ruger. 

Twelfth. 

12 

i 

49th  Inf.1 

3d,  Russell. 

1st,  Wright. 

Sixth. 

.     . 

.  . 

53d  Inf. 

4th,  Brooke. 

ist,  Caldwell. 

Second. 

74 

6 

56th  Inf. 

2d,  Cutler. 

ist,  Wadsworth. 

First. 

73 

56 

57th  Inf. 

1st,  Graham. 

ist,  Birney. 

Third. 

57 

58 

6ist  Inf.1 

3d,  Neill. 

2d,  Howe. 

Sixth. 

i 

i 

62d  Inf. 

2d,  Sweitzer. 

1st,  Barnes. 

Fifth. 

135 

40 

63d  Inf. 

1st,  Graham. 

ist,  Birney. 

Third. 

30 

4 

68th  Inf. 

ist,  Graham. 

ist,  Birney. 

Third. 

133 

19 

69th  Inf. 

2d,  Webb. 

2d,  Gibbon. 

Second. 

120 

8 

7  ist  Inf. 

2d,  Webb. 

2d,  Gibbon. 

Second. 

79 

19 

72d  Inf.3 

2d,  Webb. 

2d,  Gibbon. 

Second. 

189 

2 

73d  Inf. 

1st,  Coster. 

2d,  Steinwehr. 

Eleventh. 

34 

.    . 

74th  Inf. 

ist,  Von  Amsberg. 

3d,  Schimmel- 

Eleventh. 

5° 

60 

fennig. 

75th  Inf. 

2d,  Krzyzanowski. 

3d,  Schimmel- 

Eleventh. 

1  08 

3 

fennig. 

8  ist  Inf. 

1st,  Cross. 

1st,  Caldwell. 

Second. 

54 

8 

82d  Inf. 

ist,  Shaler. 

2d,  Wheaton. 

Sixth. 

6 

.   . 

83d  Inf. 

3d,  Vincent. 

1st,  Barnes. 

Fifth. 

55 

•  • 

1  Not  engaged. 


2  Birney's  Zouaves.  3  Baxter's  Zouaves. 


436 


GETTYSBURG. 


PENNSYLVANIA  —  Continued. 

Regiment.                 Brigade. 

Division.               Corps       Killed  ,a"d   ¥iss- 
wounded.      ing. 

84th  Inf.1     ist,  Carr. 

2tl,  Humphreys.  Third. 

88th  Inf.      2d,  Baxter. 

2d,  Robinson.     First. 

57 

49 

9Oth  Inf.      2d,  Baxter. 

2d,  Robinson.     First. 

53 

40 

9ist  Inf.       3d,  Weed. 

2d,  Ayres.            Fifth. 

19 

.    . 

93d  Inf.       3d,  Nevin. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

10 

.   , 

95th  Inf.'2     2d,  Bartlett. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

2 

. 

96th  Inf.1     2d,  Bartlett. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

I 

.    . 

98th  Inf.      3d,  Nevin. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

I  I 

.   . 

99th  Inf.       2d,  Ward. 

ist,  Birney.          Third. 

99 

ii 

io2d  Inf.1    3d,  Nevin. 

3d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

.    . 

I05th  Inf.    Ist,  Graham. 

ist,  Birney.          Third. 

123 

9 

Io6th  Inf.    2d,  Webb. 

2d,  Gibbon.         Second. 

63 

i 

I07th  Inf.    1st,  Paul. 

2d,  Robinson.     First. 

67 

98 

logth  Inf.    2d,  Kane. 

2d,  Geary.            Twelfth. 

9 

i 

noth  Inf.    3d,  De  Trobriand. 

ist,  Birney.          Third. 

53 

I  nth  Inf.    2d,  Kane. 

2d,  Geary.            Twelfth 

22 

114th  Inf.3    Ist,  Graham. 

1st,  Birney.          Third. 

94 

60 

115th  Inf.    3d,  Burling. 

2d,  Humphreys.  Third. 

21 

3 

Il6th  Inf.*  2d,  Kelly. 

1st,  Caldwell.      Second. 

13 

9 

n8ih  Inf.    ist,  Tilton. 

ist,  Barnes.         Fifth. 

22 

3 

iigth  Inf.1  3d,  Russell. 

1st,  Wright.         Sixth. 

2 

I2ist  Inf.    ist,  Biddle. 

3d,  Doubleday.  First. 

118 

61 

1  39th  Inf.    3d,  Nevin. 

2d,  Wheaton.      Sixth. 

3° 

.   . 

I40th  Inf.    3d,  Zook. 

Ist,  Caldwell.      Second. 

181 

60 

I4ist  Inf.     ist,  Graham. 

ist,  Birney.           Third. 

128 

21 

I42d  Inf.     1st,  Biddle. 

3d,  Doubleday.  first. 

141 

70 

I43d  Inf.     2d,  Stone. 

3d,  Doubleday.    First. 

161 

91 

I45th  Inf.5  4th,  Brooke. 

ist,  Caldwell.      Second. 

76 

8 

1  47th  Inf.    ist,  Candy. 

2d,  Geary.            Twelfth. 

20 

I48th  Inf.    ist,  Cross. 

Ist,  Caldwell.      Second. 

120 

5 

I49th  Inf.   2d,  Stone. 

3d,  Doubleday.  First. 

205 

I31 

1  5oth  Inf.   2d,  Stone. 

3d,  Doubleday.  First. 

1  80 

84 

15  ist  Inf.    1st,  Biddle. 

3d,  Doubleday.  First. 

233 

102 

I53d  Inf.     1st,  Von  Gilsa. 

ist,  Barlow.         Eleventh. 

I65 

46 

I55th  Inf.6  3d,  Weed. 

1st,  Ayres.            Fif  h. 

19 

1  Not  engaged.  2  Gosline's  Zou;tves,  not  engaged. 

3  Collis's  Zouaves.  *  Four  compnmes. 

6  Seven  companies.         6  Pittsburg  Zouaves. 


nth  Penna.,  ist  Corps,  Oak  Ridge. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      439 


Pennsylvania  Reserves. 


Regiment. 
1st  Inf. 
2d   Inf. 
5th  Inf.1 
6th  Inf. 
9th  Inf.1 
loth  Inf.1 
nth  Inf. 
1  2th  Inf.1 
1st  Rifles. 

1st, 

ISt, 

3d, 
1st, 
3d, 
3d, 
3d, 
3d, 
1st, 

Brigade. 
McCandless. 
McCandless. 
Fisher. 
McCandless. 
Fisher. 
Fisher. 
Fisher. 
Fisher. 
McCandless. 

Division. 

3d,   Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 
3d,  Crawford. 

Corps 

Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 
Fifth. 

Killed  and     Miss- 


1  Not  engaged. 

Batteries. 

Corps. 

Cooper's  1st  Light  (B) First. 

Knap's  6th  Light  (E) Twelfth. 

Thompson's  Light  Independent  (C  and  F)    .    Artillery 

Reserve. 
Ricketts's  ist  Light  (F  and  G) Artillery 

Reserve. 
Runk's  3d  Light  (H) Unattached. 


46 

36 

2 

24 

5 

5 

41 

2 
46 


Killed  and 
wounded. 


II 

3 
24 

20 


ing. 


Miss 
ing. 


GENERAL    OFFICERS. 
General  George  G.  Meade,  Commander  of  the  Army. 

Corps  Commanders. 

General  John  F.  Reynolds,  Commander  of  the  First  Corps  (killed). 

General  Winfield  S.  Hancock,  Commander  of  the  Second  Corps 
(wounded). 

General  David  B.  Birney,  Commander  of  the  Third  Corps  (after 
General  Sickles  was  wounded). 

Division  Commanders. 

General  Thomas  A.  Rowley,  Commander  of  the  Third  Division, 
First  Corps. 

General  John  Gibbon,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division,  Second 
Corps  (wounded). 

General  Alexander  Hays,  Commander  of  the  Third  Division,  Second 
Corps. 


440  GETTYSBURG. 

General  Andrew  A.  Humphreys,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division, 
Third  Corps. 

General  S.  W.  Crawford,  Commander  of  the  Third  Division,  Fifth 
Corps. 

General  John  W.  Geary,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division,  Twelfth 
Corps. 

General  David  McM.  Gregg,  Commander  of  the  Second  Division, 
Cavalry  Corps. 

Brigade  Commanders. 

Colonel  Chapman  Bicldle,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  First  Corps. 

General  Roy  Stone,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  First  Corps  (wounded). 

•General  S.  K.  Zook,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Second  Corps  (killed). 

General  John  R.  Brooke,  Commander  of  the  Fourth  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Second  Corps  (wounded). 

General  J.  B.  Sweitzer,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Fifth  Corps. 

General  Strong  Vincent,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Fifth  Corps  (killed). 

Colonel  William  McCandless,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Fifth  Corps. 

Colonel  J.  W.  Fisher,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Fifth  Corps. 

General  Thomas  H.  Neill,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Sixth  Corps. 

General  A.  Schimmelfennig,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Eleventh  Corps. 

General  Thomas  L.  Kane,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Twelfth  Corps. 

General  John  B.  Mclntosh,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Cavalry  Corps. 

Colonel  Pennock  Huey,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Cavalry  Corps. 

Colonel  John  Irwin  Gregg,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Cavalry  Corps. 

The  total  State  appropriations  for  monu 
ments,  exclusive  of  cemetery,  were  $399,877.22. 


Battery  H-,  3  Penna.  Artillery,  with  Gregg's  Cavalry. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      443 

The  survivors  of  several  regiments  of  this 
State  had  erected  monuments  upon  the  field 
before  the  State  made  an  appropriation  for  that 
purpose. 

The  difficulty  was  not  in  having  an  act 
passed  by  the  Legislature,  but  in  repressing  ef 
forts  to  have  such  an  act  passed,  especially 
after  Massachusetts  made  an  appropriation  for 
such  purpose. 

Those  in  the  State  most  actively  interested 
well  knew  that  there  would  be  a  just  rivalry  be 
tween  the  great  States  of  New  York  and  Penn 
sylvania,  which  together  had  more  commands 
present  at  the  battle  than  all  the  other  States 
combined.  They  knew  that  when  New  York 
took  action  it  would  be  upon  a  liberal  basis,  and 
that  Pennsylvania  would  be  certain  to  equal 
anything  done  by  the  Empire  State.  They 
were,  therefore,  desirous  of  deferring  action 
until  the  latter  State  had  made  its  appropriation, 
but  it  required  considerable  effort  to  accom 
plish  it. 

As  soon  as  New  York  had  made  an  appro 
priation  of  $1500  for  each  regimental  monu 
ment,  a  bill  making  a  like  appropriation  by  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  was  introduced  in  the 
State  Senate.  This  bill,  appropriating  $121, 500, 
was  approved  June  15,  1887. 

Among  the  most  attractive  monuments  are : 


444  GETTYSBURG. 

that  of  the  56th  Infantry  on  the  First  Corps 
line,  a  bronze  stack  of  muskets  and  equip 
ments  ;  the  massive  monument  of  the  1 5 1  st, 
at  the  edge  of  Reynolds' s  Grove  ;  the  huge 
granite  tree-trunk,  with  bronze  ivy  twined 
around  it,  of  the  QOth,  on  Oak  Ridge,  near  the 
Mummasburg  Road  ;  the  granite  cannon  and 
other  implements  of  war  of  the  88th,  near  it ; 
the  bronze  soldier  of  the  iith,  farther  to  the 
left,  on  the  same  line  ;  that  of  the  i  yth  Cavalry, 
of  Devin's  brigade,  immediately  in  their  front, 
a  full-sized  horse  and  rider  upon  an  immense 
block  of  Westerly  granite  ;  that  of  the  74th, 
on  the  Eleventh  Corps  line,  a  granite  figure 
of  a  color-bearer  falling,  but  still  holding  his 
flag  aloft ;  that  of  Ricketts's  battery,  on  East 
Cemetery  Hill,  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
expensive  upon  the  field,  cannon,  gunner,  etc., 
in  granite,  cut  in  full  relief;  that  of  the  73d, 
near  it,  a  bronze  plate  representing  the  regiment 
charging  from  out  the  cemetery  to  the  relief  of 
the  batteries  ;  that  of  the  230!  (Birney's  Phila 
delphia  Zouaves),  on  Gulp's  Hill,  representing 
a  soldier  double-quicking  towards  the  works 
at  "  trail  arms;"  those  of  the  28th,  29th,  and 
1 09th,  near  by;  the  large  and  substantial  ones 
of  the  7  ist,  near  the  "  copse  of  trees,"  on  the 
Second  Corps  line  ;  the  bronze  zouave  with 
clubbed  musket  of  the  72d,  near  by;  that  of 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      447 

the  ist  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  in  front  of  Meade's 
head-quarters,  a  bronze  dismounted  trooper 
kneeling  and  firing  ;  also  the  bronze  dismounted 
cavalryman  of  heroic  size  in  the  act  of  loading 
his  carbine,  of  the  2d  Cavalry,  at  Meade's  head 
quarters  ;  that  of  the  8th  Cavalry,  near  Pleason- 
ton's  head-quarters,  a  granite  horse  and  rider, 
of  full  size,  cut  out  of  one  piece  of  granite,  with 
bronze  equipments  ;  that  of  the  95th  (Gosline's 
Zouaves),  to  the  right  and  front  of  Little  Round 
Top;  that  of  the  i55th  (Pittsburg  Zouaves)  ; 
the  granite  castle  of  the  gist,  of  the  same  bri 
gade,  and  that  of  the  83d,  on  Little  Round 
Top,  the  latter  a  bronze  statue  of  General  Vin 
cent  ;  that  of  the  gth  Reserves,  between  the 
two  Round  Tops,  a  soldier  standing  by  the  grave 
of  his  comrade  ;  that  of  the  loth  Reserves,  near 
by;  those  of  the  5th,  8th,  and  i2th,  on  Big 
Round  Top  ;  the  large  granite  keystone  of 
the  99th,  on  the  knoll  above  Devil's  Den ; 
that  of  the  i8th  Cavalry,  on  Kilpatrick's  line; 
that  of  the  i48th,  in  the  Wheat-Field  ;  those  of 
the  53d  and  i45th,  on  the  line  of  Brooke's 
brigade  ;  that  of  the  1 1 6th,  beyond  the  Wheat- 
Field,  a  soldier  falling  while  crossing  a  wall ; 
that  of  the  i  i8th  (Philadelphia  Corn  Exchange), 
near  by  ;  the  fine  bronze  cannoneer  of  Thomp 
son's  battery,  in  the  Peach  Orchard  ;  those  of 
the  68th  and  i4ist,  near  it ;  the  bronze  zouave 


448  GETTYSBURG. 

of  the  1 1 4th,  in  Sherfy's  yard,  on  the  Emmitts- 
burg  Road  ;  and  that  of  the  io5th  (the  Wildcat 
Regiment),  near  it.  There  are  many  other 
monuments  of  this  State,  as  of  New  York,  which 
are  very  attractive  and  impressive. 

In  addition  to  the  regimental  monuments,  the 
State,  in  1891,  appropriated  $100,000  for  eques 
trian  statues  of  Generals  Meade,  Hancock,  and 
Reynolds.  The  two  former  have  been  erected, 
and  the  latter  is  still  in  the  hands  of  the  artist, 
and  will  be  erected  in  the  summer  of  1897. 

That  of  General  Meade  stands  near  the  cen 
tre  of  the  line  of  battle,  on  the  Second  Corps 
line.  It  represents  him  uncovered,  as  he  rides 
upon  the  field  at  the  time  of  Longstreet's 
assault  and  repulse,  receiving  the  wild  greetings 
of  his  army. 

That  of  General  Hancock,  on  East  Ceme 
tery  Hill,  where  he  assumed  command  of  the 
army  on  the  evening  of  July  i,  represents  him 
pointing  to  positions  and  giving  directions  for 
the  formation  of  a  new  line  of  battle. 

These  two  statues  are  considered,  by  capable 
critics,  as  two  of  the  finest  works  of  art  of  the 
kind  in  America,  and  no  doubt  that  of  General 
Reynolds,  which  will  stand  upon  the  Eirst 
Corps  line,  will  be  of  equal  merit. 

The  regimental  monuments  were  dedicated 
September  1 1  and  12,  1889,  in  the  presence  of 


ist  Del.,  2d  Corps.     Hays'  tine,  RightTof  " Tlfe~  Copse?* 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCLVTION.      451 

an  immense  number  of  citizens  of  the  State. 
The  State  furnished  transportation  to  all  sur 
viving  soldiers  of  the  State  who  had  partici 
pated  in  the  battle. 

The  statues  of  Generals  Meade  and  Hancock 
were  dedicated  on  June  5.  1896,  the  ceremonies 
being  attended  also  by  a  large  number  of  dis 
tinguished  military  officers  and  citizens  of  the 
country. 

DELAWARE. 


1st  Inf.         2d,  Smyth.  ;  '..  Hj-y?. 

2d  Inf.         4th,  Brooke.  1st.  CaldwelL 


A  considerable  portion  of  the  two  Delaware 
regiments  was  recruited  in  Philadelphia. 

General  Officers. 

General  A.  T.  A.  Torbert,  Commander  of  the  Fiist  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Sixth  Corps. 

General  Thomas  A.  Smyth,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Second  Corps  (wounded). 

In  1885  tne  Legislature  appropriated  $2000 
for  the  purpose  of  erecting  monuments  on  the 
battle-field  of  Gettysburg. 

Unfortunately,  the  two  monuments  of  Dela- 
.re  are  duplicates,  being  small  dark  granite 
shafts. 

15 


MARYLAND. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

1st  Cav. 
ist  Inf.1 
istE.  S.2 

3d,  Gregg. 
2d,  Lockwood. 
2d,  Lockwood. 

2d,  Gregg. 
1st,  Ruger. 
1st,  Ruger. 

3d  Inf. 

ist,  McDougall. 

1st,  Ruger. 

452  GETTYSBURG. 


Corps       ^'"cu/"d    Mis*- 
wounded.     ing. 

Cavalry.  2  I 

Twelfth.  103  I 

Twelfth.  23  2 

Twelfth.  8  .    . 

1  Potomac  Home  Brigade.  ~  Eastern  Shore. 

Battery. 

Corps. 
Rigby's  Light  (A) Artillery  Reserve. 

General  Officers. 

General  George  Sykes,  Commander  of  the  Fifth  Corps. 
General    H.    H.  Lockwood,  Commander  of  the    Second    Brigade, 
First  Division,  Twelfth  Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$6000. 

The  monuments  of  this  State  are  all  of  good 
character  and  substantially  built.  Those  of  the 
ist  Cavalry,  of  Gregg's  division,  on  the  right, 
and  ist  Eastern  Shore,  on  Gulp's  Hill,  being 
particularly  of  excellent  design  and  finish. 

WEST    VIRGINIA. 

Regiment.                  Brigade.                        Division.  Corps.  w'0un(^i  \^~ 

1st  Cav.  1st,  Farnsworth.  3<1,  Kilpatrick.  Cavalry.           8  4 

3d  Cav.1  2d,  Devin.  1st,  Buford.  Cavalry.         .    .  4 

7th  Inf.  ist,  Carroll.  3<1,  Hays.  Second.          46  r 


l  Three  companies. 

Battery. 


c  Killed  and 

Lorps-        wounded. 


Hall's  Light  (C) Artillery  Reserve. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.        455 

The  monuments  were  dedicated  in  1898,  the  2d  W.  Va.  marching 
from  Camp  Meade,  near  Harrisburg,  to  participate  in  the  ceremonies. 


OHIO. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

r             Killed  and 
Corps'     wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

1st  Cav.1 

1st, 

Farnsworth. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

.    . 

.    . 

6th  Cav.2 

2d, 

Huey. 

2d, 

Gregg. 

Cavalry. 

.    . 

4th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Carroll. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

26 

5 

5th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Candy. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth. 

18 

.   . 

7th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Candy. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth. 

18 

.  . 

8th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Carroll. 

3d, 

Hays. 

Second. 

101 

i 

25th  Inf. 

2d, 

Ames. 

ISt, 

Barlow. 

Eleventh. 

112 

72 

29th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Candy. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth. 

38 

.   . 

55th  Inf. 

2d, 

Smith. 

2d, 

Steinwehr. 

Eleventh. 

37 

12 

6ist  Inf. 

ISt, 

Von  Amsberg. 

3d, 

Schurz. 

Eleventh. 

42 

12 

66th  Inf. 

ISt, 

Candy. 

2d, 

Geary. 

Twelfth. 

17 

.    . 

73d  Inf. 

2d, 

Smith. 

2d, 

Steinwehr. 

Eleventh. 

141 

4 

75th  Inf. 

2d, 

Ames. 

ISt, 

Barlow. 

Eleventh. 

94 

92 

82d  Inf. 

2d, 

Krzyzanowski. 

3d, 

Schimmel- 

Eleventh. 

IO2 

79 

fennig. 

I07th  Inf. 

2d, 

Ames. 

1st, 

Barlow. 

Eleventh. 

*34 

77 

1  Company 

F. 

Company  A  at  Gregg's  head-quarters. 

Not  engaged. 

Batteries. 

Corps.     Killed  and  Miss- 
wounded,    ing. 

Gibb's  1st  Light  (L) Fifth.  6  .    . 

Dilger's  ist  Light  (I) Eleventh.  13 

Heckman's  1st  Light  (K) Eleventh.  13  2 

Norton's  1st  Light  (H) Artillery  Reserve.  7  .    . 

General  Officers. 

General  Henry  Hunt,  Chief  of  Artillery.     (Born  in  Michigan.) 

General  George  A.  Custer,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Cavalry  Corps. 

General  Samuel  S.  Carroll,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Second  Corps.  (Born  in  District  of  Columbia.) 

General  Orland  Smith,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Eleventh  Corps.  (Born  in  Maine.) 

General  Charles  Candy,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Twelfth  Corps. 


456  GETTYSBURG. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$40,000. 

Of  the  above  amount,  $5000  was  given  to 
the  Memorial  Association  and  $35,000  was  ex 
pended  in  the  erection  of  monuments,  expenses 
of  commission,  etc. 

Although  the  appropriation  to  each  command 
of  this  State  was  $2000,  the  monuments,  with 
some  exceptions,  do  not  equal  those  of  several 
of  the  other  States  in  style  and  character. 
Among  the  finest  are  the  combined  monument 
of  the  75th  and  25th  Regiments,  on  the  Eleventh 
Corps  line,  and  those  of  the  7th  and  29th,  on 
Gulp's  Hill.  Probably  the  best  piece  of  work 
is  that  of  the  73d,  near  the  cemetery  wall,  on 
the  Taneytown  Road, — a  large  pedestal,  with 
the  flag  lying  gracefully  over  it,  cut  from  one 
piece  of  granite. 

INDIANA. 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division.  Corps.     K«|ed.nd    Miss- 

3d  Cav.  1st,  Gamble.  1st,  Buford.         Cavalry.  27  5 

7th  Inf.1  2d,  Cutler.  1st,  Wadsworth.  First. 

I4th  Inf.  1st,  Carroll.  3d,  Hays.            Second.  31  .    . 

19th  Inf.  ist,  Meredith.  1st,  Wadsworth.  First.  160  50 

2Oth  Inf.  2d,  Ward.  1st,  Birney.          Third.  146  10 

27th  Inf.  3d,  Colgrove.  1st,  Ruger.          Twelfth.  109  I 


1  Not  engaged. 

General  Officers. 

General  Solomon  Meredith,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  First  Corps  (wounded).     (Born  in  North  Carolina.) 


29th  Ohio,  I2th  Corps.     Gulp's  Hill 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      459 

General  William  Harrow,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Second  Corps.  (Born  in  Kentucky.) 

General  Silas  Colgrove,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Twelfth  Corps. 

The  State  appropriated  $3000  on  March  5, 
1885,  for  the  erection  of  monuments,  but  never 
contributed  to  the  Association  or  paid  anything 
towards  the  purchase  of  ground  upon  which  the 
monuments  are  located. 

The  monuments  of  this  State  are  plain,  and 
there  seems  to  have  been  no  effort  towards  origi 
nality  or  impressiveness. 

ILLINOIS. 

T-..   .  .  ^  Killed  and    Miss- 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division.  Corps.    wounded       ing- 

8th  Cav.       1st,  Gamble.  ist,  Buford.          Cavalry.  6  I 

I2th  Cav.1    1st,  Gamble.  ist,  Buford.          Cavalry.          14  6 

82d  Inf.        1st,  Von  Amsberg.  3d,  Schurz.          Eleventh.       23  89 


1  Four  companies. 

General  Officers. 

General  John  Buford,  Commander  of  the  First  Division,  Cavalry 
Corps.  (Born  in  Kentucky.) 

General  Wesley  Merritt,  Commander  of  the  Regular  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Cavalry  Corps.  (Born  in  New  York.) 

General  Elon  J.  Farnsworth,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Cavalry  Corps  (killed). 

General  William  Gamble,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Cavalry  Corps. 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$6000. 

Of  this  amount,  the  sum  of  $600  was  given 
to  the  Memorial  Association,  and  the  balance 


460  GETTYSBURG. 

was  expended  on  the  three  regimental  monu 
ments. 

Though  liberal  appropriations  were  made  for 
the  three  monuments,  they  are  not  of  that  char 
acter  which  was  expected  from  this  great  State. 


MICHIGAN. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

(,               Killed  and 
-°rps-      wounded. 

Miss 
ing. 

ISt 

Cav. 

2d, 

Custer. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

53 

2O 

5th 

Cav. 

2d, 

Custer. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

38 

18 

6th 

Cav. 

2d, 

Custer. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

27 

I 

7th 

Cav. 

2d, 

Custer. 

3d, 

Kilpatrick. 

Cavalry. 

61 

39 

ISt 

Inf. 

ISt, 

Tilton. 

1st, 

Barnes. 

Fifth. 

38 

4 

3d 

Inf. 

3d, 

De  Trobriand. 

1st, 

Birney. 

Third. 

38 

7 

4th 

Inf. 

2d, 

Sweitzer. 

ISt, 

Barnes. 

Fifth. 

89 

76 

5th 

Inf. 

3d, 

De  Trobriand. 

ISt, 

Birney. 

Third. 

105 

4 

7th 

Inf. 

3d, 

Hall. 

2d, 

Gibbon. 

Second. 

65 

.   . 

1  6th  Inf. 

3d, 

Vincent. 

ISt, 

Barnes. 

Fifth. 

57 

3 

24th  Inf.       1st,  Meredith.  1st,  Wadsworth.  First.  272  91 

Battery. 

r  Killed  and 

CorPs-        wounded. 

Daniel's  gth      Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.  5 

General  Officers. 

General  Alpheus  S.  Williams,  Commander  of  the  First  Division, 
Twelfth  Corps.  (Born  in  Connecticut.) 

General  Henry  Baxter,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  First  Corps.  (Born  in  New  York.) 

General  Norman  J.  Hall,  Commander  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Second 
Division,  Second  Corps. 

The  Legislature  of  1887  appropriated  the 
sum  of  $20,000  for  marking  by  monuments  the 
places  occupied  by  Michigan  troops  at  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg. 


3d  Michigan,  3d  Corps.     In  Peach.Orchard. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      463 

The  Legislature  of  1889  appropriated  the 
sum  of  $2000  for  general  expenses  of  dedica 
tion  of  the  foregoing  monuments,  and  $5000 
to  assist  in  paying  the  expenses  of  ex-soldiers 
attending  such  dedication. 

The  monuments  are  among  the  best  and  most 
substantial  on  the  field.  That  of  Custer's  cavalry 
brigade, — ist,  5th,  6th,  and  yth  Michigan, — on 
the  line  of  Gregg's  division,  is  one  of  the  best- 
executed  pieces  of  work  on  the  field.  It  is  par 
ticularly  characteristic.  That  of  the  24th,  in  Rey 
nolds' s  Grove,  is  surmounted  by  a  granite  figure, 
— a  soldier  in  action,  wearing  the  army  hat,  the 
Iron  Brigade  and  one  or  two  other  regiments 
being  the  only  troops  in  the  Army  of  the  Poto 
mac  not  wearing  the  fatigue  cap.  That  of  the 
7th,  near  the  "  copse  of  trees,"  on  the  Second 
Corps  line,  that  of  the  1 6th,  on  Little  Round  Top, 
and  that  of  the  4th,  in  the  Wheat-Field,  at  the 
spot  where  its  colonel,  Jeffords,  fell  with  a  bayo 
net  thrust  through  him,  are  well  designed  and 
constructed. 

WISCONSIN. 

Regiment.                   Brigade.                     Division.                 Corps.      ^^  ™£ 

2d  Inf.          1st,  Meredith.          ist,  Wads  worth.  First.  181  52 

3d  Inf.         3d,  Colgrove.          ist,  Ruger.          Twelfth.         10  .    . 
5th  Inf.1       3d,  Russell.             ist,  Wright.         Sixth. 

6th  Inf.         1st,  Meredith.          1st,  Wadsworth.  First.  146  22 

7th  Inf.        1st,  Meredith.         1st,  Wadsworth.  First.  126  52 

26th  Inf.      2d,  Krzyzanowski.  3d,  Schimmel-    Eleventh.  155  62 

fennig. 
1  Not  engaged. 


464  GETTYSBURG. 

General  Officers. 

General  Carl  Schurz,  Commander  of  the  Third  Division,  Eleventh 
Corps.  (Born  in  Germany.) 

General  Thomas  H.  Ruger,  Commander  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Division,  Twelfth  Corps.  (Born  in  New  York.) 

General  Lysander  Cutler,  Commander  of  the  Second  Brigade,  First 
Division,  First  Corps.  (Born  in  Massachusetts.) 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$3000. 

The  six  monuments  of  this  State  are  among 
the  best  on  the  field.  They  are  constructed  in 
whole  or  in  part  of  the  red  Montello  (Wiscon 
sin)  granite. 

Those  of  the  2d,  6th,  and  ;th,  in  Reynolds's 
Grove,  that  of  the  5th,  on  the  extreme  left  in 
rear  of  Round  Top,  that  of  the  3d,  on  Gulp's 
Hill,  and  that  of  the  26th,  on  the  Eleventh 
Corps  line,  while  all  of  different  style,  are  all 
equally  fine. 

MINNESOTA. 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division.  Corps.      Killed,and     ¥iss' 

wounded.       ing. 

1st  Inf.          1st,  Harrow.  2d,  Gibbon.          Second.         223  I 

The  State  appropriations  for  monuments  were 
$20,312. 

While  this  State  had  but  one  regiment  at 
Gettysburg,  it  was  the  first  State,  outside  of 
Pennsylvania,  to  make  an  appropriation  to  the 
Memorial  Association,  and  the  State's  liberality 
in  expenditure  for  a  monument  for  its  regiment 
was  unsurpassed. 


'6th  Wisconsin,  ist  Corps,  near  Railroad  Cut,  Front  of  Seminary; 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL   ASSOCIATION.      467 

The  principal  monument,  which  stands  upon 
the  Second  Corps  line,  at  the  spot  from  which 
the  regiment,  by  order  of  General  Hancock, 
started  upon  its  historic  charge,  cost  over 
$16,000.  It  is  a  fine  shaft  surmounted  by  a 
bronze  soldier  double-quicking.  It  portrays 
great  action,  and  is  considered  to  be  one  of  the 
best  pieces  of  bronze  work  ever  executed.  The 
other  monument  is  on  the  line  where  the  reori- 

£> 

ment  fought  on  the  3d.      It  cost  $2500,  and  is 
of  substantial  character. 


UNITED    STATES    REGULARS. 


Regiment.             Brigade. 
1st  Cav.        Merritt. 
2d  Cav.        Merritt. 
5th  Cav.       Merritt. 

Division. 
1st,  Buford. 
ist,  Buford. 
1st,  Buford. 

c                  Killed  and 
Lorps'           wounded. 

Cavalry.              10 
Cavalry.              10 
Cavalry.                4 

Miss 
ing. 

5 

7 

6th  Cav.       Merritt. 

1st,  Buford. 

Cavalry.              34 

208 

2d  Inf.1        2d,  Burbank. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                   6  1 

6 

3d  Inf.1        ist,  Day. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                   72 

i 

4th  Inf.2       1st,  Day. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                  40 

6th  Inf.3       ist,  Day. 

2d,  Ayres 

Fifth.                  44 

.    . 

7th  Inf.2       2d,  Burbank. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                  57 

2 

8th  Inf.*               .... 

loth  Inf.5    2d,  Burbank. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                  48 

3 

nth  Inf.1     2d,  Burbank. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                in 

19 

1  2th  Inf.6     ist,  Day. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                  79 

13 

I4th  Inf.6     ist,  Day. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                128 

4 

1  7th  Inf.7     2d,  Burbank. 

2d,  Ayres. 

Fifth.                 143 

7 

1st  U.  S.8     2d,  Ward. 

ist,  Birney. 

Third.                 43 

6 

2d  U.  S.s      2d,  Ward. 

1st,  Birney. 

Third.                 28 

15 

1  Six  companies.            2Four  companies. 

3  Five  companies. 

4  Head-quarters.            5  Three  companies. 

c  Eight  companies. 

7  Nine  companies.          8  Sharp-shooters. 

468  GETTYSBURG. 

The  two  regiments  of  sharp-shooters  were 
composed  of  companies  recruited  in  the  several 
States,  the  majority  of  them  being  from  Maine, 
Vermont,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin. 

UNITED    STATES    BATTERIES. 

Corp,      Ki»ed  and  Miss- 

wounded.  ing. 

Stewart's  4th  (B) First.             33  3 

Woodruff's  1st  (I) Second.        25  .    . 

Cushing's  4th  (A) Second.        38  .    . 

Seeley's  4th  (K) Third.           21  4 

Hazlett's  5th  (D) ...    Fifth.            13  .    . 

Watson's  5th  (I) Fifth.            20  2 

Williston's  2d  (D)  * Sixth 

Butler's  2d  (G) l Sixth. 

Martin's  5th  (F) 1 Sixth. 

Wilkeson's  (Bancroft's)  4th  (G) Eleventh.     13  4 

Rugg's  4th  (F) Twelfth.         I  .    . 

Kinzie's  5th  (K) Twelfth.         5  .    . 

Heaton's  2d  (B  &  L) l  ,    .    .    Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.      .    . 

Pennington's  2d  (M)      .    .    .    Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.          I  .    . 

Elder's  4th  (E) Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.          i  .    . 

Randol's  1st  (E  &  G) J  .    .    .    Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.      .    . 

Graham's  1st  (K) Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.          3  .    . 

CalePs  2d  (A) Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry.        12  .    . 

Fuller's  3d  (C) l Horse  Artillery,  Cavalry. 

Eakin's  (Mason's)  1st  (II)     ....    Artillery  Reserve.         9  I 

Turnbull's  3d  (F  &  K) Artillery  Reserve.       23  I 

Thomas's  4th  (C) Artillery  Reserve.       18  .    . 

Weir's  5th  (C) Artillery  Reserve.       16  .    . 


Not  engaged. 


No  monuments  or  tablets  have  as  yet  been 
erected  to  mark  the  positions  of  the  regiments 
and  batteries  of  the  Regular  army. 


Vermont  Co.'s  Berdan's  2d  U.  S.  Sharpshooters,  in  Front  of  Big  Round  Top. 
"  The  Hornet's  Nest." 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       471 


LIST     OF    CONFEDERATE     REGIMENTS    AND    BAT- 
TERIES    ENGAGED    IN    THE    BATTLE. 


ALABAMA. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

3d  Inf. 

O'Neal. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

4th  Inf. 

Law. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

5th  Bat. 

Archer. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

5th  Inf. 

O'Neal. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

6th  Inf. 

O'Neal. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

8th  Inf. 

Wilcox. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

9th  Inf. 

Wilcox. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

loth  Inf. 

Wilcox. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

nth  Inf. 

Wilcox. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

1  2th  Inf. 

O'Neal. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

1  3th  Inf. 

Archer. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

1  4th  Inf. 

Wilcox. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

1  5th  Inf. 

Law. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

26th  Inf. 

O'Neal. 

Rodes. 

Hill. 

44th  Inf. 

Law. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

47th  Inf. 

Law. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

48th  Inf. 

Law. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

Batteries. 

.    TeffD 

avis  Artillery. 

Hurt's 

ARKANSAS. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

3d  Inf. 

Robertson 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

FLORIDA. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

2d  Inf. 

Perry. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

5th  Inf. 

Perry. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

8th  Inf. 

Perry. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

472 


GETTYSBURG. 


GEORGIA. 

Regiment.                        Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

Cobb's  Legion.     Hampton. 

Stuart's  Cavalry. 

.... 

Phillips's  Legion.  Hampton. 

Stuart's  Cavalry. 

.    .    .    . 

2d  Battalion,  Inf.  Wright. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

2d  Inf.                    Banning. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

3d  Inf.                   Wright. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

4th  Inf.                  Doles. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

7th  Inf.                   Anderson. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

8th  Inf.                  Anderson. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

9th  Inf.                  Anderson. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

loth  Inf.                 Semmes. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

nth  Inf.                 Anderson. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

1  2th  Inf.                 Doles. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

1  3th  Inf.                Gordon. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

I4th  Inf.                Thomas. 

Fender. 

Hill. 

1  5th  Inf.                 Benning. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

1  6th  Inf.                Wofford. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

1  7th  Inf.                Benning. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

1  8th  Inf.                Wofford. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

2Oth  Inf.                 Benning. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

2  1st  Inf.                  Doles. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

22d  Inf.                  Wright. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

24th  Inf.                Wofford. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

26th  Int.                Gordon. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

3  1st  Inf.                 Gordon. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

35th  Inf.                 Thomas. 

Fender. 

Hill. 

38th  Inf.                 Gordon. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

44th  Inf.                 Doles. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

45th  Inf.                Thomas. 

Fender. 

Hill. 

48th  Inf.                Wright. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

49th  Inf.                Thomas. 

Fender. 

Hill. 

5oth  Inf.                 Semmes. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

5  1st  Inf.                 Semmes. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

53d  Inf.                  Semmes. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

59th  Inf.                Anderson. 

Hood. 

Longstreet. 

6oth  Inf.                Gordon. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

6ist  Inf.                  Gordon. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

Cobb's  Legion.     Wofford. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

Phillips's  Legion.  Wofford. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

2d  Maryland. Confederate  Monument.^ Culp's^Hill. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      475 

Batteries. 

Carleton's Troup  Artillery. 

Frazier's Pulaski  Artillery. 

Milledge's. 
Patterson's. 
Ross's. 
Wingfield's. 

LOUISIANA. 

Regiment  Brigade.  Division.  Corps. 

1st  Inf.  Williams.  Johnson.  Ewell. 

2d  Inf.  Williams.  Johnson.  Ewell. 

5th  Inf.  Hays.  Early.  Ewell. 

6th  Inf.  Hays.  Early.  Ewell. 

7th  Inf.  Hays.  Early.  Ewell. 

8th  Inf.  Hays.  Early.  Ewell. 

9th  Inf.  Hays.  Early.  Ewell. 

loth  Inf.  Williams.  Johnson.  EwelL 

I4th  Inf.  Williams.  Johnson.  Ewell. 

1 5th  Inf.  Williams.  Johnson.  Ewell. 

Batteries. 

Moody's Madison  Light  Artillery. 

Green's Louisiana  Guard  Artillery. 

Maurin's Donaldsonville  Artillery. 

Miller's Washington  Artillery. 

Norcom's Washington  Artillery. 

Richardson's Washington  Artillery. 

Squires's Washington  Artillery. 

MARYLAND. 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division.  Corps. 

1st  Battalion,  Inf.  Steuart.  Johnson.  Ewell. 

Batteries. 

Brown's Chesapeake  Artillery. 

Dement's. 
Breathed's. 
Griffin's  2d. 


476 


GETTYSBURG. 


MISSISSIPPI. 


Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

2d  Inf. 

Davis. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

nth  Inf. 

Davis. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

1  2th  Inf. 

Posey. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

I3th  Inf. 

Barksdale. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

1  6th  Inf. 

Posey. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

1  7th  Inf. 

Barksdale. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

1  8th  Inf. 

Barksdale. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

igth  Inf. 

Posey. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

2ist  Inf. 

Barksdale. 

McLaws. 

Longstreet. 

42d  Inf. 

Davis. 

Ileth. 

Hill. 

48th  Inf. 

Posey. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

Battery. 

Ward's 

Madison 

Light  Artillery 

NORT 

11    CAROLINA. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

1st  Cav. 

Hampton. 

Stuart. 

.... 

2d  Cav. 

W.  II.  F.  L 

ue.       Stuart. 

1st  Battalion, 

Inf.  Hoke. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

1st  Inf. 

Steuart. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

2d  Inf. 

Ramseur. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

2(1  Battalion, 

Inf.  Daniels. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

3d  Inf. 

Steuart. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

4th  Inf. 

Ramseur. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

5th  Inf. 

Iverson. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

6th  Inf. 

Hoke. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

7th  Inf. 

Lane. 

Pender. 

Hill. 

nth  Inf. 

Peltigrew. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

1  2th  Inf. 

Iverson. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

1  3th  Inf. 

Sc.des. 

Pender. 

Hill. 

I4th  Inf. 

Ramseur. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

1  6th  Inf. 

Scales. 

Pender. 

Hill. 

i8th  Inf. 

Lane. 

Pender. 

Hill. 

2ist  Inf. 

Iverson, 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

22d  Inf. 

Scales. 

Pender. 

Hill. 

23d  Inf. 

Iverson. 

Rodes. 

Ewell. 

BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      479 


NORTH  CAROLINA — Continued. 


Regiment. 

26th  Inf. 
28th  Inf. 
30th  Inf. 
32d  Inf. 
33d  Inf. 
34th  Inf. 
37th  Inf. 
38th  Inf. 
43d  Inf. 
45th  Inf. 
47th  Inf. 
52d  Inf. 
53d  Inf. 
54th  Inf. 
55th  Inf. 
57th  Inf. 


Brigade. 
Pettigrew. 
Lane. 
Ramseur. 
Daniels. 
Lane. 
Scales. 
Lane. 
Scales. 
Daniels. 
Daniels. 
Pettigrew. 
Pettigrew. 
Daniels. 
Iverson. 
Davis. 
Hoke. 


Division. 
Heth. 
Pender. 
Rodes. 
Rodes. 
Pender. 
Pender. 
Pender. 
Pender. 
Rodes. 
Rodes. 
Heth. 
Heth. 
Rodes. 
Rodes. 
Heth. 
Early. 


Corps. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 

Ewell. 

Hill. 

Ewell. 


Batteries. 

Manly's North  Carolina  Artillery. 

Latham's Branch  Artillery. 

Reilly's Rowan  Artillery. 

Graham's. 

SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

Corps. 


Hill. 

Longstreet. 

Longstreet. 

Longstreet. 

Longstreet. 

Longstreet. 

Hill. 

Hill.      . 

Hill. 

Longstreet. 

Hill. 


Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

1st  Cav. 

Hampton. 

Stuart. 

2d  Cav. 

Hampton. 

Stuart. 

Jeff  Davis  Legion 

.Hampton. 

Stuart. 

1st  Inf. 

McGowan. 

Pender. 

2d  Inf. 

Kershaw. 

Me  Laws. 

3d  Inf. 

Kershaw. 

Me  Laws. 

3d  Battalion,  Inf. 

Kershaw. 

Me  Laws. 

yth  Inf. 

Kershaw. 

McLaws. 

8th  Inf. 

Kershaw. 

Me  Laws. 

1  2th  Inf. 

McGowan. 

Pender. 

1  3th  Inf. 

McGowan. 

Pender. 

I4th  Inf. 

McGowan. 

Pender. 

1  5th  Inf. 

Kershaw. 

McLaws. 

Orr's  Rifles. 

McGowan. 

Pender. 

480 


GETTYSBURG. 


Batteries. 


Bachmau's 
Garden's  . 
Rhett's  . 
Brunson's  . 
Hart's  . 


German  Artillery. 
Palmetto  Light  Artillery. 
Brooks  Artillery. 
Pee  Dee  Artillery. 
Washington  Artillery. 


Regiment. 
1st  Inf. 
7th  Inf. 
1 4th  Inf. 


Brigade. 
Archer. 
Archer. 
Archer. 


TENNESSEE. 

Division. 
Heth. 
Heth. 
Heth. 


Corps. 

Hill. 
Hill. 
Hill. 


Regiment, 
ist  Inf. 
4th  Inf. 
5th  Inf. 


Brigade. 
Robertson. 
Robertson. 
Robertson. 


TEXAS. 

Division. 
Hood. 
Hood. 
Hood. 


Corps. 

Longstreet. 
Longstreet. 
Longstreet. 


VIRGINIA. 


Regiment. 

1st  Inf. 

2(1  lllf. 

3d  Inf. 
4th  Inf. 
5th  Inf. 
6th  Inf. 
7th  Inf. 
8th  Inf. 
9th  Inf. 
loth  Inf. 
I  Ith  Inf. 
1 2th  Inf. 
I4th  Inf. 
l6th  Inf. 
1 8th  Inf. 
I9th  Inf. 


Brigade. 

Division. 

Kemper. 

Pickett. 

Walker. 

Johnson. 

Kemper. 

Pickett. 

Walker. 

Johnson. 

Walker. 

Johnson. 

Mahone. 

Anderson. 

Kemper. 

Pickett. 

Garnett. 

Pickett. 

Armistead. 

Pickett. 

Steuart. 

Johnson. 

Kemper.  . 

Pickett. 

Mahone. 

Anderson. 

Armistead. 

Pickett. 

Mahone. 

Anderson. 

Garnett. 

Pickett. 

Garnett. 

Pickett. 

Corps. 

Longstreet. 
Ewell. 
Longstreet. 
Ewell. 
Ewell. 
Hill. 

Longstreet. 
Longstreet. 
I  .ongstreet. 
Ewell. 
Longstreet. 
Hill. 

Longstreet. 
Hill. 

Longstreet. 
Longstreet. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      483 


VIRGINIA —  Continued. 


Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Division. 

Corps. 

22d  Battalion 

,Inf.Brockenbrough. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

2ist  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

230!  Battalion 

,Inf.Steuart. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

24th  Inf. 

Kemper. 

Pickett. 

Longstreet. 

25th  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

27th  Inf. 

Walker. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

28th  Inf. 

Garnett. 

Pickett. 

Longstreet. 

3  ist  Inf. 

Smith. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

33d  Inf. 

Walker. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

37th  Inf. 

Steuart. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

38th  Inf. 

Armistead. 

Pickett. 

Longstreet. 

40th  Inf. 

Brockenbrough. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

4  ist  Inf. 

Mahone. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

42d  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

44th  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

47th  Inf. 

Brockenbrough. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

48th  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

49th  Inf. 

Smith. 

Early. 

Ewell. 

50th  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

52d  Inf. 

Jones. 

Johnson. 

Ewell. 

53d  Inf. 

Armistead. 

Pickett. 

Longstreet. 

55th  Inf. 

Brockenbrough. 

Heth. 

Hill. 

56th  Inf. 

Garnett. 

Pickett. 

Longstreet. 

57th  Inf. 

Garnett. 

Pickett. 

Longstreet. 

6  ist  Inf. 

Mahone. 

Anderson. 

Hill. 

Cavalry. 


Regiment. 

Brigade. 

1st  Cav. 

Fitzhugh  Lee. 

2d  Cav. 

Fitzhugh  Lee. 

3d  Cav. 

Fitzhugh  Lee. 

4th  Cav. 

Fitzhugh  Lee. 

5th  Cav. 

Fitzhugh  Lee. 

6th  Cav. 

Jones. 

7th  Cav. 

Jones. 

9th  Cav.1 

W.  H.  F.  Lee. 

Division. 

Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 
Stuart. 


1  Commanded  by  Chambliss. 


16 


484  GETTYSBURG. 

vi  RG  i  N  i  A —  Continued. 
Cavalry. 

Regiment.  Brigade.  Division, 

loth  Cav.1  W.  H.  F.  Lee.  Stuart. 

HthCav.  Jones.  Stuart. 

1 2th  Cav.  Jones.  Stuart. 

I3th  Cav.1  W.  H.  F.  Lee.  Stuart. 

I4th  Cav.  Jenkins.  Stuart. 

I5th  Cav.1  W.  H.  F.  Lee.  Stuart. 

1 6th  Cav.  Jenkins.  Stuart. 

I yth  Cav.  Jenkins.  Stuart. 

34th  Cav.  Jenkins.  Stuart. 

35th  Cav.  Jones.  Stuart. 

36th  Cav.  Jenkins.  Stuart. 


i  Commanded  by  Chambliss. 

BATTERIES. 

McCarthy's .1st  Richmond  Howitzers. 

Blount's. 

Caskie's Hampden  Artillery. 

Macon's Richmond  Fayette  Artillery 

Sibling's Fauquier  Artillery. 

Jordan's Bedford  Artillery. 

Parker's. 
Taylor's. 

Woolfolk's Ashland  Artillery. 

Carrington's Charlottesville  Artillery. 

Garber's Staunton  Artillery. 

Tanner's Courtney  Arti.lery. 

Carpenter's Alleghany  Artillery. 

Raine's Lee  Battery. 

Carter's  King  William  Artillery. 

Fry's Orange  Artillery. 

Page's      Morris  Artillery. 

Dance's   .    .    . 1st  Virginia  Artillery. 

Cunningham's Powhatan  Artillery. 

Griffin's   .  Salem  Artillery. 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.       487 

v  i  R  G  i  N  i  A —  Continued. 

Graham's Rockbridge  Artillery. 

Watson's 2d  Richmond  Howitzers. 

Kirkpatrick's Amherst  Artillery. 

Massie's Fluvanna  Artillery. 

Grandy's Norfolk  Light  Artillery 

Blues. 
Lewis's. 
Moore's. 
Brooke's. 

Wyatt's Albemarle  Artillery. 

Lusk's. 
Johnson's. 

Rice's Danville  Artillery. 

Brander's Letcher  Artillery. 

Crenshaw's. 

McGraw's Purcell  Artillery. 

Marye's Fredericksburg  Artillery. 

McGregor's. 

Chew's. 

Moorman's. 


488  GETTYSBURG. 

"AN  ACT 

"TO  ESTABLISH  A  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK  AT  GETTYSBURG, 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

"  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled, 
That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to  receive 
from  the  Gettysburg  Battle-field  Memorial  Association,  a 
corporation  chartered  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  a  deed 
of  conveyance  to  the  United  States  of  all  the  lands  belong 
ing  to  said  association,  embracing  about  eight  hundred 
acres,  more  or  less,  and  being  a  considerable  part  of  the 
battle-field  of  Gettysburg,  together  with  all  rights  of  way 
over  avenues  through  said  lands  acquired  by  said  association, 
and  all  improvements  made  by  it  in  and  upon  the  same. 

"  SEC.  2.  That  as  soon  as  the  lands  aforesaid  shall  be  con 
veyed  to  the  United  States  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  take 
possession  of  the  same,  and  such  other  lands  on  the  battle 
field  as  the  United  States  have  acquired,  or  shall  hereafter 
acquire,  by  purchase  or  condemnation  proceedings ;  and 
the  lands  aforesaid  shall  be  designated  and  known  as  the 
'  Gettsyburg  National  Park. ' 

"  SEC.  3.  That  the  Gettysburg  national  park  shall,  subject 
to  the  supervision  and  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  be 
in  charge  of  the  commissioners  heretofore  appointed  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  for  the  location  and  acquisition  of  lands 
at  Gettysburg,  and  their  successors. 

"  SEC.  4.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  author 
ized  and  directed  to  acquire,  at  such  times  and  in  such 
manner  as  he  may  deem  best  calculated  to  serve  the  public 
interest,  such  lands  in  the  vicinity  of  Gettysburg,  Penn 
sylvania,  not  exceeding  in  area  the  parcels  shown  on  the 
map  prepared  by  Major-General  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  United 
States  Army,  and  now  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary 
of  War,  which  were  occupied  by  the  infantry,  cavalry,  and 


BATTLE-FIELD    MEMORIAL    ASSOCIATION.      491 

artillery  on  the  first,  second,  and  third  days  of  July, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  and  such  other  adjacent 
lands  as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  preserve  the  impor 
tant  topographical  features  of  the  battle-field. 

"SEC.  5.  That  for  the  purpose  of  acquiring  the  lands 
designated  and  described  in  the  foregoing  section  not 
already  acquired  and  owned  by  the  United  States,  and  such 
other  adjacent  land  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the 
Secretary  of  War  for  the  preservation  and  marking  of  the 
lines  of  battle  of  the  Union  and  Confederate  armies  at 
Gettysburg,  the  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  employ 
the  services  of  the  commissioners  heretofore  appointed  by 
him  for  the  location,  who  shall  proceed,  in  conformity  with 
his  instructions  and  subject  in  all  things  to  his  approval,  to 
acquire  such  lands  by  purchase,  or  by  condemnation  pro 
ceedings,  to  be  taken  by  the  Attorney-General  in  behalf  of 
the  United  States,  in  any  case  in  which  it  shall  be  ascer 
tained  that  the  same  cannot  be  purchased  at  prices  deemed 
reasonable  and  just  by  the  said  commissioners  and  approved 
by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

"  SEC.  6.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of 
War  to  establish  and  enforce  proper  regulations  for  the  cus 
tody,  preservation,  and  care  of  the  monuments  now  erected 
or  which  may  be  hereafter  erected  within  the  limits  of  the 
said  national  military  park  ;  and  such  rules  shall  provide 
for  convenient  access  by  visitors  to  all  such  monuments 
within  the  park,  and  the  ground  included  therein,  on  such 
days  and  within  such  hours  as  may  be  designated  and 
authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

''SEC.  7.  That  if  any  person  shall  destroy,  mutilate, 
deface,  injure,  or  remove,  except  by  permission  of  the  Sec 
retary  of  War,  any  column,  statue,  memorial  structure,  or 
work  of  art  that  shall  be  erected  or  placed  upon  the  grounds 
of  the  park  by  lawful  authority,  or  shall  destroy  or  remove 
any  fence,  railing,  inclosure,  or  other  work  for  the  protec- 


49  2  GETTYSBURG. 

tion  or  ornament  of  said  park  or  any  portion  thereof,  or 
shall  destroy,  cut,  hack,  bark,  break  down,  or  otherwise 
injure  any  tree,  bush,  or  shrubbery  that  may  be  growing 
upon  said  park,  or  shall  cut  down  or  fell  or  remove  any 
timber,  battle  relic,  tree  or  trees,  growing  or  being  upon 
said  park,  or  hunt  within  the  limits  of  the  park,  or  shall 
remove  or  destroy  any  breastworks,  earthworks,  walls,  or 
other  defences  or  shelter  or  any  part  thereof  constructed 
by  the  armies  formerly  engaged  in  the  battles  on  the  land 
or  approaches  to  the  park,  or  shall  violate  any  regulation 
made  and  published  by  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the  gov 
ernment  of  visitors  within  the  limits  of  said  park,  any  per 
son  so  offending  and  found  guilty  thereof,  before  any  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  of  the  county  in  which  the  offence  may 
be  committed,  shall,  for  each  and  every  such  offence,  for 
feit  and  pay  a  fine,  in  the  discretion  of  the  justice,  accord 
ing  to  the  aggravation  of  the  offence,  of  not  less  than  five 
nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  one-half  for  the  use  of 
the  park  and  the  other  half  to  the  informer,  to  be  enforced 
and  recovered  before  such  justice  in  like  manner  as  debts  of 
like  nature  are  now  by  law  recoverable  in  the  county  where 
the  offence  may  be  committed. 

"  SEC.  8.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  author 
ized  and  directed  to  cause  to  be  made  a  suitable  bronze 
tablet,  containing  on  it  the  address  delivered  by  Abraham 
Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States,  at  Gettysburg,  on 
the  nineteenth  day  of  November,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty  three,  on  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of  the  na 
tional  cemetery  at  that  place,  and  such  tablet,  having  on 
it  besides  the  address  a  medallion  likeness  of  President 
Lincoln,  shall  be  erected  on  the  most  suitable  site  within 
the  limits  of  said  park. 

Approved,  February  n,  1895. 


Urn 


Fl" 


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